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Orthogonal and non‐orthogonal DS‐CDMA spreading codes comparison; all (x) points represent the simulation results to each curve, respectively
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This study investigates dual‐hop fixed amplify‐and‐forward relaying performance analysis utilizing cooperative code division multiple‐access (CDMA) systems for hybrid satellite terrestrial cooperative networks (HSTCNs). The system performance is evaluated over independent non‐identical (i.n.i.) shadowed‐Rician fading channels for the links of the s...
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Citations
... In [142], the authors analyzed the OP of AF-HSTNs and derived a closed-form expression of the MGF. Recently, the authors of [143] focused on a MIMO-enabled HSTN where the satellite, relay and user are all equipped multiple antennas. ...
Terrestrial communication networks can provide high-speed and ultra-reliable services for users in urban areas but have poor coverage performance for the ubiquitous Internet of Things (IoT) in harsh environments, such as mountains, deserts, and oceans. Satellites can be exploited to extend the coverage of terrestrial fifth-generation (5G) and beyond networks. However, satellites are restricted by their high latency and relatively low data rate. Hence, the integration of terrestrial and satellite components, taking advantage of both networks, has been widely studied to enable seamless broadband coverage. Due to the significant difference between satellite communications (SatComs) and terrestrial communications (TerComs) in terms of channel fading, transmission delay, mobility, and coverage performance, the establishment of an efficient hybrid satellite-terrestrial network (HSTN) still faces many challenges. In general, it is difficult to decompose a HSTN into the sum of separated satellite and terrestrial links, due to complicated coupling relationships therein. To uncover the complete picture of HSTNs, we regard the HSTN as a combination of basic cooperative models, which contain the main traits of satellite-terrestrial integration, but are much simpler and thus more tractable than the whole network. Particularly, we present three basic cooperative models for HSTNs and provide a survey of the state-of-the-art technologies for each of them. We investigate some main problems and their solutions, including cooperative pattern, performance analysis and resource management issues. We also discuss open issues to envision an agile, smart, and secure HSTN for the sixth-generation (6G) ubiquitous IoT.
... Cooperative communication has been proposed to improve the performance of mobile communication networks. The system performance of MIMO AF cooperative networks over the shadowed-Rician fading model was investigated in [22]. The OP performance of mobile cooperative networks was investigated in [23]. ...
This paper investigates outage probability (OP) performance predictions using transmit antenna selection (TAS) and derives exact closed-form OP expressions for a TAS scheme. It uses Monte-Carlo simulations to evaluate OP performance and verify the analysis. A back-propagation (BP) neural network-based OP performance prediction algorithm is proposed and compared with extreme learning machine (ELM), locally weighted linear regression (LWLR), support vector machine (SVM), and BP neural network methods. The proposed method was found to have higher OP performance prediction results than the other prediction methods.
Terrestrial communication networks mainly focus on users in urban areas but have poor coverage performance in harsh environments, such as mountains, deserts, and oceans. Satellites can be exploited to extend the coverage of terrestrial fifth-generation (5G) networks. However, satellites are restricted by their high latency and relatively low data rate. Consequently, the integration of terrestrial and satellite components has been widely studied, to take advantage of both sides and enable the seamless broadband coverage. Due to the significant differences between satellite communications (SatComs) and terrestrial communications (TerComs) in terms of channel fading, transmission delay, mobility, and coverage performance, the establishment of an efficient hybrid satellite-terrestrial network (HSTN) still faces many challenges. In general, it is difficult to decompose a HSTN into a sum of separate satellite and terrestrial links due to the complicated coupling relationships therein. To uncover the complete picture of HSTNs, we regard the HSTN as a combination of basic cooperative models that contain the main traits of satellite-terrestrial integration but are much simpler and thus more tractable than the large-scale heterogeneous HSTNs. In particular, we present three basic cooperative models, i.e., model X, model L, and model V, and provide a survey of the state-of-the-art technologies for each of them. We discuss future research directions towards establishing a cell-free, hierarchical, decoupled HSTN. We also outline open issues to envision an agile, smart, and secure HSTN for the sixth-generation (6G) ubiquitous Internet of Things (IoT).
