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Organic compounds serve as toxins, vitamins, food sources, or chelators. These organic compounds may inhibit or stimulate growth or attract or repel other organisms as interchange arrows indicate. Chelators may transport needed metals into the cells or lower metals'in their concentrations around the organism to a non-lethal level.
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... behavior where the forces of attraction between the water and some specific compound are weaker than those between identical molecules result in a positive deviation from Raoult's Law. A compound with a boiling point greater than that of water exhibiting a positive deviation from Raoult's Law is shown in Figure 10. This is called a minimum boiling azeotrope. ...
Context 2
... is called a minimum boiling azeotrope. \ From Figure 10 it is apparent that dilute solutions of a compound exhibiting a positive Bearing in mind that the organics present in the water may affect the relative manner in which the organics distill, the same water should be used to generate standard curves' that is used in the analysis for the trace amounts of organic compounds. The following steps should be followed in analyzing water to determine the amounts of trace organic compounds present: ...
Context 3
... lines in both figures should be non-intersecting over the area of interest, since , intersection implies a greater concentration in the distillate of weaker initial concentrations as opposed : to greater initial concentrations. The temporal variations of volatile organics listed in Figure 11 were obtained from the analysis of 43 frozen stored samples. Data were also obtained from fresh samples and a comparison of these two is listed in Table 6. Figure 11 is the only listing of data from frozen stored samples, all other data were from analyses performed shortly after obtaining the sample. ...
Context 4
... were also obtained from fresh samples and a comparison of these two is listed in Table 6. Figure 11 is the only listing of data from frozen stored samples, all other data were from analyses performed shortly after obtaining the sample. ...
Context 5
... Figure 11 it Can be seen that the five compounds (acetone, acetaldehyde, ethanol, methanol, and isopropyl alcohol) on the average 10, 1975June 15, 1975June 30, 1976July 25, 1975Aug. 6,1975Aug. ...
Context 6
... readings of concentrated organic compounds. As stated earlier, all data reported in Figure 11 for Hyrum Reservoir were from the analysis of stored frozen samples. The samples were thawed and analyzed. ...
Context 7
... samples were thawed and analyzed. Some compounds were in high enough concentration to be measured without distilling and were analyzed directly; however, to obtain analytical concentration values for the com· pounds of lower concentration, all samples were distilled and concentration curves similar to Figure 12 were generated. Note that the concentration measured before distilling (indicated above the line in J.1.1/1) ...
Context 8
... started out with 2 liters, others with only 500 mi. For these reasons, the un distilled values were used as probable values, and the high concentration curves (similar to Figure 12) were used only to establish minimum and maximum values of the water concentration. ...
Context 9
... VOLUME COLLECTED Figure 12. Distillation curves for high concentrations of acetone (log·log plot). ...
Context 10
... samples were thawed and analyzed; direct readings were made and high concentration distillation curves similar to Figure 12 were generated. The thawed samples were distilled to concentrate organic compounds that otherwise could not be detected. ...
Context 11
... those samples that had been concentrated rust by freeze rotation, their minimum and maximum values were extended assuming 100 percent and zero percent concentrating effect due to freeze rotation. Normal minimum and maximum values were obtained from variance in gas chromatography analysis and variance of the concentration line in high concentration distillation curves (lines) generated similar to Figure 12. ...
Context 12
... concentrations obtained from the analysis of the 43 frozen samples are shown in Figure 11. The probable concentration values with their minimum ...
Context 13
... the accuracy of the measurement was improved by using larger volumes of water in the initial distillation step. A typical gas chromatogram resulting from the analysis of organic compounds concentrated from snow appears in Figure 13. ...
Context 14
... there was little water movement (l6-inch ice cover and a 4° C water temperature on the' bottom), the ethanol was probably produced near the top, where the heaviest algal concentration was located. The algae were still actively growing at this time (see Figure 14) and may have been involved in some way in the production of ethanol. ...
Context 15
... of the interstitial water from the bottom muds of Hyrum Reservoir showed consistently higher acetone concentrations than the water above the muds. On all four mud sampling occasions the unconcentrated interstitial mud water was higher in acetone concentration than the water in the reservoir (Figures 15a and 15b). Since there was no algal activity at these depths (microscope examina- tion) , it was suspected that bacterial fermentation was taking place. ...
Context 16
... little mixing in the reservoir and with the bottom muds acting as a source of some organic compounds, the bottom waters of the reservoir should have been higher in concentration of these Ofganic compounds than the surface waters. This was the case on January 20, 1976 ( Figure 16a and 16b and Table 11). ...
Context 17
... was not by chance that it occupied these positions, but was related ,to the well·being of the cells. Microscopic examination showed that the healthiest cells were found in the water column, and that as the cells began to die (lysis), they were unable A. flos-aquae), and 2) the formation of akinetes or overwintering spores (decrease in internal gas vacuoles and an increase in cytoplasmic density of the cells thus causing the akinetes to sink) ( Wildman et al., 1975) (see Figure 17). ...
Context 18
... an effort to study the relationship between the dying' algae and the production of organic compounds in the reservoir, algae in varying states of decomposition were collected in 20 liter glass carboys ( Figure 18). Algae were collected on September 9, 1975, September 25, 1975, and October 1, 1975. ...
Context 20
... Figure 18. Sott"", Figure 19. Concentrations of acetone, ethanol, and methanol monitored in carboys filled -with' algae collected on October 1, 1975, from Hyrum Reservoir. ...
Context 21
... it was during this time (100 to 200 hours into the experiment) that the algae began to fall to the bottom of the carboy. Results for algae in the advanced stages of decay ( Figure 21, carboy No.3) where most of the algae had already settled to the bottom showed that most of the production of methanol and ethanol was from the bottom. This was also the case in the other carboys (the bottom production of ethanol and methanol was always greater in the more advanced stages of decay, i.e. ...
Context 22
... two compOunds appeared to be associated with active algal growth, ethanol, and acetonitrile; in particular these seemed to be associated with diatom growth and with a green alga (Chlamydomonas sp.). In Figure 11 there are five peaks for acetonitrile, and each of these corresponds to a dominant diatom population in the water at that time (see Table 14 and Figures 11 and 14). In Figure 12 there are six peaks for ethanol, four of these are associated with algal growth. ...
Context 23
... two compOunds appeared to be associated with active algal growth, ethanol, and acetonitrile; in particular these seemed to be associated with diatom growth and with a green alga (Chlamydomonas sp.). In Figure 11 there are five peaks for acetonitrile, and each of these corresponds to a dominant diatom population in the water at that time (see Table 14 and Figures 11 and 14). In Figure 12 there are six peaks for ethanol, four of these are associated with algal growth. ...
Context 24
... Figure 11 there are five peaks for acetonitrile, and each of these corresponds to a dominant diatom population in the water at that time (see Table 14 and Figures 11 and 14). In Figure 12 there are six peaks for ethanol, four of these are associated with algal growth. two with algal breakdown; again diatoms and Chlamydomonas sp. ...
Context 25
... ethanol peaks (Figure 11) in August 1975 andSeptember 1975 corresponded to decreases in the A. fiolNlquae population (see Figure 22). The increase in ethanol was probably due to the breakdown of the A. fios-aquae. ...
Context 26
... organic compounds which exhibited this pattern (increases in late August 1975 andSeptember 1975) were acetone, methanol, I-butanol, propanol, isobutyl alcohol, methyl ethyl ketone, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-01, tert-butyl alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol. These 10 compounds, of the 13 shown in Figure 11, all have the double peaks in late August and September of 1975; only two of the 13 monitored compounds did not substantially increase with the algal popUlation decline in September 1975. These two compounds were acetonitrile and acetaldehyde. ...
Context 27
... , , , , 1 I~t, j J I I: . Mass spectrograph of an unknown with a parent ion peak mass of 58 amu which from Figure 31 was identified as acetone. ...
Context 28
... number of cells in the reservoir between the surface and 1.5 meters below the surface was 0.11 x IOU and the total number of cells in the reservoir on that day was 0.39 x 1015. Note the data are all based on one collection site and assumes a homogeneous distribution about each data point dividing equally the distances between data points. .51) [.',)1. .ltor+o.c. .36[.04 .28[.03 .llf..:)] .ZJE+OJ .Z9E+OJ .J6E.O~ .1~E.O~ .18E.0~ .1"E.O~ .1~E.O~O ...
Context 29
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Context 30
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