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We studied the neuronal correlates of consciousness by characterizing the role of attention and awareness in three psychophysical experiments. First, we investigated the role of visual awareness in the formation of afterimages, phenomena believed to occur in the retina. Visibility of the afterimage-inducing stimuli was manipulated by a powerful dic...
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Citations
... Similar results were found for several different manipulations of attentional focus and measurements of afterimage strength. Although Lou and Chen (2005) reported an opposite effect of attention on afterimages, Tsuchiya (2006) replicated the Suzuki and Grabowecky (2003) finding. The different findings may be related to the stimuli and the experimental measures of afterimage strength. ...
We explore attentional effects on afterimages in the framework of the FACADE model of visual perception. We first show that the FACADE model can account for the experimental findings of Suzuki and Grabowecky [Suzuki, S., & Grabowecky, M. (2003). Attention during adaptation weakens negative afterimages. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 29, 793-807] that afterimages are weaker when the inducing stimulus is attended. We then analyze the model's behavior with attentional influences on a two-stimulus afterimage studied by Francis and Rothmayer [Francis, G., & Rothmayer, M. (2003). Interactions of afterimages for orientation and color: Experimental data and model simulations. Perception & Psychophysics 65, 508-522]. The model predicts that attentional focus directed towards the first stimulus has little effect on afterimage strength. In contrast, the model predicts that attentional focus on the second stimulus should increase the strength of the afterimage compared to when attention is focused elsewhere. Moreover, the model predicts that the attentional effects on the second stimulus should vary with time after offset of the second inducing stimulus. All of the model predictions are validated in an experiment. The model and experimental results extend and clarify previous explanations of attentional effects and afterimages.
