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Optical microscope/Raman spectroscopy(inset). A, B, are the wear scars of DLC film; C, D, are the wear scars of 3D gr/h‐BN composite nanomaterials
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Green tribology is an engineering field, which is dedicated to reducing friction, wear and pollution to the environment. Diamond‐like carbon (DLC) films as coating is a very effective green friction material, but its friction of coefficient in the atmospheric environment still needs to be further reduced. Here, a common method for improving the tri...
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Being one of the most lightweight, toughest, and most flexible materials in the world, having exceptional mechanical, electrical,
thermal, and tribological properties, makes graphene and its several based materials crucial applicants for biomedical, medical,
aerospace, automotive, electrical, energy, sensing, food, and other industrial sectors. G...
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... The experimental COFs before coating failure of some 2D materials (e.g. MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x [29,31,32,54], MoS 2 [55][56][57], graphene [58][59][60][61], h-BN [62,63], WS 2 [55,64]) have been summarized in Table S5, Supporting Information. Based on this table, it becomes evident that, although keeping the experimental testing conditions fairly similar, quite some experimental scattering related to the obtained COFs can be seen for the individual 2D materials. ...
... The experimental COFs before coating failure of some 2D materials (e.g. MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x [29,32,33,53], MoS 2 [54][55][56], graphene [57][58][59][60], h-BN [61,62], WS 2 [54,63]) have been summarized in Table S5, Supporting Information. Based on this table, it becomes evident that, although keeping the experimental testing conditions fairly similar, quite some experimental scattering related to the obtained COFs can be seen for the individual 2D materials. ...
... However, there is a lack of comparative studies on technical ceramics [14]. Wear testing was conducted on composite materials containing BN [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], although less information is available regarding the tribological properties of pure BN specimens. Several of these studies performed tests to analyse the impact of BN additions on the friction-and wear-resistant properties of different materials [16,17,19,21,[25][26][27][28][29]. ...
Ceramics are considered to be candidate materials for galvanising pot bearing materials due to their excellent corrosion resistance in many molten metals. Galvanising pot roll bearings must have excellent wear resistance, and, therefore, it is important to understand the wear behaviour of prospective bearing materials. This study investigates the friction-and wear-resistant properties of select ceramics, namely, pure hBN, BN M26, AlN-BN, Macor, 3YSZ, Al 2 O 3 and Si 3 N 4. The ceramics were tested at different sliding speeds using a pin-on-disc device equipped with SiC pins. The lowest coefficient of friction (COF) achieved was below 0.1, and it was measured for pure hBN at a 3.14 m/min sliding speed. However, a wear scar analysis showed that the BN grades suffered from severe wear. The highest wear rate was obtained for BN M26 at a 9.42 m/min sliding speed and was equal to 17.1 × 10 −6 mm 3 N −1 m −1. It was shown that the wear coefficient of the tested ceramics varied exponentially with hardness. The lowest wear was observed on the 3YSZ, Al 2 O 3 and Si 3 N 4 ceramics, which showed no volume loss, and, for this reason, they can be potentially used as bearing materials in continuous galvanising lines.
... A flat monolayer of tightly packed carbon atoms in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice makes up a graphene structure [28]. As solid lubricants, graphene-based coatings are extensively used in sliding steel surfaces, electrical contact interfaces, iron contact surfaces and space applications, etc., thanks to their superlubricity, electrical, ultralow wear and low friction properties [1,32,41,50,[57][58][59][60][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93]. The friction and wear reduction of coatings facilitated by monolayers, few-layers, multi-layers and reduced graphene oxide emphasizes graphene's inherent advantage in lubricating coatings [2]. ...
This review article summarizes the progress of research on carbon nanomaterial-based lubricants witnessed in recent years. Carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes and carbon nanostructures, are at the center of current tribological research on attaining superior lubrication performance. The development of nanomaterial-based solid lubricants, lubricant additives and bulk materials and the related issues in their processing, characterization and applications as well as their tribological performance (coefficient of friction and wear rate) are listed in a structured tabulated form. Firstly, regarding nanomaterial-based solid
lubricants, this study reveals that carbon nanomaterials such as graphite, graphene, graphenebased coatings and diamond-like carbon (DLC)-based coatings increase different tribological properties of solid lubricants. Secondly, this study summarizes the influence of graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerene, carbon nanodiamonds, carbon nano-onions, carbon nanohorns and carbon spheres when they are used as an additive in lubricants. Thirdly, a structured tabulated overview is presented for the use of carbon nanomaterial-reinforced bulk material as lubricants, where graphene, carbon nanotubes and carbon nanodiamonds are used as reinforcement. Additionally, the lubricity mechanism and superlubricity of carbon nanomaterial-based lubricants is also discussed. The impact of carbon nanotubes and graphene on superlubricity is reviewed in detail. It is reported in the literature that graphene is the most prominent and widely used carbon
nanomaterial in terms of all four regimes (solid lubricants, lubricating additives, bulk material reinforcement and superlubricity) for superior tribological properties. Furthermore, prospective challenges associated with lubricants based on carbon nanomaterials are identified along with future research directions.
... Significant research efforts are being made across the globe to develop new materials that can provide low friction and wear, even under extreme operating conditions [7]. Among them, two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as, graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), have attracted great interest in tribological applications, due to their unique structural arrangement [8]. Graphene is a two-dimensional sheet, consisting of sp 2 bonded carbon atoms in a hexagonal lattice [9]. ...
Developing solid lubricant, with best combination of lubrication characteristics and mechanical properties, is challenging for researchers. For the first time, the spark plasma sintered composite structure from bulk graphene-nanoplatelets (GNP) and hexagonal boron-nitride nanosheets (BNNS) are synthesized with an optimized combination of lubrication characteristics and mechanical properties. The nanocomposites were subjected to evaluation for tribological and mechanical behavior. Results indicated that BNNS imparts higher mechanical property (hardness and elastic modulus) and better wear characteristics, while GNP imparts better sliding behavior (lower coefficient of friction) in the composites. Further, varying the ratio of GNP and BNNS in composite, one can tailors the behavior of solid lubricant construct, as per the requirement of the intended application.
Publications in nanoscience cross conventional boundaries from chemistry to specialised areas of physics and nanomedicine. With such a vast landscape of material, careful distillation of the most important discoveries helps researchers find the key information.
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Appealing to anyone practising in nano-allied fields or wishing to enter the nano-world, this useful resource provides a succinct reference on recent developments in this area now and looking to the future.
The hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) film, which is widely used in the engineering field, has attracted more and more researchers' attention. A-C:H films exhibit super-low friction coefficient and low wear in inert atmospheres but high friction coefficient and wear in ambient air. In this study, 3D graphene and h-BN were used as solid lubricants to reduce the friction and wear of steel-a-C:H film contact conditions under different loads. When 0.01 wt% of 3D graphene and 0.1 wt% h-BN were mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1, the lubricating effect is optimum. Compared with a-C:H films, not only the friction coefficient is reduced, but also the wear rate is further reduced. This is mainly due to the formation of an ordered and dense transfer film on the sliding interface, which effectively prevents the direct contact between the surfaces of the friction pair.
