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We conduct a systematic survey with the aim of assessing open government data initiatives, that is; any attempt, by a government or otherwise, to open data that is produced by a governmental entity. We describe the open government data life-cycle and we focus our discussion on publishing and consuming processes required within open government data...
Context in source publication
Citations
... Numerous open data movements have emerged around the world in recent years. However, fully realising the potential of open government data and supporting for citizen's open government data utilisation remain important challenges (Attard et al., 2015). Government, as a representative of the public sector, plays a significant role in the generation and maintenance of data (Vetrò et al., 2016). ...
Introduction. Governance process optimisation is critical to achieve the goal of improving public services efficiency. Public data service is crucial starting point for realising this goal. However, practical challenges persist in public data service, including unclear processes and insufficient identification of public data service citizens’ information needs. Method & Analysis. We employed an inductive methodology to analyse the public data service users’ information needs and annual distribution among information needs. Based on a data-driven approach, we mapped these information needs sub-categories into four main procedures in public data service. This paper further identified the hierarchy of information needs based on public data processing levels. We utilised Sankey diagram to effectively illustrate cross-analysis result between topics and information needs’ subcategories. Results. The typical levels of public data service users’ information needs include informing, utilisation, problem-solving, social life service, and society governance. Furthermore, our study reveals the data flow among sub-categories of public data service information needs follows the logic of Datafication- Government to Government-Government to citizens- Data to Optimiation. Conclusion. Government departments should ensure public data quality and facilitate efficient data circulation processes. We recommend understanding relationships between public data resources and services derived from them through a problem-solving lens. Our findings will serve as a reference tool for analysing information needs of public data service users in other countries.
... Encouraging broader citizen participation and the democratization of information necessitates a sensitive approach that acknowledges and integrates the country's rich heritage and social dynamics. The push for an open government inherently increases the quantity of data flowing from the public to the government, highlighting the need for stringent data handling and protection practices (Attard et al., 2015;Wu, 2014). There is an urgent imperative to ensure that systems and protocols are in place to prevent misuse of data, unauthorized access, and breaches that could lead to exposure of sensitive personal information. ...
The article examines the potential and obstacles of adopting open government principles in Vietnam. Utilizing a thorough document analysis of governmental reports, policy directives, and academic documents, the study highlights significant progress through legislative reforms and digital technology adoption in Vietnam. This country is undergoing a shift towards transparent governance, motivated by its strong economic growth and political development. Notwithstanding these progressions, Vietnam encounters various obstacles. These factors encompass discrepancies in technology infrastructure, cultural and institutional opposition, concerns around privacy and security, and limitations in available resources. Furthermore, the challenge of aligning new policies with current legislation and ensuring efficient implementation presents additional complexities. The study suggests that enhancing legal and regulatory frameworks, digital infrastructure, fostering a culture of transparency in public agencies, building inclusive participation methods, and prioritizing anti-corruption measures will help Vietnam overcome obstacles in developing an open government.
... In contrast, unstructured data do not have a predefined data model or common identifiable structure, such as narrative text, audio, photo, or video. Some scholars argue that governments are better to publish structured datasets because such data are "machineprocessable", meaning that calculus and algorithms can read, combine, process and analyze them easily, and computers can depict them using graphs and maps (Attard et al., 2015;. In the field of scientific research, Figlio et al. (2017) propose that the integration of structured datasets not only provides researchers with a full-sample data resource that reduces the generation of random errors during empirical analysis, but also offers new opportunities to reveal the full picture of event development under dynamic longitudinal panel data. ...
Purpose
This study investigates the individual and binary (i.e. combined) effects of institutional dimensions of open government data (which include instructional, structural and accessible rules) on scientific research innovation, as well as the mediating roles that researchers' perceived data usefulness and data capability play in between.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on a sample of 1,092 respondents, this study uses partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and polynomial regression with response surface analysis to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of individual and binary institutional dimensions on scientific research innovation.
Findings
The findings demonstrate that instructional, structural and restricted access data have a positive effect on scientific research innovation in the individual effect. While the binary effect of institutional dimensions produces varying degrees of scientific research innovation. Furthermore, this study discovers that the perceived usefulness and data capability of researchers differ in the mediating effect of institutional dimensions on scientific research innovation.
Originality/value
Theoretically, this study contributes new knowledge on the causal links between data publication institutions and innovation. Practically, the research findings offer government data managers timely suggestions on how to build up institutions to foster greater data usage.
... The participants of our focus groups criticized the insufficient search capabilities of open data portals and struggled to identify "what data is available and where to find it". This issue is reinforced by the large amount of heterogeneous open data initiatives and portals available [1]. Additionally, open data portals often contain raw data and information is fragmented across different files [43]. ...
Open data is widely recognized for its potential positive impact on society and economy. However, many open data sets remain underutilized because users, such as civil servants and citizens, lack the necessary technical and analytical skills. Additionally, existing open data portals often fall short of providing user-friendly access to data. Although conversational agents equipped with Large Language Models have emerged as a promising solution to address these challenges, it is unclear how to design Large Language Model based open data assistants that allow users to formulate their information needs in natural language and ultimately use open data effectively. To address this gap, we undertake a Design Science Research project guided by the theory of effective use. In this first cycle of the project, we present meta-requirements and propose initial design principles on how to design a Large Language Model based open data assistant for effective use. Subsequently, we instantiate our principles in a prototype and evaluate it in a focus group with experts from a medium-sized German city. Our results contribute design knowledge in the form of design principles for open data assistants and inform future design cycles of our Design Science Research project.
... Numerous studies have been conducted on the relationship between government and opportunity. Attard, Orlandi, Scerri, and Auer (2015) showed that open government initiatives allowed stakeholders to provide feedback on government actions or collaborate in policymaking. Naresh and Reddy (2015) found that financial support from the government was an opportunity to increase the number of e-learning offerings in higher education institutions in developed countries. ...
The Halal Industry Master Plan reflects the commitment and effort of the Malaysian government to encourage private business enterprises in the halal cosmetic and personal care industry to be more competitive. The private business enterprises need a more competitive advantage to compete with international non-certificate halal cosmetic products and more capacity to export halal cosmetic and personal care products. This empirical study was conducted to test the relationship between government support programmes and the competitive advantage of private business enterprises and examine the effect of the mediating variable of business opportunity on the relationship between government and public business enterprises. Data were collected from 84 participants from the top management in private business enterprises in cosmetic and personal care products. Data were analysed by using PLS-SEM. A significant positive relationship between contractual programmes and competitive advantage was found. However, this relationship could have been more significant when business opportunity was included as a mediating variable. Meanwhile, the study found a negative relationship between relational programmes and competitive advantage. Surprisingly, the relationship between relational programmes and competitive advantage became positive when business opportunity was added to the model. This study focused only on Malaysia’s halal cosmetic and personal care industry. Future studies may be conducted in other halal sectors and other regions.
... It serves as a platform to share machine-readable datasets that cover a wide range of government activities (Valli Buttow & Weerts, 2022). These datasets, either produced by governments or under their control, encompass diverse information, including pollution/climate, education/childcare, and traffic/congestion statistics (Attard et al., 2015). ...
... Governments worldwide are among the biggest producers and collectors of data. OGD (https://www.data.gov/) is available online in various formats, primarily Word, PDF, or Excel, concerning multiple fields (economy, agriculture, education, health, etc.) (Attard et al., 2015). (Gottfried et al., 2021) The fundamental premise is that data will become more discoverable, accessible, and available in alternative formats; furthermore, diverse stakeholders will devise innovative data applications under licensing schemes that permit unrestricted reuse. ...
... The government must do more than publish OGD online to achieve the abovementioned purposes. For this reason, several procedures must be followed (Attard et al., 2015). ...
Open Government Data (OGD) is a global endeavor, a collaborative effort between governments worldwide to share datasets that encapsulate a wide spectrum of government activities, from environmental issues like pollution and climate to social aspects like education and childcare, and urban concerns like traffic and congestion, and healthcare statistics. As governments, being among the largest producers and collectors of data, are making OGD available online in diverse formats, primarily Word, PDF, or Excel, they are contributing significantly to this global initiative. The OGD initiative holds immense potential to revolutionize the way we access and use government data. Its primary objective is to enhance the discoverability, accessibility, and availability of data in alternative and preferably machine-readable formats. This, in turn, empowers a diverse set of stakeholders to develop innovative data applications under licensing schemes that permit unrestricted reuse. Despite these promising aspects, challenges such as data heterogeneity, data protection, data quality, and data provenance issues persist. This study aims to analyze and categorize these challenges and obstacles that hinder the OGD initiative from realizing its full potential, with a particular emphasis on data protection and security concerns for data providers.
... Untuk memastikan kegunaan data terbuka, penting untuk menyediakan informasi yang benarbenar relevan bagi masyarakat, seperti data tentang kependudukan, kesehatan masyarakat, lingkungan dan lainnya. Selain itu, data harus sesuai dan dapat diterapkan pada tujuan penggunaannya (Attard et al., 2015). Hal ini melibatkan pengakuan terhadap konteks data, di mana pemerintah perlu memberikan informasi yang kontekstual dan panduan yang memadai kepada masyarakat untuk memastikan partisipasi yang bermakna. ...
Demokrasi adalah fondasi dari pemerintahan yang berdasarkan pada kekuasaan rakyat, yang menempatkan warga sebagai subjek utama dalam proses pengambilan keputusan politik. Dalam era digital ini, perkembangan teknologi informasi telah membuka pintu bagi terciptanya transparansi yang lebih besar dan partisipasi yang lebih aktif dalam urusan pemerintahan. Salah satu alat yang menjadi semakin penting dalam memperkuat prinsip-prinsip demokrasi adalah Open Government Data (OGD). Dalam artikel ini, kita akan mengeksplorasi peran OGD dalam membangun demokrasi yang lebih kuat, mulai dari konsep dasar hingga implementasi praktisnya, serta dampaknya terhadap partisipasi masyarakat dan akuntabilitas pemerintah. Sejak diperkenalkan oleh Presiden Amerika Serikat Barack Obama pada tahun 2009, Open Government Data (OGD) telah menyebar ke seluruh dunia. Tujuan dari inisiatif ini adalah untuk mendorong pengawasan terhadap pemerintah dan aktivitasnya oleh pihak-pihak eksternal dengan memberikan akses yang lebih besar terhadap informasi dan meningkatkan kesempatan untuk berpartisipasi dalam proses pengambilan keputusan (Grimmelikhuijsen & Feeney, 2017). Open Government Data (OGD) mengacu pada praktik pemerintah untuk membuat data dan informasi yang dihasilkan oleh pemerintah secara umum tersedia bagi masyarakat. Data ini mencakup berbagai aspek kegiatan pemerintah, mulai dari anggaran dan pengeluaran hingga informasi lingkungan dan kesehatan publik. Tujuan utama dari OGD adalah meningkatkan transparansi, akuntabilitas, dan partisipasi warga dalam proses pengambilan keputusan pemerintah.
... Open Government Data (OGD) initiatives are at a nascent stage even after about a decade of their preliminary launch across the globe after the call made by the then US President Barack Obama in 2009 (Attard et al., 2015). Considered as an advanced stage of e-government (Neumann et al., 2022;Wirtz et al., 2023), OGD refers to the provision of datasets pertaining to the diverse domains like education, health, energy, transport, environment and the like contingent upon the involvement of the government bodies in the same for public service delivery (Ubaldi, 2013). ...
The present research seeks to rest its edifice on the proposition that the role of gender and academic background of a user in terms of the technical/liberal/hospitality and care domain impinges upon the Open Government Data (OGD) adoption and usage. Specifically, the adapted Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model is being deployed to empirically validate how the OGD usage and adoption vary among the 313 respondents in a leading private university in India in line with their academic background and gender. Findings from the study via Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) show that academic background and gender are moderating Behavioural Intention to use and adopt OGD through Performance Expectancy, Facilitating Conditions, Data Quality, System Quality, Information Quality and Trust, whilst the Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) shows that there are differences between the technical and liberal/hospitality and care cohorts in terms of their gender vis-a-vis Voluntariness of Use and System Quality vis-a-via the Behavioural Intention to adopt and use OGD.
... Transparency can be interpreted as regulations that allow the general public to have comprehensive access to data about territorial funds. In essence, it guarantees access or opportunities for everyone to obtain data about government organizations, especially data about the regulatory cycle, implementation, and achieved results (Attard et al., 2015). ...
This research investigates the influence of accountability, transparency, and community participation on the effectiveness of village fund management. This research was conducted in Cibungur, Parungponteng Subdistrict, Tasikmalaya Regency, the study adopts a quantitative approach, employing an associational research design with a sample of 100 households. Through multiple linear regression, the analysis reveals significant insights. The results indicate that accountability, transparency, and community participation individually and collectively impact the effectiveness of village fund management. Accountability exhibits a positive influence (t-value = 2.787, p-value = 0.001), as does transparency (t-value = 3.444, p-value = 0.001), while community participation also demonstrates a significant effect (t-value = -3.099, p-value = 0.003). The coefficient of determination (R²) indicates that 62.5% of the variance in village fund management effectiveness can be explained by these variables.The F-test reinforces the joint influence of transparency, accountability, and community participation, with a significant F-value of 53.392 and a p-value of 0.001. This study underscores the intricate dynamics between governance principles and community involvement for optimal village fund utilization, contributing to sustainable development and community welfare. Thus, this research not only fills knowledge gaps, but also provides a holistic view of efforts towards sustainable development and community welfare through optimizing village fund management.
... Notably, they found that the impediments identified through empirical research differed from those documented in the existing literature, providing a unique and comprehensive perspective on the challenges faced in the realm of OGD. Attard et al. [65], in 2015, conducted a thorough analysis of the existing literature, focusing specifically on the processes of data publishing and consuming within OGD initiatives. They also aimed to identify key challenges and issues that prevent these initiatives from achieving their full potential. ...
... Their categorization of data frictions overlaps significantly with the findings of our study. However, they differentiate between data quality and technical aspects, whereas, in our research, following the framework established by Attard et al. [65], these two dimensions are merged into one. ...
... Extending the concept of OGD data friction, borrowed from Edwards [19], we can speak of LOGD data friction, to define all the phenomena, both technical and social, that hinder the diffusion of LOGD. Using a bottom-up approach, the analysis of the literature allows us to systematize these phenomena following the framework proposed by Attard et al. in [65,73]. This framework identifies five dimensions that impact the creation of value through OGD, which we believe can also apply to LOGD, albeit with challenges specific to the LD paradigm, namely Technical, Organizational, Policy/Legal, Social, and Economic. ...
Linked Data (LD) principles, when applied to Open Government Data (OGD), aim to make government data accessible and interconnected, unlocking its full potential and facilitating widespread reuse. As a modular and scalable solution to fragmented government data, Linked Open Government Data (LOGD) improve citizens' understanding of government functions while promoting greater data interoperability, ultimately leading to more efficient government processes. However, despite promising developments in the early 2010s, including the release of LOGD datasets by some government agencies, and studies and methodological proposals by numerous scholars, a cursory examination of government websites and portals suggests that interest in this technology has gradually waned. Given the initial expectations surrounding LOGD, this paper goes beyond a superficial analysis and provides a deeper insight into the evolution of interest in LOGD by raising questions about the extent to which the dream of LD has influenced the reality of OGD and whether it remains sustainable.
