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This paper applies a robust optimization technique for coordinating reserve allocations in multiple-cell based power systems. The linear decision rules (LDR)-based policies were implemented to achieve the reserve robustness, and consist of a nominal power schedule with a series of linear modifications. The LDR method can effectively adapt the parti...
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Context 1
... of the very flexible connection interface of the busbars, various topologies of the system can be configured and operated. Division of the cells in the system can also be flexible and different from the one shown in Figure 3 Figure 4 shows one-cell based isolated system, which comprises a battery, a solar PV, an EV, and a mobile load. The mobile load is used for imitating a typical residential electric load profile. ...
Citations
... System design methods [1-3] Simulation concepts [4][5][6][7] Co-simulation approaches [8,9] Hardware-in-the-Loop experiments [10][11][12][13][14] Laboratory tests [15,16] Optimisation techniques [17][18][19] ...
... The authors in [17] dealt with an optimisation of the coordination of reserve allocations in multiple-cell-based power systems. The starting point was the implementation of linear decision rule (LDR)-based guidelines. ...
This Editorial provides an introduction to the Special Issue “Methods and Concepts for Designing and Validating Smart Grid Systems”. Furthermore, it also provides an overview of the corresponding papers that where recently published in MDPI’s Energies journal. The Special Issue took place in 2018 and accepted a total of 19 papers from 19 different countries.
The wave of maturing technology in the energy field on a global level, which includes both advanced energy production systems, storage devices, transport systems, as well as new metering methods from the consumer, bring to the fore a new concept of remodeled entire energy system with a future-oriented climate policy, more sustainable and more decarbonized. The present work proposes a new architectural paradigm for Smart Grids based on fractality, that represent an emerging structure of a medium voltage (MV) generation system consisting of several active low voltage (LV) networks. The control of the microgrid can be achieved in various ways, but in the work we pursued the realization of a structure arranged on several levels, ranked according to the fractal principles of organization. The optimization of the power dispatching of the multi-microgrid is presented in the improved form of a Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm, which will bring benefits of power systems operation in accordance with the cost condition of the market.
In the last 20 years, many papers and books developed to investigate and design Smart Grids have been written. Smart Grid concepts are introduced, and various models are developed that lead to highly ramified and complex schemas. Different studies have focused on specific parts of power systems regardless of Smart Grids ’ integrity, leaving all efforts at the level of prototypes or isolated model regions. Results diverge instead of converging towards a complete Smart Grid solution. In this chapter, the scope of smart grids is specified, followed by an analysis of the state of the art of the most popular smart grid concepts such as Virtual Power Plants, Microgrids, etc. A descriptive presentation of power systems and the philosophical principles underlying the book is also given.
Nowadays, there is a dramatic upsurge in the use of renewable energy resources, ICT and digitalization that requires more than the straightforward refinements of an established power system structure. New solutions are required to perform dynamic optimizations in real time, closed loops and so on, taking into account the high requirements on data privacy and cyber security. The LINK-paradigm was designed to meet these requirements. It was developed on the basis of the bottom-up method that can lead to misinterpretations or wrong conclusions. This work mainly deals with the verification of the authenticity and correctness of LINK. Fractal analysis is used to identify the unique and independent elements of smart grids required for the design of an architectural paradigm. The signature of the fractal structure, the so-called fractal pattern, is founded and referred to as electrical appliances (ElA). The latter has proven to be the key component of the architectural LINK paradigm. The definition of the LINK paradigm is finally validated: It consists of unique and independent elements that avoid misinterpretation or the need for any changes in its definition. Additionally, the fractal analysis indicates two fractal anomalies in the existing power system structure, while the fractal dimension calculation insinuates the highest complexity in the fractal level of electrical devices. The LINK-based holistic architecture is given a finishing touch. A compact presentation of the control chain strategy is provided that should facilitate its practical implementation. The basis for the harmonization of the market structure with the grid link arrangements is established. The processes of demand response and conservation voltage reduction are presented under the new findings.
