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Omphalodes verna. Cotyledon: A -cross section of leaf blade (layout); B -upper epiderm; C, D ? -lower epiderm. The first leaf: E -cross section of leaf blade (layout). Definitive leaf: cross section through the middle of the leaf blade (F) and near the midrib (I); upper epiderm (G) and lower epiderm (H). Scale bars = 150 µm (D); 100 µm (A, I); 50 µm (B, C, E, F); 20 µm (G, H).
Source publication
A comparative anatomical analysis of assimilating leaves, including cotyledons, in nine herbaceous Boraginaceae was undertaken. In their microstructural organization, a number of significant heterogeneous traits, connected with their habitats, environment, life-forms, ontogenetic and morphogenetic stages were revealed. The adaptation strategy for e...
Contexts in source publication
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... of assimilating cotyledons are fleshy (350 -380 µm thick) ( Fig. 2A), amphistomatic, pubescent on the upper side only. The pubescence is uniform throughout the entire surface, scarce, scabrous, of unicellular subulate (straight) sessile trichomes (Fig. 2D). The 'rosette' cells are poorly expressed. In paradermal sections, the adaxial epiderm cells (Fig. 2B) are elliptic in shape, elongated, their ...
Context 2
... of assimilating cotyledons are fleshy (350 -380 µm thick) ( Fig. 2A), amphistomatic, pubescent on the upper side only. The pubescence is uniform throughout the entire surface, scarce, scabrous, of unicellular subulate (straight) sessile trichomes (Fig. 2D). The 'rosette' cells are poorly expressed. In paradermal sections, the adaxial epiderm cells (Fig. 2B) are elliptic in shape, elongated, their anticlinal walls flexuous to wavy, whereas on the adaxial side these cells are flattened and elongated, with massively flexuous to wavy anticlinal walls (Fig. 2C). Stomatal complexes are ...
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... assimilating cotyledons are fleshy (350 -380 µm thick) ( Fig. 2A), amphistomatic, pubescent on the upper side only. The pubescence is uniform throughout the entire surface, scarce, scabrous, of unicellular subulate (straight) sessile trichomes (Fig. 2D). The 'rosette' cells are poorly expressed. In paradermal sections, the adaxial epiderm cells (Fig. 2B) are elliptic in shape, elongated, their anticlinal walls flexuous to wavy, whereas on the adaxial side these cells are flattened and elongated, with massively flexuous to wavy anticlinal walls (Fig. 2C). Stomatal complexes are anomocytic, less often anisocytic, the guard cells together with subsidiary cells are slightly raised above ...
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... subulate (straight) sessile trichomes (Fig. 2D). The 'rosette' cells are poorly expressed. In paradermal sections, the adaxial epiderm cells (Fig. 2B) are elliptic in shape, elongated, their anticlinal walls flexuous to wavy, whereas on the adaxial side these cells are flattened and elongated, with massively flexuous to wavy anticlinal walls (Fig. 2C). Stomatal complexes are anomocytic, less often anisocytic, the guard cells together with subsidiary cells are slightly raised above the ground epidermal cells. Stomatal apertures on both sides of the blade have no particular orientation pattern. On average, there are 26 stomata per mm 2 on the adaxial and 62 on the abaxial side. The ...
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... first leaf is found to be amphistomatic ( Fig. 2E), four times thinner than the cotyledons (80 µm), both sides of it covered by unicellular, subulate, subtended trichomes of various length. Outer tangential walls of the upper and lower epiderm cells are markedly thickened. Stomata, small in number on the adaxial side (near the tip, 10 stomata per mm 2 ), account for average 108 per mm ...
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... leaf blade in a mature (reproductive) plant is thin ( Fig. 2F), amphistomatic, with scarce pubescence of short, pressed-down, unicellular trichomes. Stomata are concentrated mainly in the abaxial epiderm, yet their density is relatively moderate; guard cells slightly raised. Ground epidermal cells are larger upwards (Fig. 2G, H). In projection, they are flattened out, their walls flexuous. ...
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... leaf blade in a mature (reproductive) plant is thin ( Fig. 2F), amphistomatic, with scarce pubescence of short, pressed-down, unicellular trichomes. Stomata are concentrated mainly in the abaxial epiderm, yet their density is relatively moderate; guard cells slightly raised. Ground epidermal cells are larger upwards (Fig. 2G, H). In projection, they are flattened out, their walls flexuous. Mesophyll dorsiventral. Palisade tissue cells are short and funnel-shaped. Spongy parenchyma consists of 4 -5 layers of lobed cells, markedly decreasing in size at the border with the lower epiderm. Palisade coefficient 40%. The midrib is of 2-3 fused vascular tissue ...
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... walls flexuous. Mesophyll dorsiventral. Palisade tissue cells are short and funnel-shaped. Spongy parenchyma consists of 4 -5 layers of lobed cells, markedly decreasing in size at the border with the lower epiderm. Palisade coefficient 40%. The midrib is of 2-3 fused vascular tissue strands, its protrusion 4 to 5 times thicker than the leaf blade (Fig. 2I). Near it, the palisade tissue zone interrupts and is replaced by colorless, thin-walled parenchyma cells, just like in case of the spongy tissue in the lower part. Lateral bundles are fully submerged in the ...
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Citations
... Species boundaries are very important to understand the taxonomy of any group of plants (Ellstrand and Schierenbeck, 2000;Liti et al., 2006;Prendergast et al., 1993). The morphological and foliar epidermal anatomy is an important tool for the identification of different plant groups (Barykina and Alyonkin, 2018;Antipin and Choob, 2019;Barykina and Alyonkin, 2019;Kalapchieva et al., 2019;Vastag et al., 2019). Thus, the main purpose of this research work is to study the anatomical characters of the selected species of Scrophulariaceae from Pakistan and to define the species boundaries and provide a key for each species based on foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics of these selected taxa. ...
The family Scrophulariaceae consists of taxonomically complex genera and species. The delimitation of the taxa within this family is always challenging. In this paper, we studied leaf epidermis anatomical characteristics and its taxonomic significance of four species belonging to four genera of the family Scrophulariaceae collected from northern Pakistan. The species were examined under light and scanning electron microscopes (LM and SEM). Qualitative and quantitative foliar epidermal anatomical features were examined for both adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Qualitative characters like epidermal cell shape, epidermal cell cover, anticlinal wall, trichomes type, stomata type and stomata position were examined. Quantitative characters like the length and width of leaf epidermis, stomata, stomatal pore, subsidiary cell and trichomes for both adaxial and abaxial surfaces were studied and measured. Stomatal index within the species and between the species was found to be different on adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Diacytic stomata and glandular trichomes on epidermis were only found in Anticharis glandulosa while rest of the taxa has anomocytic type stomata and den-droid trichomes on both surfaces. Based on the micromorphological characters, we did principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis for the species delimita-tion and identification. A taxonomic key has been provided to delimit and identify the studied taxa based on foliar epidermal characters. The aim of the present research was to elucidate the micromorphological characters to distinguish the studied taxa for taxonomic purposes.
... A unique feature of the leaf blade anatomy of this species is large cells that result from the combination of photosynthetic and water storage functions, as the species inhabits areas with saline soils (Burkovskaya, 2009). Some authors (Selvi & Bigazzi, 2001;Barykina & Alyonkin, 2018) studied the leaf anatomy of different representatives of the Boraginaceae family. However the species from the Mertensia genus are not mentioned among the study subjects. ...
The authors present the findings of a leaf blade anatomy study for the rare relict Siberian flora species Mertensia sibirica (L.) G. Don fil. (Boraginaceae). They collected samples for the study from natural habitats in Chita Region (Chikoy Range) and then planted them in the introduction area of the Siberian Botanic Garden (Tomsk) located in the southern taiga subzone of Western Siberia. The parameters of the photosynthetic and stomatal complex of M. sibirica were studied for the first time. It was found out that the rosette and cauline leaves of the species under study are hypostomatous, with an anomocytic stomatal complex. The epidermis is single-layer. On average, the adaxial epidermis has larger cells vs. abaxial epidermis. The leaf mesophyll is 242.90–369.90 µm thick, dorsiventral. The adaxial side of the leaf comprises glandular trichomes surrounded with pronounced rosettes of cells in the base part. The cauline leaf significantly differs from the rosette leaf in finer cells of its adaxial and abaxial epidermis (and, consequently, their larger number per 1 mm2), while the adaxial epidermal cells are thicker, and in a larger number of stomata in the abaxial epidermis. The palisade mesophyll in the cauline leaf is more developed vs. the rosette leaf, while the cells are longer and the palisade/spongy mesophyll ratio is higher. The rosette leaves have a more developed system of vascular tissues vs. cauline ones, as they play the main role in providing plants with water and nutrients. The contribution of the cauline leaf palisade mesophyll to the photosynthetic potential of M. sibirica is higher vs. that of the rosette leaf (the ratio between palisade and spongy mesophyll is 0.45 vs. 0.36, respectively), which characterizes the cauline leaf as more heliophytic. The stomatal complex and mesophyll parameters under study are primarily characterized by low variance. As for dermal tissue parameters, medium variance is typical of the thickness and size of the abaxial and adaxial epidermal cells. Coefficients of variation for the cells of the upper mesophyll layer (CV=31.2–41.6%) and the number of stomata on the lower epidermis of the rosette leaf (CV=21.5%) demonstrate medium and high variance. A very high coefficient of variation (116.2–174.0) is registered for the adaxial epidermis parameter characterizing the density of trichomes per 1 mm2. The study results were used to develop an optimal M. sibirica cultivation regime under conditions of introduction in the southern taiga subzone of Western Siberia.
