Table 6 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
In the literature on the migrant phenomenon in China, homeownership, city integration, and sense of happiness have all been examined, yet the synergetic relationship among these three factors has not been fully discussed. This study uses the 2012 National Dynamic Monitoring Database of Migrants created by the National Health and Family Planning Com...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... addition, the city-level control variables satisfy both the economic theory that there is a positive correlation between GDP per capita and happi- ness and a negative correlation between the number of people with hukou and the sense of happiness of migrants. Table 6 shows the impacts of the heterogeneity of migration direction and distance on the relationship between housing purchases, city integration and sense of happiness. First, migrants are divided into two subsamples according to the different migration di- rections: One is the population that migrated from less developed areas to developed areas and the other is the population that migrated from developed areas to under- developed areas. ...
Citations
... That is, compared to people whose homes were owned, those who did not own their homes were 7.14 times more likely to migrate recently. It is showed on prior research that migrants mostly choose to rent a living place in the transition period when they first arrive in a new and unfamiliar city [29]. Other research argue that it is generally difficult for people to make the decision to migrate, and that there are a variety of factors that keep some people in one location. ...
Binary logistic regression is utilized in research to understand the relationship between multiple independent variables and a binary response variable. In logistic regression modelling, parameter estimation is regarded as a vital stage. The performance of this estimation is often affected by the sample size and data characteristics, and to deal with this problem, the Bayesian method can be employed as an estimation. This research aims to use Regression Logistic with Bayesian estimation to figure out the determinant of recent in-migrants status in Special Region of Yogyakarta 2021, where Yogyakarta’s recent in-migrants in 2021 took the first position in Indonesia, whereas this city has the lowest regional minimum wage in Indonesia. The Bayesian method was used in this study to obtain a better estimate than previous studies using maximum likelihood estimation, because Bayesian is unbiased for unbalanced cases which are often found in logistic regression. This research results show that particular variables such as resident age, resident marital status, resident main activities, resident latest education, and resident homeownership have significant effect on resident migrating to Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
... The current lack of urban housing security for rural migrants in China constitutes an important barrier to their citizenization [1]. Owning a house in urban China is an important influencing factor for migrants' sense of happiness and subjective well-being [2,3]. Along with housing purchase restriction policies for rural migrants issued in most Chinese cities, the homeownership possibilities for rural migrants in their host cities are still very low. ...
... In a sense, the economic potential gain for rural migrants could be considered as ability identity or sense of gain from economic achievement in host cities, which may make rural migrants more motivated to think of ways to realize identity transformation and integrate themselves into the local society so that the economic potential gain could be ensured or even further improved in future. In the context of the household registration system in China, obtaining homeownership could be an important approach to realize identity transformation from migrant to local urban resident in the short term [2,3,5]. Thus, the probability of rural migrants' acquiring homeownership in host cities could increase when rural migrants have higher economic potential gains in these cities, whether from the point of view of objective conditions or from the perspective of subjective psychology. ...
Citizenization of rural migrants is considered as a labeling urbanization goal in developing countries. Homeownership has always been regarded as the most important cornerstone of citizenization for individuals and families in China. Despite the existence of plenty of literature on migrants’ homeownership, some critical influencing factors are still under-investigated. On the basis of the large nation-wide micro data of the China Migrant Dynamic Survey (CMDS), this study investigates the correlations among economic potential gain, income uncertainty, and rural migrants’ homeownership propensity in their host cities. The empirical results suggest that economic potential gain is positively correlated with the likelihood of rural migrants’ homeownership in their host cities, whereas there is negative association between income uncertainty and urban homeownership propensity among rural migrant households. In addition, we found that larger income uncertainty lowers the positive association between economic potential gain and rural migrants’ homeownership propensity in their host cities. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of these correlations across demographic characteristics and regions were investigated. We conclude this paper by making several suggestions, including offering a level playing field for rewarding migrants’ human capital endowment reasonably in terms of income, accelerating the hukou system reform, and eliminating institutional discrimination imposed on rural migrants to increase income stability.
... Zhu et al. [78] demonstrated that housing tenure was conducive to enhancing the social integration of the ageing pre-1970 in Beijing. Housing purchases and improving urban integration of migrants can both enhance their sense of happiness [79]. A recent study by Liu et al. [80] reported that homeownership substantially reduces the sense of relative deprivation among the migrant populations in the destination compared to the local urban residents. ...
China’s internal migrants suffer from marginalised housing conditions, poor neighbourhood environments and residential segregation, which may have significant implications on health and well-being. Echoing recent calls for interdisciplinary research on migrant health and well-being, this study examines the associations and mechanisms of the impact of the residential environment on the health and well-being of Chinese migrants. We found that most of the relevant studies supported the “healthy migration effect”, but the phenomenon was only applicable to migrants’ self-reported physical health rather than mental health. The subjective well-being of migrants is lower than that of urban migrants. There is a debate between the effectiveness of residential environmental improvements and the ineffectiveness of residential environmental improvements in terms of the impact of the neighbourhood environment on migrants’ health and well-being. Housing conditions and the neighbourhood’s physical and social environment can enhance migrants’ health and well-being by strengthening place attachment and social cohesion, building localised social capital and gaining neighbourhood social support. Residential segregation on the neighbourhood scale affects the health outcomes of migrant populations through the mechanism of relative deprivation. Our studies build a vivid and comprehensive picture of research to understand migration, urban life and health and well-being.
... The lack of a local hukou indicates that migrants would be excluded from the local social security system and from access to public services (Chan, 2009;Cui et al., 2015;Tao et al., 2015;Wu, 2004;Wu & Wallace, 2021). Third, socioeconomic conflicts are common in megacities and cause unsatisfied subjective sentiments for residents, including social inequality in access to educational sources between homeowners and renters, significant income differences, and an insufficient supply of quality public or rental housing in the housing market (Huang et al., 2020;Liu & Ma, 2021;Lu, 1998;Tao et al., 2014;Zhang et al., 2019). Thus, against these backgrounds, residential relocation from megacities and large cities to elsewhere in China has given rise to extensive scholarly attention Lin et al., 2021;Sheng & Zhao, 2021). ...
... One is the hukou-type (rural or urban) attribute, determined by an individual's place of origin; the other is locality (local or non-local), related to local administration and social benefits. Under the constraints of the hukou system, a dualistic rural-urban economy structure was consequently developed and resulted in a series of socioeconomic problems; including uneven regional development, urban income inequality, over-concentration of educational resources in urban areas, and social welfare disparities (Chan, 2009;Cui et al., 2015;Guo & Liang, 2017;Wang, 2020;Wu, 2004;Wu & Logan, 2016;Wu & Wallace, 2021;Zhang et al., 2019). To date, residents without local hukou may be excluded from local public resources, such as educational resources, public healthcare services, and housing subsidies (Chan, 2014;Chan & Zhang, 1999). ...
In China, tenants' residential relocations always present diverse spatial-temporal tendencies and are highly influenced by disadvantages of origin (push) and attractiveness of destination (pull). This paper aims to construct a relocation intention (RI) model and estimate the effects of residential push-pull factors on tenants' RIs, such as the household registration system (hukou), homeownership status, and residential dissatisfaction. The empirical research relies on a questionnaire-based survey of 2187 tenants conducted in 2019 in Beijing, China. Our findings confirm that non-local hukou status significantly pushes female and unmarried tenants to relocate, and non-local homeownership noticeably pulls male and married tenants' relocation. These two factors also significantly influence the RIs of tenants without higher education. For tenants younger than 35, non-local hukou status shows a strong pushing force, but non-local homeownership does not present notable differences by age. Additionally, residential dissatisfaction significantly pushes tenants' RIs and has a moderating effect on non-local homeownership. Moreover, for tenants who have explicit relocation intentions, non-local hukou status plays a vital role in shortening their intended stay before their actual relocation.
... A variety of housing market regulations have been successively enacted and issued since 2010, such as the HPR, which limits the number of houses a resident can buy (Zhang et al. 2019). Yu and Zhang (2017) take the announcement of HPR as a shock and find that those policies alleviate the impact of house price rises on innovation activities by curbing real estate over-investment. ...
It is ubiquitous for non-real estate firms to conduct real estate business in China. Home purchase restriction ( HPR ) affects corporate innovation by dampening the real estate investment of non-real estate firms. The extant literature has examined the impact of HPR on corporate innovation, but it has not focused on the expectation of HPR and the endogeneity problem. Employing a dataset of 1830 listed non-real estate firms over the period 2009–2016, this research explores the expectation of HPR on corporate innovation based on the motivations for real estate investment in non-real estate firms. We demonstrate that HPR facilitates the enhancement of research and development (R&D) investment in non-real estate listed firms by hindering real estate investment, particularly for non-high-tech firms. The effects of HPR arrive at the crest in the third implementation year and remain steady thereafter. The real estate investment of non-real estate firms rebounds and the R&D investment declines along with the cancellation of HPR. Tackling the selection bias and endogeneity problems, the baseline results are also robust. Hence, HPR should serve as a long-term vehicle to improving corporate innovation, in addition to preventing housing speculation.
... This adaptation process has significant effects on the well-being of migrant population. The degree of social interaction and integration of migrants in the host community are key elements to predict well-being and appropriate coexistence with native population (Nauck, 2001;Birman et al., 2002;Zhang et al., 2019). Migrants' structural integration in the education and labor systems of host countries reduce borders between groups and ethnic prejudices, in such a way that minorities which are not socio-economically integrated in host countries face more discrimination and social exclusion (Alba, 2005). ...
The discrimination migrants perceive during their adaptation process is one of the main sources of stress and it affects their well-being, health and integration severely. The present study analyses how the sense of community (SOC) can have a protective effect against the perception of discrimination and its negative consequences by verifying the following theoretical model: discrimination predicts three indicators of psychosocial well-being (psychological distress, satisfaction with life and feelings of social exclusion). Furthermore, the theoretical model proposed also considers the hypothesis that SOC has a moderating role on the effect of perceived discrimination regarding the three variables mentioned above. 1714 migrants from Eastern Europe, Africa and Latin America who live in Málaga, Spain, participated in the study. Data were collected using random-route sampling and survey methodology. After carrying out multiple regression analyses, using the PROCESS tool in SPSS 20, the theoretical model was verified: SOC reduces the negative effects of perceived discrimination for the variables psychological distress, satisfaction with life and social exclusion feelings. Therefore, migrants who have a greater SOC experience fewer negative consequences, as compared to those with a lower SOC, for whom the consequences of such variables are more negative. These results highlight the importance for migrants to rebuild social networks in the host country and develop a good SOC. Results also allow the development of intervention patterns to favor positive interactions between native population and migrants.
Studies on subjective well-being (SWB) and its influencing factors have attracted much attention during the past years. The proportion of migrant workers has reached 20% in China, but their levels of SWB are usually lower than that of local residents. To facilitate the social integration of migrant workers, it is a necessity to improve the SWB of migrant workers. The phenomena of pseudo-urbanization could be soothed accordingly in China. A large body of literature has looked into the housing types and living conditions of migrant workers, and the impacts on their SWB. However, little research has investigated the impacts of housing pathways on the SWB of migrant workers. This study aims to fill the research gap. Ordinal logistic regression was conducted using the data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). Housing pathways were significantly different among migrant workers, although many of them had housing tenure no changed (i.e., keep homeownership), housing size no changed, and no improvements in housing qualities. The improvement of housing size and housing qualities had considerably positive effects on migrant workers’ SWB. It is essential to improve housing conditions of migrant workers to increase their levels of SWB and social integration in China.KeywordsHousing pathwayMigrant workersSubjective well-being
This study investigates the toxic leadership behaviours of school principals. It used a qualitative research model. Data were acquired based on interviews with 55 teachers from six school districts spanning diverse educational levels in Kuwait. The coding and data analysis process revealed that 45% (n = 25) of the participants considered their principals to be toxic leaders. In addition, the results confirmed that toxic leadership practices fall into four main groups: human relations skills, authoritarian leadership, management skills, and professional ethics. From these four groups, nine themes emerged as the most prominent toxic leadership practices.
