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![Oil production and consumption for the Middle East in millions of tonnes from 1980 to 2017 [30].](publication/345338941/figure/fig4/AS:975993372164107@1609706361537/Oil-production-and-consumption-for-the-Middle-East-in-millions-of-tonnes-from-1980-to.png)
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The tension of the state of decentralized power supply systems in the northern regions, including the Arctic zones, has always been determined by the specific features of their geographical location and the functioning of the economy, which in themselves generate a number of local energy security risks. Nevertheless, both modern and retrospective a...
This paper aims to investigate the responsiveness of renewable energy production (REP) to fluctuations in geopolitical risks, oil prices and economic policy uncertainty (EPU). It applies a cross-quantilogram framework to examine monthly data of the US economy for the period of 1986-2022. The findings illustrate the asymmetric effect of historical g...
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... When a country or state achieves this state, it is considered to be energy secure. Energy security is a positive driver of economic growth as it boosts all energy users (Ayoo, 2020;Bran et al., 2012;Farah, 2020;Labandeira and Manzano, 2012). The primary source (petroleum) for energy production seems to be inefficient in meeting current H 2 : As reflected in the ED index, economic growth, GCF, the LF, and globalization are significant determinants of energy security, which influence the extent of a nation's ED and energy security. ...
Global energy security is a growing worldwide concern in the presence of high economic policy uncertainty (EPU) that can be addressed by advancing sustainable energy diversification (ED) practices. Energy security can be estimated by combining ED and EPU indices; hence, this study uses a dataset covering three continents and 26 countries from 1995 to 2023 to measure energy security employing this approach. The study employs quantile regression and panel data analysis, finding a positive relationship between EPU and ED. The results reveal that when EPU increases, the spectrum of energy sources declines, negatively impacting energy security. Other factors of globalization, Gross Domestic Product, gross capital formation, and the labor force also have an impact on the spectrum of energy sources. To obtain a sustainable level of ED, policymakers should increase investment in gross capital formation because economic growth and openness via pro-global policies have less impact on ED. This study also demonstrates that labor capital shifts have a significant effect on ED. The quantitative results reveal the importance of clear and precise economic policies for increasing investment in carbon-free energy security.
... Moreover, GPR may disrupt global clean energy initiatives and sustainable development endeavors as geopolitical events can divert government focus from managing energy markets and enforcing environmental regulations, due to the urgency of addressing external threats (Zhao et al., 2021). For instance, the geopolitical imperative of securing stable oil supplies has become a top priority for military departments in rapidly developing countries like China, Russia, India, and Brazil, which is crucial not only for defense but also for daily life (Ayoo, 2020). As market competition drives up oil prices, oil security becomes closely related to GPR, and oil consumption inevitably leads to carbon and pollution emissions (Adams et al., 2020). ...
The impact of geopolitical conflict on natural resource condition, under the lens of national power heterogeneity, is a burgeoning area of research. Previously, scholars predominantly utilized CO2 as a representative indicator for environmental degradation, however, this simplistic approach falls short in explaining the intricate dynamics leading to ecological deficits. In this article, we adopt a more comprehensive indicator, natural resource condition , to better depict the state of environmental degradation for investigative purposes. We employ a double fixed-effects model to investigate the effect of geopolitical conflict on the condition of natural resources, and integrate several proxy indicators of national power to undertake moderating effect and heterogeneity analyses. Our research demonstrates that geopolitical conflict significantly deteriorates a country's natural resource condition, resulting in either a decrease in ecological surplus or an increase in ecological deficit. Additionally, it is found that strengthening a country's overall power can alleviate this adverse impact. The significant influence of this moderating effect is verified through multiple heterogeneity tests differentiated by economic power. More specifically, countries with potent economic power appear to be less affected by geopolitical conflict on their natural resource condition, whereas those with weaker economic power experience more severe negative impacts. Our findings contribute to a broader understanding of the impact of geopolitical conflict on the environment and provide valuable insights for developing countries aiming to alleviate the deterioration of their natural resource condition from a geopolitical perspective.
... Despite the listed problems, it is expected that in the coming decades, oil and gas will remain important components of world energy demand, especially in the transport sector [4]. However, energy systems structured in this way are a large source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases, so the decarbonization of the energy industry is becoming a key element of global policy on climate change [5,6]. 2 of 15 Of all existing sources of energy, electricity occupies a leading position in meeting the needs of households, industry and ordinary consumers. To effectively solve the problems of excessive energy demands, reliable ways of storing it are required. ...
The present work reports the results of a systematic study on the evolution of the morphological properties of porous carbons derived from coffee waste using a one-pot potassium-hydroxide-assisted process at temperatures in the range of 400–900 °C. Raw materials and obtained carbons were studied by TG, DTG, SEM and nitrogen adsorption porosimetry. The decomposition temperature ranges for hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin as the main component of the feedstock have been established. It is shown that the proposed method for the thermochemical treatment of coffee waste makes it possible to obtain activated carbon with a controllable pore size distribution and a high specific surface area (up to 1050 m2/g). A comparative study of the evolution of the distribution of pore size, pore area and pore volume has been carried out based on the BJH and NL-DFT (slit-like pores approximation) methods. The fractal dimension of the obtained carbons has been calculated by Frenkel–Halsey–Hill method for single-layer and multilayer adsorptions.
... This is the main reason why most of the energy systems transition scenarios around the world show that PV technology will be one of the main pillars of energy supply in the future [23][24][25]. However, in addition to the socioeconomic benefits that these technologies can generate, several countries, such as the United States of America [27], China [28], Japan [29] or those belonging to the European Union [30], are increasingly focusing their efforts on diversifying electricity generation, using, among others, PV technology, with the aim of achieving energy security [31]. This is mainly due to geopolitical risks caused by the limited availability of cheap fossil resources that can meet the growing demand and guarantee access to energy services in a reliable and affordable way. ...
Several countries are focusing their efforts on diversifying electricity generation to promote the transition towards a sustainable low-carbon energy system through the strategic development of the value chains related to renewable energy industries. In this way, the development of a national industry that helps to ensure a clean and affordable electricity supply and that also generates important socio-economic benefits, has gained relevance worldwide. This article proposes a methodology and economic model that considers technological progress and economies of scale to analyze a potential upstream development and integration of the value chain of the photovoltaic industry in Mexico. The results show that the upstream development of a national photovoltaic industry is financially viable and sustainable, and with which the national demand for photovoltaic technology could be satisfied by 76% and imports reduced by 47%, both compared to a reference scenario. This enables the generation of more than 447,000 jobs and an added value of more than 12,000 M USD. This would increase the national value content to 89% by 2040 and contribute to the national goal of generating 35% of its electricity through clean energy technologies, fulfilling the commitment established in its nationally determined contributions. Furthermore, it would enable the transition towards a sustainable energy future in Mexico.
... In particular, classic and new mining technologies, including environmentally attractive and energy-saving ones are being modernized to increase the productivity of oil and gas fields [14][15][16]. However, an energy system designed in this way is the single largest source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases; therefore, it is no surprise that decarbonizing the supply of energy services is a key element of climate change policy [17]. ...
A systematic study of the influence of synthesis conditions on the structural, morphological, and electrical properties, as well as the electrochemical performance of hemp fiber-derived carbon materials was performed. An analysis of the capacitive response of carbons obtained under various activation conditions with additional treatment with HNO3 and annealing was completed. The contribution of the formation of an electrical double layer at the outer electrode–electrolyte interface, as well as on surfaces inside micropores, has been studied and analyzed in terms of the effect of the turbostratic carbon properties (average lateral size of graphite crystallites, pore size distribution, BET surface area).
... Energy efficiency here relates to measuring the relationship between energy input and output through comparisons (Türkoğlu & Kardogan, 2017). Energy efficiency and conservation are important instruments to stem the growth of energy demand, provide cost savings for households and companies due to reduced energy use, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, thus acting as an essential element of international policies addressing pollution, global warming, and depletion of fossil fuels (Ayoo, 2020;Brounen et al., 2013). ...
Energy plays a strategic role in human life today. In this case, energy is an interdisciplinary concept from the concepts of science and the environment to global social problems. One aspect of energy development is energy conservation, where efficient and rational use of energy is carried out without reducing energy use performance. To increase public awareness and participation on energy issues, especially those related to energy conservation, it is necessary to increase knowledge about energy in the wider community, one of which is through energy literacy. This is because knowing energy will empower people to make wise decisions and take responsible action regarding energy use. Energy literacy here can be obtained through formal and informal education. This study investigates the condition of energy literacy in Indonesian society in general through a sampling method, and it is found that the level of energy literacy in Indonesian society is on a moderate scale, but it is still not enough to reach the expected level of energy literacy, while the energy literacy level is less. Energy literacy and energy conservation will also be increasingly hampered. Therefore, it is hoped that an increase in education or energy literacy related to formal and non-formal education so that people are more familiar with and apply energy conservation in their daily lives.
... Finally, according to Ayoo and Taner [49]; infrastructure is crucial for developing energy security. Constraints of infrastructure may cause shortage of energy supply and also induce price changes, which contributing towards the energy security. ...
... Lastly, we focus on the impact of infrastructure on energy security. According to Ayoo and Taner [49]; infrastructure is crucial for developing energy security. Constraints of infrastructure may cause shortage of energy supply and also induce price changes, which contributing towards the energy security. ...
The primary objective of this study is to scrutinize the linkage between technological advancement and energy security in the presence of global uncertainty, financial development, globalization, international cooperation in the form of trade and infrastructure for the panel set of the newly industrialized countries. This paper contributes to the empirical literatures by using robust econometric techniques and the main estimation technique employed is cross sectional autoregressive distributed lag model (CS-ARDL). A battery of robustness tests is further put to use to test the underlying model specifications. To explore the causality nexus, the [1] panel causality test is also employed. The long-run estimation results reveal that technological advancement reduces the risk associated with energy security. But world uncertainty induces energy security risk. Furthermore, financial development and globalization affect energy security risk negatively. The causality test results demonstrate bidirectional causality between financial development and energy security, international cooperation and energy security, uncertainty and financial development, international cooperation and financial development, infrastructure and financial development. The empirical outcomes from this study offer salient aspects for designing policy strategy on energy security in the newly industrialized countries against the backdrop of attainment of the sustainability goals.
... Remote communities are also seeing a compounding of crises, as the present health crisis further stresses already susceptible energy systems (Brosemer et al., 2020;Rasolt, 2020;Riley, 2020). This rising awareness of energy justice along with regard for sustainability and increasing interest in redefining energy security are resulting in the introduction of more holistic definitions (Chester, 2010;Sovacool, 2011;Ang et al., 2015;Karanasios and Parker, 2018;Ayoo, 2020). ...
To those living in Churchill, Manitoba, having power means much more than being able to turn on the lights. Using Churchill as a case study, we examine how local context can improve the suitability of energy security definitions for communities in northern Canada. Churchill is an isolated northern municipality with no road access but is connected to the electrical grid. Energy consumption data were collected from utility providers and organized into a community energy profile. Semi-structured interviews (n = 23) and a community workshop (n = 12) identified challenges, opportunities, and a vision for Churchill's energy system. High per capita energy consumption, especially of transportation (jet fuel) and heat (electricity and propane) sources dominate Churchill's energy profile. The reliance on air travel and need for heating are realities that define energy systems in the North. Participants expressed desire for increased use of renewables and improved energy efficiency. Churchill is reliant on external sources of power and there is a need for agency and local decision making. Jurisdictional realities and the community's desire for consideration of local context mean energy security definitions should take a regional approach. Recognizing these findings, we propose a new definition of energy security that fits the circumstances and desires of Churchill and the North.
... The most severe of these responsibilities is the burden of contributing more than 90% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to fossil energy use [9], this could be obviously observed during COVID19 pandemic from transportation means [10][11][12]. The use of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) has to be limited in the twentyfirst century, it has not been mandatory only because of its dwindling reserves, but the major worries motivating it has been severe environmental ramifications [13,14]. Due to this reason, alternative fuel sources should be sustainable, green, conveniently available, ecologically friendly, and affordable [15][16][17][18][19]. ...
The aviation sector has been one of the most significant contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; there is an urgent need to transition from traditional fossil-based jet fuel to sustainable aviation fuel to meet net-zero targets by 2030. The use of renewable aviation fuel may be regarded as the most effective option for reducing GHG emissions in the aviation sector while allowing for long-term growth. In this study, the microalgae oil was transformed to develop hydrocarbons with the boiling point range of jet fuel. Following the transesterification of algal oil fatty acids to algal oil methyl ester, fractional distillation was carried out. The Box-Behnken technique was used to design experiments for efficient resource utilization by minimizing the number of tests during transesterification. The quantitative relationship function between input (molar ratio of methanol to oil, catalyst concentration, and temperature) and % yield of methyl ester as an output of the process was developed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ANFIS (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) was utilized to develop a prognostic model with good prediction effectiveness. MORSM (multi-objective response surface methodology) was also used to build a prediction model using correlations. A set of statistical indicators and Theil's U2 were used to examine the prediction efficacy and model uncertainty of ANFIS and MORSM. On both statistical indices and Theil's U2, the ANFIS-based model outperformed. To get the best results, the desirability approach was used to improve operating parameters. According to the desirability approach, the best operating parameters were catalyst concentration at 2.09%, methanol to oil ratio at 9.17%, and temperature at 60.49 • C, which resulted in the greatest yield of 91%.
... Secondly, many countries aim to achieve the goal of energy security for the smooth functioning of their economies and easy access of their people to modern and clean energy supplies (Ayoo 2020). Economic, social, and human well-being depends on the production of goods which further depend on the availability of energy (Bompard et al. 2017). ...
Environmental degradation is frequently cited as one of the eminent issues in the modern era. To limit environmental degradation, prior literature discerns several macroeconomic, socio-economic, and institutional factors that affect environmental degradation. However, the relationship between geopolitical risk and environmental degradation is understudied in the previous literature. To fill this gap, the inquiry at hand aims to scrutinize the influence of geopolitical risk on environmental degradation for E7 countries while controlling the effect of renewable energy, non-renewable energy, and GDP. Further, we utilize both the ecological footprint and CO2 emissions as proxies of environmental degradation and employ second-generation panel methods for robust findings. In addition to this, the present study uses augmented mean group (AMG) estimator to provide long-run relationship among the selected variables. The findings from the AMG estimator expound that there exists environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for E7 countries. Moreover, renewable energy ameliorates environmental quality because it plunges both ecological footprint and CO2 emissions. On the contrary, non-renewable energy consumption escalates both ecological footprint and CO2 emissions. Finally, geopolitical risk tends to decrease CO2 emissions as well as ecological footprint. Our findings deduce a few policy implications to replenish environmental quality. For instance, the share of renewables in the energy mix should be surged to ameliorate the environmental quality. Further, to control both the geopolitical risk and environmental degradation at the same time, policymakers should put forward reforms and initiatives (e.g., policies to escalate R&D, technological innovations, and tax exemptions on imports of renewables) that can help to improve environmental quality without affecting geopolitical risk. At times of low geopolitical risk, environmental degradation will surge; therefore, the rate of environmental control taxes should be increased by the policymakers.
