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Dans le but d'évaluer la qualité de l'eau consommée dans la localité de Dschang et son impact sur la santé des consommateurs, une étude typologique des ressources en eau, des usages, des facteurs de risques de pollution ainsi que celle des maladies récurrentes a été menée sur la base des enquêtes. La caractérisation physicochimique et microbiologiq...
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... These temperatures fall within a reasonable range and do not exceed 25°C, which is a positive sign for mitigating the risk of pollution. The conclusions align with previous research findings by Nguefack et al. (2018) highlighting the importance of temperature in assessing water source vulnerability. The observed temperature range supports the overall health of the water sources. ...
... These temperatures fall within a reasonable range and do not exceed 25°C, which is a positive sign for mitigating the risk of pollution. The conclusions align with previous research findings by Nguefack et al. (2018) highlighting the importance of temperature in assessing water source vulnerability. The observed temperature range supports the overall health of the water sources. ...
Ensuring high water quality in Algeria, particularly in Annaba, is crucial for the well-being of its population and the sustainable development of its diverse ecosystems. The study focuses on the Cheffia Dam, Oued El Aneb, and Treat boreholes as crucial sources of drinking water. The water quality index (WQI) is used to assess water quality based on various physico-chemical parameters. The research spans from January to December 2021, analyzing 16 parameters, such as temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, and iron, this results in a total of 36 samples and 576 analyses. Principal component analysis (PCA) is employed to delve into interrelationships between variables, revealing distinct characteristics for each site. This study, the first of its kind, provides a comprehensive 1-year evaluation of water quality in Annaba. The collected data serve as a valuable resource for future water management decisions, highlighting both temporal and spatial variations. The current study indicates that the analysis of water parameters, adherence to standards, and the application of WQI reveal that the water sources are generally good quality throughout the year with excellent water quality in autumn. However, challenges such as elevated turbidity in Cheffia dam water necessitate targeted interventions.
... The temperature values vary between 23.5 and 27.5° Celsius (°C) respectively in the waters of the N'Djili river and that of source number 2. The guide value of the water temperature intended for human use according to the World Health Organization being 25°C temperature, but given that the study area is located in a tropical climate, this temperature is permitted as long as it is below 30°C. Other works published respectively in 2018 and 2020 present temperature values with an average of 20.24 and 22.49 °C [16,17]. ...
Background: Water has an important place in the life of human beings. Regardless of the uses of water, water intended for human consumption must be clean. Despite the fact that the catchments of this water are chemically and microbiologically polluted. The objective of this study is to evaluate the interactions between types of water including that intended for human consumption in the city of Kinshasa. Methods: Our analytical and experimental study based on laboratory analysis which was carried out over a period of approximately one month (the month of September 2023) while respecting a certain number of steps. This involves geo-environmental investigation, geographic location, collection and analysis of samples as well as interpretation of the results. Results: After our chemical analyses, we found that the pH of the water is very acidic, the turbidity of the water analyzed is normal, the conductivity is below normal as well as the permanganate index, nitrites and chlorides. Phosphate and nitrates exceed the normal value. Bacteriological analyzes show the development of colonies with the presence of total and fecal coliforms and Escherichia Coli. Conclusion: The results of the analyzes showed that the water is contaminated and polluted chemically and biologically by chemicals (through the abusive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides which release nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorine) coming from the activities agricultural and livestock farming.
... Ajeagah and Fotseu (2019) revealed that the environmental forms of intestinal helminths are present in some marshy areas in Yaoundé. A study conducted by Nguefack et al. (2018) on the drinking water of the locality of Dschang revealed that both tap, well, spring and borehole water are highly contaminated with Streptococci and Fecal coliforms. The bacteriological analysis of the groundwater of the city of Douala has shown that the deep groundwater is of good quality, while the surface groundwater contains Total coliforms, coliforms and Fecal streptococci (Njueya et al., 2012). ...
Many studies have shown that the use of plant materials in improving water quality has a great potential in improving the well-being of mankind. Cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaf, pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaf, boiled / unboiled ash from plant materials and camphor are water treatment materials that have been reported to display broad-spectrum activities that promote and improve the quality of water by improving the colour, taste, odour, and the reduction in microbial level in contaminated water. Total coliform, faecal coliform, E. coli, Enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and total heterotrophic bacteria) and physicochemical parameters (Conductivity, turbidity, odour, pH, and total dissolved solids) were analysed. The results indicated that all the water sources were contaminated both physically and biologically before the application of the cassava, pawpaw leaves, and boiled / unboiled ash from plant materials and camphor. There was a reduction in the biological load of the water, which were even lower than the World Health Organisation (WHO) standards after the application of the treatments. Boiled ash (plant source) after the treatment was superior compared to all the other treatment methods as all the physicochemical parameters measured in the water were effectively reduced to WHO standards. This tends to show that the use of plants and plant parts will be a cost-effective way of improving water quality for consumption.KeywordsIndigenous treatmentQuality waterWater treatmentPlant material
... Ajeagah and Fotseu (2019) revealed that the environmental forms of intestinal helminths are present in some marshy areas in Yaoundé. A study conducted by Nguefack et al. (2018) on the drinking water of the locality of Dschang revealed that both tap, well, spring and borehole water are highly contaminated with Streptococci and Fecal coliforms. The bacteriological analysis of the groundwater of the city of Douala has shown that the deep groundwater is of good quality, while the surface groundwater contains Total coliforms, coliforms and Fecal streptococci (Njueya et al., 2012). ...
This chapter examines how traditional beliefs and values attached to natural resources translate to indigenous techniques of water management in Osun River among the people of Osogbo. Osogbo draws its identity from oral tradition created from the Osun River, through the deification of the river by the first settlers of the city. The combined effect of the cultural construction of the Osogbo identity and deification of the river reflects on the preservation and protection of the Osun River. Being a deified space, various indigenous strategies such as cultural restrictions, moral taboos and spirituality are engaged in the preservation and management of Osun River. While the grooves become a global treasure attracting yearly pilgrimage and regular tourism to Osogbo, the Osun spirituality further establishes a link among different nations whose nationals often perform pilgrimage to the Osun River in its Osogbo spot. In addition to being a tourist Centre, local custodians further strengthened the preservation of the river by employing indigenous strategies. Thus, in conclusion, the chapter explains that by using indigenous knowledge of preservation and protection of values in the management of Osun water, the Osun River and its grooves in Osogbo become global cultural heritage.KeywordsTraditional beliefsOsun riverHealing potentialsPreservationSouthwest Nigeria
... The levels of fecal pollution indicators (FC and FS) Karbasdehi et al., 2017). These pathogens are likely to cause gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhea, dysentery, urinary tract infections and peritonitis (Nguefack et al., 2018). They can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route (ingestion of water) or by contact with the skin and mucous membranes (Festy et al., 2003). ...
... The levels of fecal pollution indicators (FC and FS) Karbasdehi et al., 2017). These pathogens are likely to cause gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhea, dysentery, urinary tract infections and peritonitis (Nguefack et al., 2018). They can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route (ingestion of water) or by contact with the skin and mucous membranes (Festy et al., 2003). ...
The increase in anthropogenic pressure and microbial discharges into the Marchica lagoon requires continuous studies to assess the quality of water and sediments. The seasonal and spatial variations in bacterial levels in samples of seawater and sediments of the Marchica lagoon, collected monthly from January to December 2018 from six different locations, were investigated. The physico-chemical parameters of seawater were measured simultaneously during the sampling of bacterial loads to evaluate the correlation between abiotic factors and bacterial indicators. Bacterial loads were cultured on selective media and estimated as the number of colony-forming units for water and sediment samples. The seasonal variations significantly affected (P < 0.05) the concentrations of fecal coliforms (FC) and fecal streptococci (FS) in seawater as well as in sediments. The highest bacterial population were recorded in autumn/winter and the lowest values were observed in summer. Regarding the spatial distribution, fecal indicator bacteria are significantly higher (P < 0.05) at the Bou-Areg site (S5) than other stations which were attributed to the discharge of poorly treated sewage and the animal faeces used as fertilizer for agriculture. The bacterial populations were larger in sediment samples than in seawater. Temperature and salinity were negatively correlated with fecal indicators (FC and FS). Overall, this study shows that there is low risk for human health, based upon international guidelines regarding seawater quality. These results provide an understanding of the variations of abundance and persistence of bacterial indicators in seawater and sediment of the Marchica Lagoon. Résumé : Variations spatio-temporelles de la flore bactérienne des eaux côtières et des sédiments de la lagune de Marchica (nord Maroc). L'augmentation de la pression anthropique et des rejets microbiens dans la lagune de Marchica nécessite des études continues pour évaluer la qualité des eaux et des sédiments. Les variations saisonnières et spatiales des niveaux bactériens de l'eau de mer et des sédiments de la lagune de Marchica, collectés mensuellement de janvier à décembre 2018 dans six sites différents ont été étudiés. Les paramètres physico-chimiques de l'eau de mer ont été mesurés simultanément lors de l'échantillonnage des charges bactériennes pour évaluer la corrélation entre les facteurs abiotiques et les indicateurs bactériens. Les bactéries ont été cultivées sur des milieux sélectifs et estimées par le nombre d'unités de colonies formées pour les
A study on the quality of the water consumed and on the determinants of the prevalence of typhoid fever was
carried out in two health zones (Kadutu and Miti-Murhesa) of the province of south Kivu from June to
September 2021.The study aimed at contributing to the advancement of scientific knowledge that can be used in
the control of water-borne disease crisis such as typhoid fever in rural areas of the DRCongo. The study carried
out was of the analytical cross-sectional type with primary data collected from field using a semi-structured
questionnaire. Water samples were collected and analyzed for bacteriological and physicochemical quality
using standard procedures. The generalized linear model (GLM) with Gaussian identity model and or with a
logarithmic link function, was applied to investigate socio-economic and environmental factors likely
influencing the knowledge of respondents about the causes and health consequences of the current prevalence of
typhoid fever in the health zones of Kadutu and Miti-Murhesa.
The results indicated that the greater majority of the respondents did not perceive the water they drink as
possible source of diseases. In rural health zones, sanitary condition was generally poor, refuse disposal and
toilet system still primitive. Most households from rural health zone do not treat the water they drink as they were using open and unprotected toilet systems, which Included open pit toilet, bush method, or use of lake/river
banks. Urban communities with that had better social and economic facilities were less exposed to risks of
typhoid fever, particularly during early rains of the rainy season.
There were significant differences (p<0.05) between the sites (health zone) as to the level of knowledge of the
type of water consumed and its influence on the prevalence of typhoid fever. There was significant (P<0.05)
variability in the values of the physico-chemical properties of the water consumed in the surveyed health zones,
although values were in conformity with WHO standards for the Africa for potable water. Germs isolated in the
water samples indicated bacterial pollution of water consumed by the public in the two health zones. The
causative germ of typhoid fever was found being influenced by the sources where the samples were collected. In
the Kadutu health zone, the level of knowledge of respondents of the determinants of the prevalence of the
typhoid fever was positively influenced by the age (GLM : Z= 3.33, P<0.001), negatively influenced by the
type of health zone where the respondent lived (GLM : Z= -4.94, P<0.001), the respondent’s neighborhood of
residence environment (GLM : Z= -3.78, P<0.001), the sex (GLM : Z= -3.53, P<0.001), the level of study
(GLM : Z= -3.69, P<0.05), and to the fact that the respondent does or not wash the containers (GLM : Z= -4.45,
P<0.001).. In the Miti-Murhesa health zone, the perception of the factors that determine the prevalence of
typhoid fever was reported for being influenced negatively by whether or not to consume the food prepared a
day before (GLM : Z= -4.32, P<0.05), and positively influenced by the civil status (GLM : Z= 2.11, P<0.05), the
type of water consumed (GLM : Z= 2.82, P<0.001), the type of treatment applied to the drinking water (GLM :
Z= 3.20, P<0.001). Overall, the result showed that the proposed water by the national water corporation
company (REGIDESO) for human consumption was in the process of degradation. The results showed that the
mean values recorded for physico-chemical parameters among the domestic water sources were within stipulated
limits of WHO for safe drinking water, but not within REGIDESO standards. Due to the levels of microbes in
the water, the water quality used by the population can be regarded as of poor quality. Thus, important measures
should be taken by the health authorities to slow down the current process on order to reduce the future
emergency and burden of the of water-borne diseases in rural and urban areas of South-Kivu, eastern DRCongo.
Harvesting and storage methods of drinking water at home may constitute a health risk to the population. The present study aims to establish the availability and quality status of water used to supply households in Cameroon and to identify the storage methods of this vital resource. The study has been done based on a bibliographical synthesis and field surveys. The consulted studies show that 72.4% of Cameroonians must travel a more or less long distance to reach the water point. Like previous research, the field study reveals that the main source of drinking water supply is borehole (25.3% of the global population and 62% of the population of Yaounde VII). It also reveals that the main means of water storage in the country are bottles, jery cans, clay pots, covered and uncovered buckets. The harvesting as so as the storage habits of waters are very often linked to the frequency of diarrheal diseases in the study area. Thus, In Yaounde VII, consumers of spring water get more often ill regardless of their method of water storage (93.3% of that population); Camwater water consumers suffer more from diarrheal diseases than borehole water consumers (23.1% of that population) and families who store water in 1–1.5 l bottles did not develop any diarrheal diseases within the last 4 weeks.
L’eau est indispensable pour satisfaire les besoins domestiques et alimentaires, mais sa disponibilité permanente est une préoccupation réelle en milieu urbain notamment dans les quartiers défavorisés des pays en développement. Le manque d’eau et la qualité de celle-ci exposent les populations particulièrement les enfants aux maladies hydriques. L’objectif de ce travail est d’identifier les différentes sources d’approvisionnement en eau et d’évaluer la perception de la qualité de l’eau et son impact sur la santé par les populations de la commune des Parcelles Assainies de Dakar. La méthodologie adoptée dans cette étude est basée sur une enquête qui a consisté à administrer aux ménages un questionnaire pré-validé. La méthode des quotas a permis de sélectionner 400 ménages répartis dans les différents quartiers de la commune. Les résultats indiquent que 82,3 % de la population de la commune s’approvisionnent avec l’eau du robinet et 70,5 % utilisent des pompes manuelles en cas de coupure d’eau. L’eau du robinet sert essentiellement de boisson (73 %) et celle des pompes manuelles pour la douche, le linge et les travaux ménagers. La majorité de la population (56 %) trouve que la qualité de l’eau est moyennement bonne, 24 % indiquent qu’elle est bonne et 20 % considèrent qu’elle est mauvaise. L’odeur est le paramètre organoleptique le plus utilisé par la population (68 %) pour apprécier la qualité de l’eau suivi du goût (63 %) et de la couleur (62 %). Cette situation justifie le traitement de l’eau à domicile avant usage avec l’eau de javel (66,7 %), de comprimés désinfectant Aquatabs® (32,2 %), la filtration et la décantation (21,9 %). Par ailleurs, 75 % des enquêtés trouvent que la fréquence des maladies diarrhéiques chez les enfants est liée à la qualité de l’eau. L’analyse des résultats montre une diversité des sources d’approvisionnement liée au manque de moyens économiques associés aux fréquentes coupures d’eau du robinet, une mauvaise perception de la qualité de l’eau et une fréquence élevée de maladies liée à l’eau chez les enfants.
