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Aims: To determine frequency, visibility and gender variation of
pterygomaxillary fissure, incisive foramen, mental foramen, mandibular canal,
anterior loop of mental nerveand elongated styloid process in different age groups.
Materials and methods: The study was conducted in 200 ortopantomographs
(OPG) which was taken using digital Sirona machine....
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... it is critical to determine the location and configuration of the mandibular canal (MC) and related anatomical structures so these types of damages can be minimized [4] . The mental canal (Figure 2) which rises from the mandibular canal and runs outward, upward and backward to open at the mental foramen has an anatomical variation called anterior loop (Figure 3). Prevalence of the anterior loop is quite variable in literature, occurring in between the range of 28% and 71% [5] . ...
Context 2
... examining the posterior wall of the sinus, we also look at the zygomatic process of the maxilla and pterygomaxillary fissure (Figure 2). These are thin radiopaque lines produced by these structures which run roughly parallel to the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus, and may be confused with it. ...
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Citations
... In another study done by Basappa et al. 10 they found the visibility of this foramen to be 25% in panoramic images which is lesser compared to our study using both the techniques. So for academic purpose to show the incisive foramen to students we can rely on intraoral periapical radiographs (paralleling over bisecting) rather than to opt for an OPG or a CBCT which are more expensive than cheaper intraoral radiographs. ...
Background: Intraoral periapical radiographs are reported to show the incisive foramen as a typical anatomical landmark. In order to assess the visibility of the incisive foramen in the bisecting angle and paralleling angle approaches, as well as how visible it is in routine periapical radiographs, the current study was conducted. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study evaluated 90 intraoral periapical radiographs of maxillary central incisors. These were scored for visibility of incisive foramen by a radiographic expert using two intraoral radiographic techniques. The data was entered in Microsoft Office Excel sheet 2007 and calculated using SPSS version 20. Results: In both the paralleling and bisecting radiographs, the incisive foramen could be seen in a total of 63.8% and 36.2% of the images, respectively. Conclusions: The dentist must have a thorough awareness of how the incisive foramen appears on standard intraoral radiographs. Our research demonstrates that when compared to the bisecting angle technique, the paralleling technique delivers superior visibility of the incisive foramen. Therefore, it is recommended to use the paralleling technique approach to see the foramen.
... Both of which seen in more than 90% cases which is similar with the study of Jacobs et al. 5 In another study mandibular canal and mental foramen were identified in 86% and 66% cases respectively which is lesser than our findings. 10 Mandibular foramen was identified in 87.5% cases in our study which is slightly less than other studies. 5,11 Anterior loop of mental nerve is the most important structure in this observation. ...
Background: Panoramic view of radiograph or Orthopantomogram (OPG) is useful in the aspect of surgery
done in the mandible, as many visible landmarks can be found in a single tomographic image. Objectives: To
evaluate the visibility of anatomical structures of the mandible in OPG and to determine the relationship of age and
gender with this. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study and was conducted in dental OPD of
Noakhali General Hospital from January 2019 to June 2019, a six-month period. Data were analyzed by SPSS
version 20. Results: A Total of 272 OPGs were examined of patients (female 165, male107), having an age range
of 7-90 years. Here highest visible structure was the mandibular canal (about 97.4%) followed by mental foramen
and mandibular foramen, where visibility was 92.3% and 87.5% respectively. Anterior loop of the mental nerve and
incisive canal were seen in 33.5% and 31.6% cases respectively. Only in 15.1% OPG, lingual foramen was
visible. There is no significant relationship between gender and the visibility of structures (p>0.05). Age and
visibility of landmarks showed significant relation only in the case of mental foramen and the mandibular canal
(p<0.05). Conclusion: Panoramic view or orthopantomogram is very efficient to detect many anatomic points
in adults.
... These results were higher than our results; the reason for this may be that our sample size was higher. Basappa et al. (10) reported that the mental foramen showed good visibility in 77%, and the mandibular canal was visible in 74%. The present study found higher results, likely because Basappa et al. had a smaller sample size than we did. ...
Objective: Mandibular canal, mandibular foramen, mental foramen and insisiv canal are so important anatomical structures for dental surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the visibility of these important landmarks in different age groups and to compare the visibility in dentulous group with edentulous group on panoramic radiographs. Methods: The panoramic radiographs of 500 patients (237 males; 263 females; mean age; 39.2) were evaluated for this study. The visibility of anatomical landmarks were analyzed in the radiographs and scores were noted. The data obtained in this study were analyzed by SPSS 21 package program. The value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 500 radiographs, mandibular canal, mandibular foramen, mental foramen and incisive canal was visible in 89.8%, 88%, 80.6% and 12.8%, respectively. 23 (4.6%) patients had total tooth loss. The visibility of the anatomical landmarks was observed in groups below 25 years old. Conclusion: Panoramic radiographs provide useful information on the visibility of anatomical landmarks. However, the use of 3D imaging methods before surgical procedures will give more accurate results. How to cite this article: Serindere G, Aktuna Belgin C. The evaluation of visibility of mandibular anatomic landmarks using panoramic radiography. Int Dent Res 2019;9(2):69-77. Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
