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Nyquist plots of the electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) of the control cell and the PSC fabricated with various POSS contents.
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Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), featuring a hollow-cage or semi-cage structure is a new type of organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles. POSS combines the advantages of inorganic components and organic components with a great potential for optoelectronic applications such as in emerging perovskite solar cells. When POSS is well disperse...
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Patterning metal halide perovskite thin films is a necessary pathway to expand their optoelectronic applications. However, developing a suitable patterning technique is challenging as conventional lithographic processes are either detrimental to the perovskite layer or lack compatibility with scalable fabrication processes used in the manufacturing...
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... Only the short-circuit current (J SC ) values did not decrease for the samples obtained with higher concentrations of the silsesquoxane. [56]. The presence of the silsesquioxane layer resulted in a more hydrophobic and smoother support surface for further perovskite deposition. ...
... Moreover, the V OC of the cell increased slightly over 1 V. Larger amounts of POSS may result in an increase in the pinhole, which adversely affects the charge transport resistance despite an increase in the charge recombination rate. [56]. The presence of the silsesquioxane layer resulted in a more hydrophobic and smoother support surface for further perovskite deposition. ...
... (e,f) POSS-0.01; (g,h) POSS-0.015; and (i,j) POSS-0.05[56]. ...
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and hybrid organo-halide perovskites are two important types of hybrid nanoscale frameworks with great potential in materials chemistry. Both are currently under intensive investigation for a wide range of possible applications. Recent results suggest that POSS can be attractive passivating and structure-controlling agents for perovskite materials. In this review, we present the importance of POSS in engineering the structures of inorganic cesium-halide perovskites CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) to create a new class of hybrid derivatives with improved properties. The combination of these two components can be an effective strategy for controlling the perovskite crystallization process. In addition, passivation of surface defects/bulk and the engineering of energy and optoelectronic properties of perovskite-based materials can be achieved following this method. In this minireview, we summarized the existing literature reports on the structural specificity and properties of hybrid POSS perovskites.
... In recent years, metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been attractive to researchers due to their increasing power conversion efficiency (PCE). The efficiency of single-junction solar cells was ∼3.8 % in 2009 and improved significantly by ∼25 % in 2019 [3][4][5]. The sun's rays contain higher energetic photons and single-junction solar cells can only absorb the photons with higher or equal energies than the band gap of the used absorber layer, so in the other incident spectrum even photons with higher energies will lose the energy as heat loss [1]. ...
... Doping concentration (N a ) and built-in potential (V bi ) are calculated from the slope and intercept of the line in Fig. 9 by the help of Eqs. (4) and (5). For tandem solar cell, the obtained value of N a is 6.23 × 10 15 cm − 3 which is similar to the value reported in Table 1. ...
... The graphene was transferred onto the PET substrate using PMMA as a support layer [36]. Figure 1(d) shows the sheet resistances of graphene films on PET measured by the four-probe resistance tester (S2). ...
Ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tags need to be attached or embedded to objects in various environments to achieve non-contact automatic identification. Graphene shows unique electrical and optical properties, which makes it become a promising material for radio frequency devices. In this paper, the transparent UHF RFID tags were fabricated based on graphene films with different number of stacked layers prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Through structural design, parameter optimization and experimental measurements, the reading distance of the transparent RFID tags was tested and compared. As the graphene film stacked layers increased, the reading distance of graphene-based RFID tags was farther. The UHF RFID tag based on the CVD-grown graphene with the light transmittance of 88% reached the maximum reading distance of 2.78 m in the frequency range of 860-960 MHz. In addition, the reading distance of graphene-based RFID tags at different bending angles and cycles was measured. The results reveal transparent graphene-based RFID tags have good flexibility and stability and can be used in flexible transparent devices.
... (4) Composite-based nanomaterials, with one phase on the nanoscale dimension that can either combine nanoparticles with other nanoparticles or other structures such as metal-organic frameworks. The composites may be any combinations of carbon-, metal-, or organic-based nanomaterials with any form of metal, ceramic, or polymer bulk materials [9,10]. ...
Nanomaterials have gained eminence in technological developments due to their tunable physical, chemical, and biological properties, such as wettability, electrical and thermal conductivity, magnetism, light absorption and emission, catalytic activity, and so forth, leading to devices with improved performance compared to their microscopic counterparts [...]
... This indicates that the changes of the surface morphology and composition of the perovskite films are closely related to the device's performance. Similarly, the PCE of the perovskite solar cell increases to 15.6% from 13.3% by introducing an appropriate POSS passivation layer between the perovskite and hole transporting layers, which is useful to significantly increase the grain size of the perovskite film and also increase the short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage [35]. Otherwise, the electronic structure and surface composition of perovskite films can be adjusted by the incorporation of CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals, and the photovoltaic performance of the perovskite solar cell is enhanced [36]. ...
The surface composition and morphology of FA0.85MA0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 films fabricated by the spin-coating method with different concentrations of NH2-POSS were investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AR-XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was found that the surface composition of the FA0.85MA0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 films was changed regularly through the interaction between NH2-POSS and the perovskite film. The corresponding surface morphological changes were also observed. When the concentration of NH2-POSS exceeded 10 mg/mL, a lot of cracks on the surface of the perovskite film were observed and the surface morphology was damaged. The surface composition and its distribution can be adjusted by changing the concentration of NH2-POSS and the proper concentration of NH2-POSS can substantially improve the quality of perovskite film.
... POSS have been selected in the last years to prepare novel composites in nanosized, [58] with a great potential for optoelectronic applications and in emerging perovskite solar cells. [59] ...
Despite the current advancements, yet improving the intrinsic structure and external environmental stability of hybrid metal halide perovskite nanomaterials is required for developing efficient perovskite‐based devices. Up‐to‐date, a very attractive method is growing and/or embedding perovskite nanocrystals within organic polymeric matrices, or into porous inorganic and hybrid nano/micromaterials (e. g., metal‐organic frameworks, mesoporous silica, zeolites, and others), favored through confinement effect within the pores. In this review, we highlighted the last two years of research progress on enhancing the stabilization of perovskite nanoparticles based on methylammonium cations. In the future generation of optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices along with other interesting applied fields, it is predicted that an effective way to trigger the widespread use of this type of perovskite nanocrystals may involve combining different functional host materials, acting as a smarter protection method for the guest nanocrystals.
... The impedance values extracted from these plots have been presented in Table 3. R1 is the impedance of the conductive substrate and the connectors, R2 and R3 are the resistance between ETL/Cs 0.33 WO 3 was measured for 1 mg of PFN-DOF with a thickness of 35 nm, which is in agreement with the literature that measured 30-40 nm of PFN-DOF film for the most efficient cell [20][21][22][23][24]. In addition, the SEM top view in Fig. 12 shows that the whole Cs 0.33 WO 3 has many pores. ...
Near-infrared (NIR) light-absorbing materials have been widely used in vehicle and building applications due to their transparent film structure with a high absorption rate in the NIR range and a high transmittance rate for visible light. In this paper, Cesium-doped Tungstate (Cs0.33WO3) has been combined with dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) to convert the heat energy (absorbed from NIR light) into photocurrent. Cs0.33WO3 Nanorods were synthesized and embedded in the active layer of the cell. The mesoporous Titanium dioxide (TiO2) on FTO has also been used as the electron transport layer (ETL). This simple structure of FTO/TiO2/Cs0.33WO3 resulted in a poor Fermi level alignment and a low voltage. However, a buffer layer made of Poly[(9,9-bis(3′-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] (PFN-DOF) improved the Fermi level alignment and the quality of the interface in the modified structure of FTO/TiO2/PFN-DOF/Cs0.33WO3 which improved the initial Jsc from 0.38 μA/cm² to 0.45 μA/cm² for the NIR range. In addition, the Jsc of this modified structure improved from 18.84 μA/cm² to 27.56 μA/cm² for the visible light. Finally, by using a P25-doped TiO2 layer, the Jsc increased from 0.70 μA/cm² to 31.12 μA/cm² for both NIR and visible light, respectively.
In this study, we positioned three quaternary ammonium halide-containing cellulose derivatives (PQF, PQCl, PQBr) as interfacial modification layers between the nickel oxide (NiOx) and methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) layers of inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Inserting PQCl between the NiOx and MAPbI3 layers improved the interfacial contact, promoted the crystal growth, and passivated the interface and crystal defects, thereby resulting in MAPbI3 layers having larger crystal grains, better crystal quality, and lower surface roughness. Accordingly, the photovoltaic (PV) properties of PVSCs fabricated with PQCl-modified NiOx layers were improved when compared with those of the pristine sample. Furthermore, the PV properties of the PQCl-based PVSCs were much better than those of their PQF- and PQBr-based counterparts. A PVSC fabricated with PQCl-modified NiOx (fluorine-doped tin oxide/NiOx/PQCl-0.05/MAPbI3/PC61BM/bathocuproine/Ag) exhibited the best PV performance, with a photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.40%, an open-circuit voltage of 1.06 V, a short-circuit current density of 18.35 mA/cm3, and a fill factor of 74.0%. Moreover, the PV parameters of the PVSC incorporating the PQCl-modified NiOx were further enhanced when blending MAPbI3 with PQCl. We obtained a PCE of 16.53% for this MAPbI3:PQCl-based PVSC. This PQCl-based PVSC retained 80% of its initial PCE after 900 h of storage under ambient conditions (30 °C; 60% relative humidity).
This paper is the first to discover the feasibility of the near‐infrared (NIR) absorbing material Cs0.33WO3 to transform NIR to photocurrent in a solid‐state device. The electrical properties and energy levels of Cs0.33WO3 and the impedance of the devices are analyzed in detail to realize the photovoltaic transformation mechanism further. Polyvinylpyrrolidone incorporation into the Cs0.33WO3 layer can effectively suppress electron‐hole recombination and raise the photocurrent density from 2.5 to 22.2 (a 788% increase), which is much larger than that in a liquid‐electrolyte device. Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) used as a hole transport material can lead to a lower energy barrier and faster response than NiOX, but resulting in worse device stability.
