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![Numerical simulation results of optimized sample for (a) cross reaction velocity field, (b) pressure field [6]. Regarding the usage of OpenFOAM for PEM fuel cells, about ten articles have been published in journals or conferences [6, 16, 28-31]. In the work of Mustata et al. [16], two kinds of gas inlet, i.e., "U" shape and "Z" shape were considered and the focus is on distribution of the air flow rate in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack. In all cases the flow pattern is adequate, although the Z configuration is preferable. Regarding the work by Lozano et al. [29], an experimental and numerical study was presented to analyze the gas flow across a GDL from different bipolar plates. The experimental results were compared with the predictions obtained from a numerical simulation. Additionally, a review made by Siegel [30] stated that large-scale problems can be solved using parallel computing and the MPI-protocol. OpenFOAM is well suited for fuel cell modeling besides the commercial CFD softwares. However, coding knowledge is required. It means that OpenFOAM has advantages for simulation at large scales. Imbrioscia and partner [6] used OpenFOAM for optimizing the bipolar plate geometry, e.g., width, depth and shape of the distributing channels (collectors) as well as over the main channels, in order to get a homogeneous flow distribution. The numerical simulation results of optimized samples were shown in (a) for the cross section velocity field, (b) for the pressure field. Valino and co-workers [28] studied numerically the nonhomogeneous distribution of the reacting flows at the catalyst layers of a working bipolar plate of a PEMFC for pure hydrogen and oxygen. Moreover, they used OpenFOAM to model real single cell geometry, using a 3D finite volume discretization. The results are validated against experimental data. The model was implemented in a developed module attached to OpenFOAM general package [31].](profile/Jiatang-Wang/publication/311563224/figure/fig6/AS:668717033734152@1536445973768/Numerical-simulation-results-of-optimized-sample-for-a-cross-reaction-velocity-field.jpg)
Numerical simulation results of optimized sample for (a) cross reaction velocity field, (b) pressure field [6]. Regarding the usage of OpenFOAM for PEM fuel cells, about ten articles have been published in journals or conferences [6, 16, 28-31]. In the work of Mustata et al. [16], two kinds of gas inlet, i.e., "U" shape and "Z" shape were considered and the focus is on distribution of the air flow rate in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack. In all cases the flow pattern is adequate, although the Z configuration is preferable. Regarding the work by Lozano et al. [29], an experimental and numerical study was presented to analyze the gas flow across a GDL from different bipolar plates. The experimental results were compared with the predictions obtained from a numerical simulation. Additionally, a review made by Siegel [30] stated that large-scale problems can be solved using parallel computing and the MPI-protocol. OpenFOAM is well suited for fuel cell modeling besides the commercial CFD softwares. However, coding knowledge is required. It means that OpenFOAM has advantages for simulation at large scales. Imbrioscia and partner [6] used OpenFOAM for optimizing the bipolar plate geometry, e.g., width, depth and shape of the distributing channels (collectors) as well as over the main channels, in order to get a homogeneous flow distribution. The numerical simulation results of optimized samples were shown in (a) for the cross section velocity field, (b) for the pressure field. Valino and co-workers [28] studied numerically the nonhomogeneous distribution of the reacting flows at the catalyst layers of a working bipolar plate of a PEMFC for pure hydrogen and oxygen. Moreover, they used OpenFOAM to model real single cell geometry, using a 3D finite volume discretization. The results are validated against experimental data. The model was implemented in a developed module attached to OpenFOAM general package [31].
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![Fig. 2 SEM image of GDL carbon paper treated with PTEF [11].](profile/Jiatang-Wang/publication/311563224/figure/fig2/AS:543229536935936@1506527422013/SEM-image-of-GDL-carbon-paper-treated-with-PTEF-11_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 3 SEM image of a CL [12].](profile/Jiatang-Wang/publication/311563224/figure/fig3/AS:543229536686080@1506527422050/SEM-image-of-a-CL-12_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 4 A schematic drawing of the TPB [13]. The effect of the catalyst...](profile/Jiatang-Wang/publication/311563224/figure/fig5/AS:668717033746451@1536445973723/A-schematic-drawing-of-the-TPB-13-The-effect-of-the-catalyst-synthesizing-is-also_Q320.jpg)
Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are known as environmental friendly energy
conservation devices, and have the potential to be suitable alternative power sources. The cost and
durability of a PEM fuel cell are strongly affected by the involved transport phenomena and reactions,
which are two major challenges to be overcome before commercia...
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Context 1
... for simulation at large scales. Imbrioscia and partner [6] used OpenFOAM for optimizing the bipolar plate geometry, e.g., width, depth and shape of the distributing channels (collectors) as well as over the main channels, in order to get a homogeneous flow distribution. The numerical simulation results of optimized samples were shown in Fig. 5 (a) for the cross section velocity field, (b) for the pressure field. Valino and co-workers [28] studied numerically the nonhomogeneous distribution of the reacting flows at the catalyst layers of a working bipolar plate of a PEMFC for pure hydrogen and oxygen. Moreover, they used OpenFOAM to model real single cell geometry, using a 3D ...
