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Sailfish, Istiophorus albicans, is the most exploited species among billfishes of the Family Istiophoridae off Northeastern Brazil by industrial, artisanal and sport fisheries. The goal of this paper is to estimate both age and growth curve of this species. Samples were collected from August/1996 to March/1997 from fishing companies, research vesse...
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Context 1
... fourth spine of the first dorsal fin was collected for the age and growth study and kept frozen. A total of 84 spines were firstly cut just above the condyle by means of hand saw in sections 1cm wide (Table 1). Secondly, these sections were included in polyester re- sin resulting in small ice-like blocks. ...
Context 2
... but it was suggested a maximum of 9 or 10. No validation method was attempted and the usa- ge of the marginal increment method was not possi- ble as 80% of specimens were sampled between October and November ( Table 1). However annu- lus formation was considered to be annual accor- ding to Jolley (1977). ...
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Citations
... Stequert and Ramcharrun, 2006;Eveson et al., 2012;Said Koya et al., 2012; IOTC, 2014), 21 (Observers Data base andLee and Yeh, 2007;Farley et al., 2012Farley et al., , 2013 IOTC, 2014), 22(Sun et al., 2005;Lee and Yeh, 2007;Zudaire et al., 2010;Rohit et al., 2012b; IOTC, 2014), 23(Caton, 1991, CCSBT data base), 24(IOTC, 2009;Zhu et al., 2011;Sun et al., 2013), 25(Zischke et al., 2013 and Observers Data base), 26(Masuda et al., 1984), 27(Nakamura, 1985;Young and Drake, 2004; Poisson and Fauvel, 2009a,b; Romanov and Romanova, 2012), 28 (Mincarone, unpublish data), 29 (Observers Data base), 30 (Observers Data base), 31(Pinheiro et al., 2011 and Observers Data base), 32(Castro et al., 1999 and Observers Data base), 33(Beardsley, 1967;Lessa et al., 2009b and Observers Data base), 34(Nakamura and Parin, 1993 and Observers Data base), 35(Maskimov, 1970;Levesque, 2010), 36 (Mincarone, unpublish data), 37(Viana et al., 2009Viana, 2012), 38(Freire et al., 1999;Arocha and Marcano, 2006;Richardson et al., 2009 and Observers Data base), 39(García-Cagide et al., 1994;Orbesen et al., 2008;Arocha and Bárrios, 2009;Ortiz et al., 2003;Schirripa, 2013 and Observers Data base), 40(Robins and Ray, 1986;Prince et al., 1991;Arocha and Marcano, 2006;Torres-Silva et al., 2007;Martins et al., 2007;Collette et al., 2011b), 41 (Observers Data base), 42(Arocha et al., 2007;Pons, 2013 and Observers Data base), 43 ...
... Regarding the morphometric measurements for the sailfish, very few attempts were made by Lenarz et al [13] . It is reported 66 cm-236 cm total length from Western Atlantic waters [14] , 107 cm to 288 cm total length from Northeastern Brazil waters and 147 cm to 246 cm total length [15] from Arabian Gulf waters. In the present study, the sailfish was measured with the range of 92 cm to 385 cm total length. ...
... More attempts on length-weight relationship for the sailfish (I. platypterus) were made by Freire et al [14] (Western Atlantic waters), Hoolihan et al [15] (Arabian Gulf) and Wang et al [16] (Taiwan waters). Hile (1936) and Martin (1949) reported the value of the exponent (slope) 'b' in the parabolic equation usually lied between 2.5 and 4.0 [17,18] . ...
... Regarding the morphometric measurements for the sailfish, very few attempts were made by Lenarz et al [13] . It is reported 66 cm-236 cm total length from Western Atlantic waters [14] , 107 cm to 288 cm total length from Northeastern Brazil waters and 147 cm to 246 cm total length [15] from Arabian Gulf waters. In the present study, the sailfish was measured with the range of 92 cm to 385 cm total length. ...
... More attempts on length-weight relationship for the sailfish (I. platypterus) were made by Freire et al [14] (Western Atlantic waters), Hoolihan et al [15] (Arabian Gulf) and Wang et al [16] (Taiwan waters). Hile (1936) and Martin (1949) reported the value of the exponent (slope) 'b' in the parabolic equation usually lied between 2.5 and 4.0 [17,18] . ...
Objective
To obtain the morphometric characters and to determine the length-weight relationship for the sailfish captured off from Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, Southeast coast of India.Methods
Samples of the sailfish were collected from the landing centre of this region during July 2010 to June 2011 using longline, gillnet and handline through commercial vessels. Salient morphometric and meristic characters were also measured (cm).ResultsThe total length recorded in the present study was ranged between 92 and 385 cm (mean 244.30±15.08). The I dorsal fin base was varied from 18 to 145 cm (mean 98.40±3.21); I dorsal ray fin height from1.4 to 21 cm (mean 10.30±0.30); last ray fin length from 0.9 to 16 cm (mean 8.30±0.05) and the highest ray length from 28.2 to 126 cm (mean 85.60±2.15). The linear regression analysis was also executed to study the length-weight relationship; the ‘r’ value for the sailfish from this region was found to be 0.986 6 and the regression equation Log W = −5.4431 L 3.007.Conclusions
In the present study, the slope value (b) was in the expected ‘3’ that indicates a fish becomes more slender as it increases in length. Further the slope value which is greater than 3 denoting stoutness or allometric growth. However, deviation from isometric growth is often observed, as most fish change their body shape as they grow.
... Consequently, the correction of age estimates was made to coincide with the maximum number of length measurements for each age group, using the spine with the first annulus visible as a pattern. The number of empty cells was related to the number of missing rings, and thus it was possible to estimate the real age for each fish sampled (Freire et al. 1998). ...
... Chiang et al. (2004) found, in the waters off eastern Taiwan, 11 age-classes in males and 12 in females of I. platypterus. Freire et al. (1998) reported 10 ageclasses for sailfish from off northeastern Brazil, whereas Prince et al. (1986) reported the estimated maximum age of Atlantic sailfish at 13Á15 years based on a single markÁrecapture fish. ...
... In previous reports the uncertainties in the growth parameters of the Istiophorus platypterus were not estimated and the parameters themselves were estimated with an algorithm based on ordinary least squares (Hedgepeth & Jolley 1983;Alvarado-Castillo & Félix-Uraga 1998;Freire et al. 1998;Hoolihan 2006). Table III shows a comparison among growth models and parameters from different regions. ...
We analysed the recreational-dependent and the commercial fishery data of Istiophorus platypterus from the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico. We estimated the age and growth of sailfish in our study based on growth rings in the cross-sections of the fourth dorsal fin spine. We sampled 4976 individuals, with length and weight data collected from 2000 to 2008. We analysed the ages of 535 sailfish, with their individual growth estimated by using two models. The first was the Schnute generalized-growth model and the second was the von Bertalanffy growth function. The parameters in each model and their confidence intervals (CI) were computed. The best candidate model was selected using Akaike's information criterion. We found the growth curve for sailfish from the Gulf of Tehuantepec is based on the three-parameter model rather than the generalized Schnute model. The parameters estimated and confidence intervals were (1) mean asymptotic eye-fork length = 180.6 cm (CI = 176-186 cm), (2) Brody growth coefficient = 0.36 (CI = 0.34-0.39), and (3) hypothetical age at length zero = -0.24 (CI = -0.30 to -0.18). Consequently, we believe that the von Bertalanffy growth function adequately described the individual mean growth for this species in the region.
... Para el noreste brasilero el pez vela es la especie más explotada, dentro de los istiofóridos, por todas las flotas pesqueras (industrial, artesanal y deportiva) (Freire et al. 1999); a su vez, existen importantes concentraciones en las zonas costeras brasileras hacia la zona de Río de Janeiro y Santos (Arocha y Ortiz 2006a). Sin embargo, para el caso de la flota palangrera uruguaya, la captura de pez vela en la zona 1 (Figura 5) parece ser poco frecuente, 1 individuo cada 100 lances aproximadamente. ...
1 SUMMARY This document presents information obtained on billfish by-catches (Istiophorus albicans, Makaira nigricans, Tetrapturus albidus, T. pfluegeri and T. georgii) of the National Observer Programme on board the Uruguayan tuna fleet (PNOFA) in the Atlantic Ocean during the 1998-2007 period. Data on time-area distribution, size and sex structure for each of the species are presented. A total of 2,962.760 hooks were observed, where a total of 1,262 billfish were caught, identifying 884. Atlantic white marlin was the most abundant species (n=347), followed by blue marlin (n=261), Atlantic longbill spearfish (n=212), sailfish (n=57) and wahoo (n=7). Although a wide distribution of billfish was observed in the fishing area, no catches were registered below 37º S or below 17.3º C, representing the catches which were recorded more towards the south, in particular during the summer months. Billfish catches by the Uruguayan tuna fleet are scarce as it fishes mainly at the limit of its distribution. In this study, for the first time, reference is made to the presence of T. georgii for these latitudes thus increasing its distribution range up to 32º S. RÉSUMÉ Ce document présente les informations sur la prise accidentelle d'istiophoridés (Istiophorus albicans, Makaira nigricans, Tetrapturus albidus, T. pfluegeri et T. georgii) obtenues auprès du Programme National d'Observateurs embarqués à bord de la flottille thonière uruguayenne (PNOFA) dans l'Océan Atlantique dans la période 1998-2007. Les données sur la distribution spatio-temporelle, la structure des tailles et les sexes sont présentées pour chaque espèce. Au total, 2.962.760 hameçons ont été observés, avec 1.262 istiophoridés capturés et 884 identifiés. L'espèce capturée en plus grand nombre était le makaire blanc (n=347), suivie du makaire bleu (n=261), du makaire bécune (n=212), du voilier (n=57) et du makaire épée (n=7). Bien que les istiophoridés aient une vaste répartition dans la zone de pêche observée, aucune capture n'a été enregistrée en-dessous de 37º S ni en-dessous de 17.3º C ; les prises enregistrées le plus au sud étaient essentiellement réalisées au cours des mois d'été. La prise d'istiophoridés par la flottille thonière uruguayenne est peu fréquente car celle-ci opère surtout à la limite de la gamme de distribution de ces espèces. Cette étude note, pour la première fois, la présence de T. georgii dans ces latitudes, élargissant ainsi sa gamme de répartition jusqu'à 32º S.
... In contrast, Chiang et al. (2004) reported maximum ages for Taiwanese sailfish at 12 for females and 11 for males by back-calculating for missing bands, even though 8 was the maximum observed band count for either sex. Additionally, dorsal spine analysis of 51 Atlantic sailfish from Brazilian waters by Freire et al. (1998) showed a maximum year class of 10 for pooled sexes by back-calculating from spine diameter to account for erosion of early growth bands, contending that up to six bands were eroded in the samples. ...
... However, Freire et al. (1998) gave no indication of the actual number of observed bands, whether sexing was conducted, or what the sex ratio of the pooled samples may have been. ...
Dorsal and anal fin spines were collected from 85 sailfish from the Gulf and used to estimate age from putative annular growth bands observed in thin transverse sections. A total of 84 (98.8%) of these were successfully read with an average percent error in precision of 4.8%. Nine year classes (0+ to 8) were estimated from spines examined. Spines lacking a pair of translucent and opaque rings were placed in the 0+ year class; however the somatic size of these individuals suggested they were between 6 and 10 months in age. Estimated age classes for females (n = 50) ranged from 0+ to 8 years, while males (n = 34) ranged from 0+ to 6 years. Age class 1, followed by 0+ and 3 were the most abundant for both sexes, comprising 75% of all samples.Females exhibited the maximum sizes for lower jaw-fork length (LJFL) and weight within 101 sampled sailfish. The LJFL for females (n = 65) ranged in size from 129 to 199 cm and weight ranged from 11.5 to 47.0 kg. For males (n = 36), LJFL ranged from 125 to 177 cm and weight ranged from 12.5 to 38.0 kg. The von Bertalanffy growth function fitted to the observed LJFL, weight and age data indicated a rapid growth rate during the first 2 years, after which length stabilized for males and females continued growing to a greater maximum mean length and weight.The relationships of measured morphological traits to LJFL derived from the non-linear equation Y = a LJFLb and their regression coefficients showed a negative allometric growth for weight, head, and pelvic fin length. Most other measurements were effectively isometric, with the exception of the anal fin in males, which showed positive allometric growth. A comparison of allometric growth between females and males using a modified t-test against linear regressions indicated no significant differences between LJFL and other morphometric characters (P ranged 0.135–0.980).
... Between 1983 and 1997, Istiophoridae morphometry and fishery of I. albicans was studied in the southern and southeastern region of Brazil (Arfelli & Amorim 1981) as well as the northeastern region (Freire et al. 1998a). Studies of spatial and temporal distribution of T. albidus, T. pfluegeri, and I. albicans in the northeast were carried out by Hazin et al. (1994), of age and growth by Freire et al. (1998b), and of reproduction by Souza et al. (1994). ...
Billfishes from the Brazilian oceanic northeastern region feed on a large food spectrum composed mainly of epipelagic species of fish and cephalopods, with occasional occurrences of mesopelagic organisms and crustaceans. The oceanic pomfret, Brama brama, and the squid, Ornithoteuthis antillarum, were the main prey items in the diet of the four species, occurring in at least 50% of the stomachs containing food. There was no correlation between body length of prey and predator, or between mass of stomach content and body mass in the individuals from 100 to 330cm fork length. The feeding of the four species was characterized by constant ingestion of small quantities of food, and constant presence of food in the stomachs, with a predominance of epipelagic organisms of small sizes with an average of 8.0cm. The reduced stomach size forces the predators to feed constantly on several meals during the day, and consequently provide constant energy for migration.
Sailfishes, marlins, spearfishes and swordfishes commonly referred to as billfishes are highly migratory species, with a worldwide distribution in tropical and subtropical oceans. The landings of billfishes along the Indian coast registered an increasing trend with an estimated landing of 14,759 t in 2019. Kerala (41%) contributed the maximum followed by Tamil Nadu (28%), Andhra Pradesh (18%), Gujarat (8%) and Maharashtra (2%) to the total billfish landings during the last decade. Mechanised gillnetter cum hook and line was the major gear landing
billfishes. The major species landed during 2012-2019 were Istiophorus platypterus (52.2%), Istiompax indica (21.1%), Makaira nigricans (7.3%), Xiphias gladius (17.2%) and Kajikia audax (2.3%). Four of these species could be easily distinguished by COI barcodes but, the striped marlin, K. audax showed high sequence similarity with K. albida and cannot be distinguished by barcodes alone. Control region (889 bp) provided a better phylogenetic signal, consistent with that of the whole mitochondrial genome topology. The stock status plots of billfishes depicted that, all the species were in the developing and exploited phase. Growth, mortality
and exploitation rates estimated for four billfishes indicated that the present fishing rates and biomass levels are at safe levels and there is considerable scope for enhancing their fishery.
