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Number of floral visits per plant per 30 min (mean ± standard error) by two bumblebee groups (A) group 1, Bombus terrestris; (B) group 3, B. pratorum, B. soroensis ancaricus, B. lapidarius decipiens; depending on the locality at Northern Spain (Ancares, the orange morph population; and Pontón, the yellow morph population) and the experimental treatment (control, local transplant, foreign transplant). Abbreviations: Trans-foreign, foreign transplant; Trans-local, local transplant. Different letters indicate statistical differences among treatments (P < 0.01).
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Background. The adaptive maintenance of flower color variation is frequently attributed to pollinators in part because they preferentially visit certain flower phenotypes. We test whether Gentiana lutea – which shows a flower color variation (from orange to yellow) in the Cantabrian Mountains range (north of Spain) − is locally adapted to the polli...
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Background. The adaptive maintenance of flower color variation is frequently attributed to pollinators in part because they preferentially visit certain flower phenotypes. We test whether Gentiana lutea – which shows a flower color variation (from orange to yellow) in the Cantabrian Mountains range (north of Spain) − is locally adapted to the polli...
Background
The adaptive maintenance of flower color variation is frequently attributed to pollinators partly because they preferentially visit certain flower phenotypes. We tested whether Gentiana lutea —which shows a flower color variation (from orange to yellow) in the Cantabrian Mountains range (north of Spain)—is locally adapted to the pollinat...
![A Scotch broom shrub [C. scoparius (L.) Link, Fabaceae] and B flower...](publication/354562048/figure/fig1/AS:1067809308172294@1631596986271/A-Scotch-broom-shrub-C-scoparius-L-Link-Fabaceae-and-B-flower-color-morphs-C_Q320.jpg)
Given that pollinators usually visit flowers for hidden rewards, they need to rely on floral traits that indicate reward status (“honest signals”). However, the relationship between pollination, honest signals, and floral rewards is little documented in natural conditions. The Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) is an invasive shrub with polymorphism...
