Table 6 - uploaded by Sameh El-Saharty
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Context 1
... expected, Cairo and the Canal branches have more physicians and other medical personnel available per beneficiary. Table 6 presents the number of total physicians (employed and contracted) per 1000 school children. A surprising finding is that nearly 65 percent of the physicians working under SHIP are contracted. ...
Citations
... This significant low ratio between the number of beneficiaries and population was at a standstill until the end of the Arab-Israeli war. This standstill status in insurance coverage was mainly due to the reallocation of state resources during the period of the Arab-Israeli war between 1967 and 1973 to fund military activities (20). ...
... In 1992, under Mubarak's tenure, Law 99 stipulated extending insurance coverage to schoolchildren in a new program referred to as the School Health Insurance Program (SHIP). The SHIP was managed by HIO and the program managed to achieve universal coverage for schoolchildren by June 1995 (20). The exact number of beneficiaries under Sadat's tenure is difficult to ascertain due to the scarce data in this period, but after law 99/1992 was passed, the numbers of beneficiaries under Mubarak's tenure significantly increased to 36% of the total population by 1995 (20). ...
... The SHIP was managed by HIO and the program managed to achieve universal coverage for schoolchildren by June 1995 (20). The exact number of beneficiaries under Sadat's tenure is difficult to ascertain due to the scarce data in this period, but after law 99/1992 was passed, the numbers of beneficiaries under Mubarak's tenure significantly increased to 36% of the total population by 1995 (20). ...
Universal health coverage (UHC) is the big objective in health policy which several countries are seeking to achieve. Egypt is no different and its endeavors to attain UHC have been going on since the 1960s. This article discusses the status of UHC in Egypt using theories of political science and economics by analyzing the historical transformations in the Egyptian health system and its institutional settings. This article then specifically examines the path dependence theory against the sociopolitical background of Egypt and assesses any pattern between the theory and the current UHC status in Egypt. The important finding of this analysis is that the health policies and reforms in Egypt have been significantly influenced and limited by its historical institutional structure and development. Both the health policies and the institutional settings adopted a dependent path that limited Egypt’s endeavors to achieve the universal coverage. This dependent path also yielded many of the present-day challenges as in the weaknesses of the healthcare financing system and the inability to extend health coverage to the poor and the informal sector. These challenges subsequently had a negative impact on the accessibility of the healthcare services.
... Payroll and cigarette taxes levied by the government are the main source of financing of healthcare services provided through a network of HIO hospitals, clinics, pharmacies and contracted private-sector providers. The HIO is divided into eight regional branches with the head office located in the capital city of Cairo (Abd El Fattah et al., 1997). At present, it is the largest health insurer in Egypt with a total of 30 million enrolled members (El-Saharty, 2004). ...
... The HIO is a social health insurance scheme financed by premiums and employer contributions, operating under the auspices of the MOHP. Eligibility is open to those employed in the formal sector, pensioners and enrolled students, excluding dependents, with half of the population enrolled in total (Abd El Fattah et al, 1997; Nandakumar et al, 1999; Salem, 2002). Services are provided both through HIO facilities and external contracts, with coverage benefits varying across beneficiary categories. ...
In middle-income Arab countries such as Egypt and Lebanon, income-associated equity in health care remains an elusive policy objective in part due to a relatively high reliance on out-of-pocket payments in financing care. This article examines the effect of income on the use of outpatient and inpatient health care services in Egypt and Lebanon using econometric analysis of cross-sectional data from the World Health Organization. In light of noticeable differences in income and public financing arrangements, these two countries serve as interesting case studies. Multivariate regression results suggest that Egyptian respondents were more likely to use health services than their Lebanese counterparts, holding all else constant, and that this effect was particularly evident for outpatient care. A higher income and insurance increased the likelihood of outpatient use more so than inpatient use, with these effects more pronounced in Lebanon. Overall, lower-income groups tended to report having worse health levels and paying more out-of-pocket on health care as a share of income than did higher-income groups. At the same time, these socioeconomic disparities in health appeared to be greater in Lebanon than in Egypt. Economic barriers to the use of health services are discussed within the context of health financing policy reforms aimed at improving equity in access to care in countries such as Egypt and Lebanon.
... In Egypt, the health sector reforms often focus on changes in financing or institutional instruction, but neglects a key component which is the staff in the health team (17) . (19) . ...
Childhood is a unique period of rapid growth and development that requires a health system that promotes healthy development of the child. Preschoolers receive care in nursery schools while parents are unavailable due to work or other causes. The care must be affordable, reliable, and accessible. Health services for children exhibit numerous deficiencies in quality of care. The deficiencies are in all major domains of pediatric care, and preventive services. This study was carried out to monitor the quality of health care for preschoolers in private nursery schools. The study was conducted in 8 private nursery schools at Mansoura City by using a systematic random sample. The sample included 607 children, 8 nurses, 48 teachers, and 8 physicians. The data was collected by using two tools. The first tool was used to assess preschoolers’ health problems and care provided via medical records. The second tool was used to assess teachers’ and nurses’ knowledge about preschoolers' health problems and management. An educational program was conducted for nurses and teachers concerning preschoolers’ quality health care. The study revealed that there are significant differences in prevalence of preschoolers health problems in relation to educational program. There were significant differences in both nurses’ and teachers’ knowledge about care of preschoolers after the educational program. All physicians had only a diagnostic role and were not available all of the time. This study recommended that making a significant progress will require not only sustained attention by those concerned about improving child's health and healthcare, but also specific activities to build a broad base of support among the public and key healthcare decision markers.
