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Number of Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus in the Lambert Cave maternity colony, Pendleton County, WV, 1984 to 2009.
Source publication
We studied roosting behavior of Rafinesque’s big-eared bats (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) using water wells (n = 37 sites) in southwestern Arkansas from October through March, 1988-2009. Wells were lined with concrete, brick, or stone with a mean interior diameter of 74 cm (Range 51 – 78 cm). Most wells were used by < 20 bats, with colonies of > 40 ba...
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Citations
... Historically, the tricolored bat was one of the most common bat species in southern hibernacula Perry & Jordan, 2020;Stevens et al., 2017). In addition to hibernating in underground structures such as caves, mines, and tunnels, they also use above-ground structures such as bridges, culverts, storm drains, water wells, and trees (Ferrara & Leberg, 2005;Fujita & Kunz, 1984;Goering, 1954;Newman et al., 2021;Sandel et al., 2001;Sasse et al., 2011). In northern portions of their range, tricolored bats that hibernate in caves and mines usually select the warmest (7.3-11.8°C) ...
Understanding animals' behavioral and physiological responses to pathogenic diseases is critical for management and conservation. One such disease, white‐nose syndrome (WNS), has greatly affected bat populations throughout eastern North America leading to significant population declines in several species. Although tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus) populations have experienced significant declines, little research has been conducted on their responses to the disease, particularly in the southeastern United States. Our objective was to document changes in tricolored bat roost site use after the appearance of WNS in a hibernaculum in the southeastern U.S. and relate these to microsite temperatures, ambient conditions, and population trends. We censused a tricolored bat hibernaculum in northwestern South Carolina, USA, once each year between February 26 and March 2, 2014–2021, and recorded species, section of the tunnel, distance from the entrance, and wall temperature next to each bat. The number of tricolored bats in the hibernaculum dropped by 90.3% during the first 3 years after the arrival of WNS. However, numbers stabilized and slightly increased from 2018 to 2021. Prior to the arrival of WNS, 95.6% of tricolored bats roosted in the back portion of the tunnel that was the warmest. After the arrival of WNS, we observed a significant increase in the proportion of bats using the front, colder portions of the tunnel, particularly during the period of population stabilization and increase. Roost temperatures of bats were also positively associated with February external temperatures. Our results suggest that greater use of the colder sections of the tunnel by tricolored bats could have led to increased survival due to slower growth rates of the fungus that causes WNS in colder temperatures or decreased energetic costs associated with colder hibernation temperatures. Thus, management actions that provide cold hibernacula may be an option for long‐term management of hibernacula, particularly in southern regions. We censused a tricolored bat hibernaculum in northwestern South Carolina, USA once each year between 26 February and 2 March 2014‐2021 and found a significant change in roosting behavior associated with white‐nose syndrome disease progression. Greater use of colder sections of the hibernaculum after the arrival of white‐nose syndrome may have led to greater survival and consequently, population stabilization and perhaps increase. However, warmer winter temperatures associated with climate change may decrease bats' ability to behaviorally respond to the disease.
... Rafinesque's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) is a small (8-14 g) forest-dwelling bat found throughout the southeastern United States [22,23]. Rafinesque's big-eared bat hibernates in caves and mines in mountainous and karst portions of the species range, but these hibernacula are largely absent in southern portion of the range, where big-eared bats have been documented hibernating in trees, wells, and cisterns [23,24,25]. While there are no data on the depth or duration of winter torpor bouts in Rafinesque's big-eared bat, observations of winter mating and bats frequently moving among hibernacula suggest this species may undergo torpor bouts of shorter duration than other cavehibernating bat species in eastern North America, making it an ideal species for winter studies [22,26,27]. ...
Extensive use of torpor is a common winter survival strategy among bats; however, data comparing various torpor behaviors among species are scarce. Winter torpor behaviors are likely to vary among species with different physiologies and species inhabiting different regional climates. Understanding these differences may be important in identifying differing susceptibilities of species to white-nose syndrome (WNS) in North America. We fitted 24 Rafinesque's big-eared bats (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) with temperature-sensitive radio-transmitters, and monitored 128 PIT-tagged big-eared bats, during the winter months of 2010 to 2012. We tested the hypothesis that Rafinesque's big-eared bats use torpor less often than values reported for other North American cave-hibernators. Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that Rafinesque's big-eared bats arouse on winter nights more suitable for nocturnal foraging. Radio-tagged bats used short (2.4 d ± 0.3 (SE)), shallow (13.9°C ± 0.6) torpor bouts and switched roosts every 4.1 d ± 0.6. Probability of arousal from torpor increased linearly with ambient temperature at sunset (P<0.0001), and 83% (n = 86) of arousals occurred within 1 hr of sunset. Activity of PIT-tagged bats at an artificial maternity/hibernaculum roost between November and March was positively correlated with ambient temperature at sunset (P<0.0001), with males more active at the roost than females. These data show Rafinesque's big-eared bat is a shallow hibernator and is relatively active during winter. We hypothesize that winter activity patterns provide Corynorhinus species with an ecological and physiological defense against the fungus causing WNS, and that these bats may be better suited to withstand fungal infection than other cave-hibernating bat species in eastern North America.
