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The complete mitochondrial genomes of Xenostrongylusvariegatus and Epuraea sp. were sequenced and analyzed. The total genome lengths are 17,657 and 16,641 bp, with an A+T content of 77.2% and 76.4%, respectively. Each mitochondrial genome consists of 37 coding genes and a non-coding (AT-rich) region. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) start with the s...
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... = 37.6%, T = 38.8%, C = 14.4%, and G = 9.3%; Table 2). Among all of the reported species of Nitidulidae, only X. variegatus shows a lower AT content in the AT-rich region than in the rDNAs. ...Context 2
... total length of all 13 PCGs of X. variegatus is 11,046 bp and of Epuraea sp. is 11,097 bp, accounting for 62.56% and 66.68% of the total length of their mitochondrial genomes, respectively (Table 2). The start and stop codons were determined based on the reference sequences. ...Context 3
... variegatus shows no CG skew (0) and Epuraea sp. shows a negative CG skew (−0.026) ( Table 2). The first codon position AT content (72.3% in X. variegatus and 71.1% in Epuraea sp.) is higher than that of the second codon position (68.9% in X. variegatus and 67.9% Epuraea sp.) and is much lower than that of the third codon position (89.8% in X. variegatus and 85.5% in Epuraea sp.). ...Context 4
... = 10.9%, and G = 13.4%) for Epuraea sp. Both species show positive AT skews (0.013 in X. variegatus and 0.041 in Epuraea sp.) and CG skews (0.174 in X. variegatus and 0.103 in Epuraea sp.) ( Table 2). The length of each tRNA is between 63 bp (trnY and trnR) and 71 bp (trnK) in X. variegatus and between 62 bp (trnC and trnR) and 70 bp (trnK) in Epuraea sp. ...Context 5
... = 10.9%, and G = 13.4%) for Epuraea sp. Both species show positive AT skews (0.013 in X. variegatus and 0.041 in Epuraea sp.) and CG skews (0.174 in X. variegatus and 0.103 in Epuraea sp.) ( Table 2). The length of each tRNA is between 63 bp (trnY and trnR) and 71 bp (trnK) in X. variegatus and between 62 bp (trnC and trnR) and 70 bp (trnK) in Epuraea sp. ...Similar publications
To explore the characteristics of the mitogenome of Melyridae and reveal phylogenetic relationships, the mitogenome of Cordylepherus sp. was sequenced and annotated. This is the first time a complete mitochondrial genome has beengenerated in this family. Consistent with previous observations of Cleroidea species, the mitogenome of Cordylepherus sp....
Citations
... There are many studies on the status of Nitidulidae: Bocak et al. (2014) [25] supported Passandridae nested within Nitidulidae, and Tang et al. (2019) [26] supported Nitidulidae nested within Erotylidae based on the mitochondrial genome. Other studies supported that Nitidulidae is monophyletic based on morphological and molecular data analysis [1,3,[27][28][29][30]. However, previous analyses based on the mitochondrial genome had a small sample size, without a complete mitochondrial genome of Meligethinae. ...
... The following studies supported the sister group relationship of Nitidulidae + Kateretidae: Cline et al. (2014) [28], based on seven molecular fragments (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, COI, COII, and H3); Bocak et al. (2014) [25], based on four molecular fragments (18S, 28S, rrnL, and COI); Robertson et al. (2015) [2], based on eight molecular fragments (18S, 28S, H3, CAD, 12S, 16S, COI, and COII); and Cai et al. (2022) [3], based on single-copy nuclear proteincoding (NPC) genes and fossil data. Only the phylogenetic trees constructed by Chen et al. (2020) [29] based on the complete mitochondrial genomes of 17 species (seven species of Nitidulidae and ten species of other Coleoptera) supported that the sister group of Nitidulidae could be Monotomidae, but this clade had low bootstrap support values in ML trees. In fact, this potentially spurious sister group relationship of (Nitidulidae + Monotomidae) was probably due to the mismatch between the dataset and the selected nucleotide substitution model [33]. ...
... The mitochondrial genome of insects has unique features, such as maternal inheritance, rapid evolution rate, stable gene composition, and high independence and integrity, making it a powerful genetic marker for studying the evolution of insects [45,46]. Previously, there were only seven complete mitochondrial genomes among three subfamilies of Nitidulidae in GenBank [29,[47][48][49]. Meligethinae, as the second largest subfamily of Nitidulidae, does not yet have a complete mitochondrial genome. ...
Simple Summary: The phylogenetic status of the family Nitidulidae and its sister group relationship remain controversial. Also, the phylogenetic status of the subfamily Meligethinae and its phylogenetic relationships with other subfamilies of Nitidulidae are not fully understood. Mitochondrial genome sequences can be used to study species identification, phylogeny, and population genetic structure, and to provide valuable molecular markers for further genetic studies. In this paper, two complete mitochondrial genomes of Meligethinae were provided for the first time, and the phylogenetic status of the family Nitidulidae and subfamily Meligethinae were explored based on the complete mitochondrial genomes. A comparative analysis of the general characteristics and non-coding region patterns of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Meligethinus tschungseni and Brassicogethes affinis revealed that the base composition and mitochondrial genome structure of these two species are markedly different. Given the results of the phylogenetic analysis based on 20 mitochondrial genomes, the status of Nitidulidae and its sister group relationship is discussed. We also attempted to analyze the taxonomic status of Meligethinae and its sister group relationship. This study will provide a basis for further studies on the higher phylogeny of Nitidulidae. Abstract: The phylogenetic status of the family Nitidulidae and its sister group relationship remain controversial. Also, the status of the subfamily Meligethinae is not fully understood, and previous studies have been mainly based on morphology, molecular fragments, and biological habits, rather than the analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome. Up to now, there has been no complete mitochondrial genome report of Meligethinae. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of Meligethinus tschungseni and Brassicogethes affinis (both from China) were provided, and they were compared with the existing complete mitochondrial genomes of Nitidulidae. The phylogenetic analysis among 20 species of Coleoptera was reconstructed via PhyloBayes analysis and Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis, respectively. The results showed that the full lengths of Meligethinus tschungseni and Brassicogethes affinis were 15,783 bp and 16,622 bp, and the AT contents were 77% and 76.7%, respectively. Each complete mitochondrial genome contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and a control region (A + T-rich region). All the PCGs begin with the standard start codon ATN (ATA, ATT, ATG, ATC). All the PCGs terminate with a complete terminal codon, TAA or TAG, except cox1, cox2, nad4, and nad5, which terminate with a single T. Furthermore, all the tRNAs have a typical cloverleaf secondary structure except trnS1, whose DHU arm is missing in both species. The two newly sequenced species have different numbers and lengths of tandem repeat regions in their control regions. Based Citation: Dai, J.; Liu, M.; Di Giulio, A.; Sabatelli, S.; Wang, W.; Audisio, P. The First Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes for the Subfamily Meligethinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Implications for the Higher Phylogeny of Nitidulidae. Insects 2024, 15, 57. https://doi. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/license s/by/4.0/). Insects 2024, 15, 57 2 of 21 on the genetic distance and Ka/Ks analysis, nad6 showed a higher variability and faster evolutionary rate. Based on the available complete mitochondrial genomes, the results showed that the four subfamilies (Nitidulinae, Meligethinae, Carpophilinae, Epuraeinae) of Nitidulidae formed a monophyletic group and further supported the sister group relationship of Nitidulidae + Kateretidae. In addition, the taxonomic status of Meligethinae and the sister group relationship between Meligethinae and Nitidulinae (the latter as currently circumscribed) were also preliminarily explored.
The beetle Triplax ainonia Lewis, 1877 is a serious pest of cultivated the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus in China. The complete mitochondrial genome of this species was reported for the first time in this study. The mitogenome was 17,555 bp in length and had a base composition of 39.4% A, 36.1% T, 8.7% G and 15.3% C, which indicated that the base composition was AT-biased. Similar to other species of Coleoptera, the mitogenome of T. ainonia contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA unit genes, and a large noncoding region. Phylogenetic analysis based on mitogenomes suggested that the family Erotylidae was a monophyletic group.
