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Psoriasis is a lifelong condition which is caused by the negative signals produced by immune system, which leads to hyper proliferation and other inflammatory reactions on the skin. In this case, keratinocytes which are the outermost layer of skin possess shortened life cycle and results in the alteration of desquamation process where the cytokines...
Citations
... Skin irritation and toxicity are considered essential for the transdermal drug delivery system which can provide a target effect. Several technologies have been developed to enhance the efficacy and safety of topical drug therapy [13,14]. Furthermore, the new drug strategy offers the opportunity to design new formulations for topical psoriasis therapy. ...
Objective: The present investigation aimed to prepare a smilax china loaded nanoemulsion using tween 80 as a surfactant and propylene glycol as a co-surfactant. Formulation of such drugs in nanoparticulate drug delivery will be advantageous for reducing dosing frequency, longer residence time, improved permeation, and patient compliance. Methods: High-speed homogenization method. The smilax china oil was prepared by collecting the extract of smilax china leaves into the coconut oil and then used as a solvent. The authentication studies of smilax china and coconut oil were evaluated for their organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics. The quantitative estimation and pre-formulation study of quercetin was carried out which has major anti-psoriatic properties. Surfactant and co-surfactant were selected and the solubility studies of oil and Surfactants were done. The nanoemulsion was characterized by particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency (%). Results: This nanoemulsion provides the particle size and entrapment efficiency range between 80.52 to 89.78 nm and 68.66 to 70.16 % respectively. Batch SC1 showed the lowest particle size, PDI, and optimized drug entrapment effectiveness (%), indicating good particle size consistency within the remaining formulation batches. The optimized formulation SC 1 was found to be stable for 90 d. Conclusion: The formulated nanoemulsion showed significant antipsoriasis activity due to the presence of quercetin which has a rhetorical yield of 1.066 mg per 5 gm powder of smilax china leaves. Formulated smilax china-loaded nanoemulsion, has the potential as an effective antipsoriasis agent with a good spreading property with faster absorption which is beneficial for reducing drug concentration with maximum therapeutic effect.
... Drug molecules with target effect on the skin tissues and other inflammations should be selected for the treatment of psoriasis. Most of the existing drugs lead to systemic intoxication and dryness when applied in higher dose [5]. Vesicular nanocarrier system plays important role in treatment of Psoriasis through topical delivery. ...
... There are some hydrogels used with or without lipid carriers for Transdermal drug delivery of drugs which are reported as per below. Agarose Natural Hydrogel patch [2] Chitosan Natural Hydrogel patch [3] Dextran Natural Hydrogel patch [4] Pectin Natural Matrix patch [5] Poloxamer Synthetic Hydrogel patch [6] Polyvinyl alcohol Synthetic Hydrogel patch [7] Polyacrylamide Synthetic Hydrogel patch [8] Alginate-Pluronic F127 composite Synthetic Hydrogel patch [9] Polyacrylamide, pHEMA, carbopol 93 Synthetic Hydrogel patch ...
... The studies showed that chitosan solid lipid nanoparticles combined with Tretinoin resulted in an efficient topical treatment for psoriasis. 138 Diclofenac sodium was also successfully tested for dermal route administration through different glycol nanogels. The gels were optimized for homogeneity, particle size, pH, drug content, in vitro drug release, skin irritation test, spread ability, extrudability, and viscosity. ...
A nanogel is a cross-linked nano-sized, a three-dimensional network of hydrophilic polymers with an ability to swell by holding large amount of water while maintaining the structure due to chemical or physical cross-linking of individual polymer chains. Nanogels can be made up of synthetic and/or natural polymers resulting in a cationic, anionic, or neutral system depending on the bound groups’ charges. Currently, these materials are receiving tremendous attention in research due to their properties. They are extensively investigated as carriers in the biomedical field. At present, there is an expansion of research into dermatologic treatment due to a critical need for new treatment options to treat skin diseases. The skin itself provides a natural barrier against particle penetration for topical delivery. However, it also offers a potential approach for the delivery of therapeutics, especially in diseased skin via the openings of hair follicles. Recent innovation might be achieved in the field of dermatological treatment with improvement in the dermal localization of bio-actives into the affected skin region. This report looks at what has been done in the investigation of nanogels as drug carriers for topical therapy.
... This therapy is long term up to 1 year sometimes it possesses no benefit. ReConnective therapy (RCT), the Narrow Band-UVB (NB-UVB) phototherapy is frequently used as main treatment of phototherapy in psoriasis is it can be given to any patient which includes pregnant women and children 20,21,22 . ...
Plasma is the fourth state of matter other than solid, liquid and gases. About 99 percent of mixture of free positive negative charges, neutral particles and photons. The plasma exists in two forms: hot plasma and cold plasma. Hot plasma is used in metallurgical operations while cold plasma is used in medical, skin psoriasis treatment, food agricultural, preservation and waste water treatment. Many clinical studies prove the effectiveness of cold plasma in dermatological disease management. Recent researches have established that combined use of cold plasma and nano-formulations is helpful in delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. Plaque psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder in which silvery, thick, dead layer of skin shades off and cause inflammation, sometimes bleeding. It occurs in 3-4 percent of total world population. Scientific studies have proved that nano-scale particles permeate easily and interact with immune cells like lnterleukin-16, cytokines and TNF-alfa during inflammation and autoimmune disorders. As a result of which, thick layer of keratinocytes is produced and formation of TNF-alfa and interleukin is inhibited which are the causes of Plaque psoriasis. Since conventional medication has only been helpful in managing it, researches have been carried out using various techniques like phototherapy, use of UVA, UVB, IPL (Intense Pulsed Light), PDL (Pulsed Dye Light), LASER and low-level LASER light etc. but their excess exposure causes risk of skin cancer. Other therapies like use of nanometric Liposomes, Niosomes and their combination therapy are some novel clinical techniques for combating symptoms but are still in clinical trial. Since, Plasma therapy is non irritating and stops the triggering mechanism of inflammation, hence the use of nanotechnological topical formulation in combination with plasma therapy has the potential to become possible treatment of Plaque Psoriasis in future.
... Conventional delivery technologies, including sustained release dosage forms, are incapable of meeting any of these requirements [2]. In contrast to conventional drug delivery systems, the novel drug delivery method maintains drug action at a predefined rate that is generally constant (zero-order kinetics), maintains a suitable drug level in the body, and eliminates serious adverse effects all at the same time [104,105]. A targeted drug delivery strategy that uses carriers or chemical derivatization may also be used to localize drug activity in the affected tissue or organ [106]. ...
... The topical delivery of drugs is recommended for psoriasis for local action and to avoid the first-pass metabolism. Nevertheless, conventional anti-psoriatic drug formulations such as creams, ointments, and gels are becoming outdated due to poor percutaneous absorption and patient incompliance due to greasiness and stickiness (Vincent et al. 2014: Abdelgawad et al. 2015. Some drugs such as methotrexate, cyclosporin, clobetasol propionate, calcipotriol, betamethasone, tazarotene, temoporfin, and tretinoin are used to treat psoriasis, however, the application of a high dose of these drugs using conventional formulations would create toxicity (Vincent et al. 2014). ...
... Nevertheless, conventional anti-psoriatic drug formulations such as creams, ointments, and gels are becoming outdated due to poor percutaneous absorption and patient incompliance due to greasiness and stickiness (Vincent et al. 2014: Abdelgawad et al. 2015. Some drugs such as methotrexate, cyclosporin, clobetasol propionate, calcipotriol, betamethasone, tazarotene, temoporfin, and tretinoin are used to treat psoriasis, however, the application of a high dose of these drugs using conventional formulations would create toxicity (Vincent et al. 2014). To minimize the toxic effects and to improve the targeting effects, novel drug delivery systems have been introduced especially for mild and moderate psoriasis. ...
Nanodermatology is an exponentially growing area and this chapter provides a general overview of the potential applications of nanotechnology in dermatology. In order to contextualize this topic, different examples of nanosystems are presented along with a brief discussion on the anatomy and physiology of the skin. Then, the significance of nanomaterials as a diagnostic tool is highlighted with several examples while the role of nanotechnology in effective, targeted, and efficient drug delivery is presented in detail. In addition, the recent and anticipated advances in nanotechnology for cosmeceuticals are also discussed. Thus the chapter covers a vast array of applications of nanomaterials in skin care. Although nanodermatology has an inevitable future, the possible toxic effects and the related safety concerns could not be neglected. Thus special emphasis is given to discuss current controversial views on cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity associated with nanomaterials.KeywordsNanocarriersNanocosmeceuticalsNanodermatologySkincareToxicity
... Psoriasis is categorized into mild, moderate, and severe. Mild psoriasis can appear in the form of a rash; the skin becomes scaly in moderate psoriasis and in severe psoriasis and red patches may emerge on the skin surface [30]. Retinoids may help this condition by inducing cell differentiation, inhibiting cell proliferation and exerting immunomodulatory and inflammatory effects [28,31]. ...
Dermatological conditions, such as acne, photoaging, psoriasis, and wounds, have been treated topically with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for many years owing to its anti-inflammatory activity, comedolytic effect, and ability to increase collagen production. However, common side effects of ATRA known as the retinoid reaction can occur. These side effects are countered by ATRA encapsulation in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), and liposomes. Liposomes used to encapsulate ATRA include niosomes, ethosomes, and transfersomes. Side effects involving inflammatory reactions, such as irritation, redness, and erythema, were diminished using these approaches. The use of such carriers enhanced the efficacy of ATRA by enhancing its permeation into skin. These formulations have been compared in terms of improving the activity of ATRA and the ability to relieve the side effects. Further research into different delivery systems for ATRA using various formulations will improve the future of topical ATRA delivery.
... It can be classified based on the severity of the disease and broadly three types: mild, moderate and severe. In mild conditions, the skin becomes rashy, followed by scaly skin in moderate conditions and that finally leads to the formation of red spots, and at this severe stage, the skin becomes itchy [72]. The primary treatment method for psoriasis is still topical therapy. ...
... Most currently used medications cause systemic toxicity and dryness when used in larger doses. Researchers have investigated a variety of systematic methods for topical distribution, including spray, nanogels, hydrogels, micro/ nanoemulsion, liposomes, nanocapsules and transdermal delivery [72]. ...
Background
Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products with biologically active components that have drug-like benefits. Cosmeceuticals are currently rapidly growing segments encompassing the personal care industry and numerous topical cosmetics-based therapies for treating different skin conditions. The barrier nature of skin causes limitations to topical treatment. The effectiveness of this cosmeceutical product has been enhanced a few folds by using nanotechnological modifications.
Main body
PubMed electronic searches for the literature were performed using combinations of the following terms: “cosmeceutical,” “liposome-based cosmeceuticals,” “acne and liposome,” “photo-aging and liposome,” “hyperpigmentation and liposome,” “wrinkles and liposome,” “fungal infections and liposome,” and “hair damage and liposome” from the earliest publication date available to January 5, 2022. Among the various nanotechnological approaches, liposomes offer numerous advantages such as topical cosmeceutical products, starting from improved moisturization, biodegradability, biocompatibility, enhanced permeation and retention, improved bioavailability of the active ingredients, increased esthetic appeal of cosmeceutical products, slow and extended dermal release. This review outlines various liposome-based cosmeceutical products that has been investigated to treat skin disorders such as photoaging, wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, hair damage and fungal infections.
Conclusion
Liposome-based cosmeceuticals provide a better opportunity to deliver therapeutic moiety for various skin conditions and offer potential promise for future clinical applications.
Graphical Abstract
... As a potential alternative approach, topical delivery of MTX not only minimizes the hazards associated with the systemic delivery of MTX through parenteral or oral routes (e.g. hepatotoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis, nephropathy, and thrombocytopenia) [9,10] but also could improve the targeting efficiency as well as providing a high localized drug concentration [11,12]. ...
Objective
To achieve an effective topical formulation of Methotrexate (MTX) as a first-line treatment of psoriasis, we formulated three MTX-loaded electrospun nanofibrous patches composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), Eudragit L100, and a mixture of them.
Significance
Topical delivery of MTX provides an appropriate therapeutic performance while circumventing the life-threatening side effects of systemic administration.
Methods
Three MTX-loaded electrospun nanofibrous patches were prepared and characterized in terms of size and morphology (using SEM), thermal behavior (by TGA and DSC), and crystalline structure (using XRD). Furthermore, the wettability and mechanical strength of samples were investigated through water contact angle and tensile strength tests. Also, the encapsulation efficiency of MTX was calculated. Subsequently, in vitro drug release profile of each formulation was obtained and different kinetic models were fitted to achieve the best-matched model. Accordingly, the ex vivo skin permeation of MTX was studied for the optimum formulation.
Results
All samples showed appropriate morphology, thermal behavior, and encapsulation efficiency. Also, XRD results showed that MTX is dispersed within the polymeric matrices in the amorphous state (with no crystalline region). Release studies demonstrated that MTX-loaded Eudragit L100-PCL formulation outperformed in terms of mechanical behavior and in vitro drug release. This formulation also exhibited better skin permeation.
Conclusion
The obtained controlled-release MTX-loaded electrospun patches seem promising to provide a long-acting topical treatment of psoriatic plaques with minimized systemic side effects.
... Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which epithelial cell proliferation increases compared to normal skin [42]. e effects of methotrexate and clobetasol on cell proliferation [43] and the impact of these drugs on the immune system justify the effectiveness of these drugs in this disease that some patients might be sensitive to during long-term treatment [44]. Noscapine as an old drug has significant clinical effects, including antitussive properties and cell proliferation. ...
Psoriasis is considered an autoimmune inflammatory disease. The disease is spread and diagnosed by the infiltration of inflammatory mediators and cells into the epidermis. Recent theoretical developments have focused on the effectiveness of noscapine (NOS) as a potential alkaloid for being used as a valuable treatment for different diseases. In the present study, psoriasis-like dermatitis was induced on the right ear pinna surface of male Balb/c mice by topical application of imiquimod (IMQ) for ten consecutive days, which was treated with noscapine (0.3, 1, 3, and 10% w/v) or clobetasol (0.05% w/v) as a positive control. The levels of ear length, thickness, severity of skin inflammation, psoriatic itch, psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score, and body weight were measured daily. On the 10th day of study, each ear was investigated for inflammation, fibrosis, proliferation, and apoptosis using histopathological (H&E and Masson’s trichrome staining) and immunohistochemistry (Ki67 and p53 staining) assays. Furthermore, the levels of inflammatory biomarkers were characterized by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results confirmed IMQ-induced psoriasis for five consecutive days. In contrast, noscapine significantly reduced the ear length, thickness, severity of skin inflammation, psoriatic itch and body weight, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-17, and IL-23p19 in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.001–0.05 for all cases). Overall, topical noscapine significantly ameliorated both the macroscopical and microscopical features of psoriasis. However, further clinical investigations are required to translate the effects to clinics.
