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![Nondemineralized bone sections (toluidine blue stain). (A): osteoclasts and mast cell showing extrusion of metachromatic granules (thin arrow). A round mast cell in the bone marrow (empty arrow). (B): plump fibroblast-like preosteoblasts (arrow) surround a poorly organized bone matrix. (C): bone-forming surface with a wide unmineralized osteoid seam lined by osteoblasts. (D): numerous cement lines delimit the bone fragments, giving a mosaic appearance to the section. (E): the marrow spaces are replaced by fibrocellular tissue. [magnification: (A and C): 40x; (B and E): 10x; (D): 20x].](publication/325067035/figure/fig1/AS:625103901556745@1526047792264/Nondemineralized-bone-sections-toluidine-blue-stain-A-osteoclasts-and-mast-cell.png)
Nondemineralized bone sections (toluidine blue stain). (A): osteoclasts and mast cell showing extrusion of metachromatic granules (thin arrow). A round mast cell in the bone marrow (empty arrow). (B): plump fibroblast-like preosteoblasts (arrow) surround a poorly organized bone matrix. (C): bone-forming surface with a wide unmineralized osteoid seam lined by osteoblasts. (D): numerous cement lines delimit the bone fragments, giving a mosaic appearance to the section. (E): the marrow spaces are replaced by fibrocellular tissue. [magnification: (A and C): 40x; (B and E): 10x; (D): 20x].
Source publication
Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSH) is uncommon in horses. Aim of this report is evaluate an alternative therapeutic approach and provide more information on the diagnostic procedures, through detailed microscopic findings of the bone lesions pony with NSH. Administration of tiludronate along with a balanced diet can be used in a treatm...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... numerous preosteoblasts with fibroblastic morphology. Fibrous connective tissue frequently covered the trabecular surfaces and replaced some of the reticular stroma of the marrow. Finally, a patchwork of numerous irregular bone fragments, stained and oriented differently, caused some trabeculae to take on a characteristic mosaic appearance (Fig. 3). http://www.openveterinaryjournal.com L. Lacitignola et al. Open Veterinary Journal, (2018), Vol. 8(2): 149-153 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ...
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Citations
... causes calcium to be released from bones into the blood, potentially leading to brittle bones over time. The condition can also result in a swollen face, hence the name Big Head Disease [15]. ...
Aim: Osteodystrophia fibrosa is known as nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism which is considered a rare disease. This study aimed to determine the occurrence, serum biochemical, levels of calcium and phosphorus in the faeces, and phytate-oxalate levels in feeds. The clinical features along with the clinical parameters of the horses were evaluated. Methods: Blood samples were collected for serum biochemical analysis and parathyroid hormone levels were evaluated using standard procedures. Results: The clinical features of Osteodystrophia fibrosa observed were enlarged facial bone, poor body condition score, and lameness with an occurrence of 71.2% among sampled horses. The respiratory and pulse rates along with the body temperature of the clinically diseased horses were all within normal ranges and were not significant (p > 0.05). On haematology, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the evaluated parameters. The serum calcium of clinically diseased horses was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in Zaria (2.47±0.03) and Sabon gari (2.24±0.02) when compared to non-clinically diseased. Phosphorus levels were not significantly different (p > 0.05) while parathyroid hormones of clinically diseased horses were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Zaria (93.01±6.44) and Sabon gari (81.01±6.34) when compared to non-clinically diseased. The faecal calcium and phosphorous level were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Oxalate was found in Vossia cuspidate, phytate was recorded in corn bran and soya bean hull fed to the horses. Conclusion: Osteodystrophia fibrosa exists in the study area and the nature of the horses’ feeds could predispose horses to the occurrence of the condition.
... All patients took active vitamin D daily according to the guidelines of General Understanding on Reasonable Application of Active Vitamin D in Hyperparathyroidism Secondary to Chronic Kidney Disease (revised edition) [15], and the treatment lasted for 3 months. In addition, patients in group A were subjected to microwave ablation of parathyroid glands, specifically as follows: an experienced doctor was selected to carry out the whole process of microwave ablation of parathyroid glands. ...
Purpose: To investigate the effect of microwave ablation of parathyroid glands in combination with active vitamin D on blood pressure and cardiac function in maintenance-hemodialysis patients with uremic secondary hyperparathyroidism. Methods: One hundred and twenty maintenance-hemodialysis patients with uremic secondary hyperparathyroidism admitted to Meizhou People’s Hospital were assigned to 2 groups (A and B) in the order of their admission. Each group had 60 patients. Both groups were treated with active vitamin D, while patients in group A were, in addition, subjected to microwave ablation of parathyroid glands. Blood pressure, and indices for cardiac function, thyroid function s and anemia were determined. Results: After treatment, the blood pressure of group A was significantly lower than that of group B (p < 0.05). Moreover, after treatment, there were significant improvements in indices of cardiac function, thyroid function and anemia in group A patients, relative to group B patients. Conclusion: Microwave ablation of parathyroid glands, when combined with active vitamin D, improves blood pressure, cardiac function and anemia status. Furthermore, the combined therapy enhances recovery of thyroid function in maintenance-hemodialysis patients with uremic secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, the combined therapy should be subjected to further clinical trials prior to application in clinical practice. Keywords: Microwave ablation; Parathyroid glands; Active vitamin D; Hyperparathyroidism
... Nevertheless, Ca contents of beef heart are far below suggested for the diet of the comparable species Cichlasoma urophthalmus (0.6 g/ kg vs. 1.8 g/kg), while P is exceeding recommendations (20.6 g/kg vs. 1.5 g/kg), leading to a Ca/P of 0.03, while ratios of 1.3 are recommended (Chavez-Sanchez, Martinez-Palacios, Martinez-Perez, & Ross, 2000). Such low-Ca and high-P diets are known to cause alimentary secondary hyperparathyroidism in non-aquatic species like horses (Lacitignola et al., 2018), rabbits (Bas et al., 2005), dogs (Kawaguchi, Braga, Takahashi, Ochiai, & Itakura, 1993), reptiles (Mans & Braun, 2014), cats (Tomsa et al., 1999) and birds (Wallach & Flieg, 1969). This condition is caused by calcium deficiency or an imbalance of Ca/P in the diet and leads to hypocalcaemia, which causes increased release of parathyroid hormone, resulting in chronic bone resorption. ...
Hole‐in‐the‐head (HITH) disease‐affected fish develop characteristic lesions in the skin above sensory pores of the head and the trunk. This study investigated whether an unfavourable Ca/P ratio in the diet could provoke lesions consistent with HITH disease in discus fish Symphysodon (Heckel, 1840) as a comparable condition to secondary hyperparathyroidism of tetrapod species. Two groups of five fish were fed a plain beef heart diet (Ca/P of 0.03), whereas two other groups were kept on commercial discus feed (Ca/P of 2.73). Each feeding group was submitted to two different water hardness regimes (35.66–71.39 mg/L CaCO3 and 124.94–196.33 mg/L CaCO3, respectively). All fish were observed for the development of the characteristic lesions for 16 weeks. At the end of the study, histological, bacteriological and parasitological examinations were conducted and plasma Ca, P and Mg values were determined. Diplomonad flagellates were detected in two fish. Isolated bacteria of all groups mostly belonged to Aeromonadales and Pseudomonadales. No significant difference of plasma mineral values between the groups was observed. Compared to the results of other authors, Ca stayed mainly in the range and P exceeded the reference values. Histological examinations did not indicate HITH disease, and no fish developed signs of the disease during the study.
Clinical trial registration number GZ 68.205/0135‐WF/V/36/2014.
Equine primary hyperparathyroidism is rare compared with the condition in human medicine where it is often encountered and represents the most common explanation for hypercalcemia in the outpatient setting. Primary hyperparathyroidism results from a hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland and surgical treatment (parathyroidectomy) is typically curative. Successful surgical removal of a diseased parathyroid gland can be challenging in horses as both normal and hyperfunctioning glands are difficult to localise. Identification of surgical targets using ultrasonography and/or Technetium‐99 m sestimibi scintigraphy are useful for this purpose in both the human and equine contexts. However, these localisation approaches are not always effective. Moreover, not all patients are candidates for general anaesthesia and surgery and the costs associated with diagnostic localisation and parathyroidectomy may be prohibitive for some owners. This commentary presents information about primary hyperparathyroidism in the event that it is not treated and strives to review aspects of the disease when left untreated from the human medical context.
La importancia del calcio en muchos procesos metabólicos es conocida, y su importante relación con la salud y las bajas tasas de supervivencia han sido reportadas. En Colombia, el hiperparatiroidismo secundario nutricional por deficiencias de calcio, está reportado y ha sido reconocido desde hace décadas como patología con signos clínicos que se hacen evidentes tardíamente y puede comenzar con signos leves como claudicaciones intermitentes, pero solo pacientes con cambios severos son evaluados por desmineralización, principalmente en huesos de la cabeza. Esto genera un gran impacto por pérdida de animales por problemas musculoesqueléticos. Adicional a esto, múltiples factores nutricionales y de manejo en la producción equina en el país, pueden afectar la absorción y el metabolismo de calcio, exacerbando la incidencia de la enfermedad. Y aunque se realizan pruebas diagnósticas, solo confirman el cuadro avanzado y no se han estudiado pruebas para un diagnóstico temprano de resorción, antes que las lesiones avancen. El objetivo es entender la enfermedad y evaluar la posibilidad diagnóstica del Telopéptido carboxilo terminal del colágeno I (CTX I) en una etapa temprana de la enfermedad disminuyendo su impacto atlético y económico. Se realizó revisión de fuentes impresas y electrónicas, consultando bases de datos y revistas depositadas en Universidades, sin restricción de fecha, con descriptores en todos los idiomas relacionados a la enfermedad y diagnóstico. Y se evaluaron las opciones del uso de CTX en el diagnóstico de problemas de resorción ósea.
