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Nitrate is a promising heat transfer fluid in solar thermal power and nuclear power systems, but its leakage can cause serious environmental problems. The present paper investigates the deep and prolonged migration of high concentrations of nitrate into the soil system, and the associated diffusion range is studied to estimate and reduce the enviro...
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... order to validate the numerical model for high concentration nitrate migration, a small scale experimental system has been established [28], as illustrated in Figure 3. The cylinder, which is 700 mm in height and 110 mm in inner diameter, is made of plexiglass, and SOIL I is packed inside the cylinder. ...
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Citations
... Numerical models have been used to study nitrate diffusion phenomena in soil and groundwater. Many researchers use HYDRUS-1D to study the migration of nitrates in soil (Tao et al., 2021;Zhang et al., 2020). Accordingly, the Hydrus-1D software was used in this study to establish a numerical model of the reactive transfer and transformation of nitrogen. ...
The Xiong’an New Area (XA) was established as a development hub in China. Excessive exploitation of groundwater has caused a series of environmental and geological problems, restricting further development of XA. The widely distributed ponds in this area have been targeted as convenient and efficient sites of artificial groundwater recharge. However, nitrogen accumulation in the shallow vadose zone associated with agricultural activities may pose environmental risks to groundwater during the recharge and infiltration process. Therefore, this study investigated the effects, transfer, and transformation of nitrogen during artificial groundwater recharge. The aeration zone is thick and the medium comprises fine particles, with total nitrogen and nitrate accumulation mainly in the shallow aeration zone. In indoor experiments, the nitrate removal rate reached 83.5% when organic carbon in the source water was increased by 10 mg/L. For Baigou diversion river water(BW) with slightly higher (14.46 mg/L) and lower (5.04 mg/L) nitrate contents, the nitrate content decreased by 26.0% (10.70 mg/L) and 26.8% (3.69 mg/L), respectively, after 150 days. When the water head was increased by 20 cm to increase the recharge rate, the time required for nitrate and ammonium to reach the maximum and equilibrium concentration was reduced by 50%. These findings indicate that nitrogen concentration in the source water, aeration zone media, and groundwater should be considered in pond replenishment. It is also necessary to control the concentration of organic carbon and the rate of recharge, which would provide guidance for other similar projects.
... However, groundwater is a dynamic mobile system, and nitrate is a highly migrated component in water. To identify and evaluate the impact of human activities such as agriculture on an underground environment, an in-depth multi-components analysis and discussion of groundwater chemical evolution over several years is necessary [17][18][19]. ...
... Sodium hazard is expressed in terms of the percent sodium (Na%) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Water was classified as low (<10), medium (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), high (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26), and very high (>26) sodium hazards based on the sodium adsorption ratio [34,35]. In addition, the classification of water-based on percent sodium was classified as excellent (<20%), good (20-40%), permissible (40-60%), doubtful (60-80%), and unsuitable (>80%) [36]. ...
... According to the WHO (2011) standard, the distribution weight (W i ) and relative weight (w i ) of each parameter are listed in Table 1, and the calculated WQI values of samples in this area ranges from 5.65-3268. 19. The distinguished classifications based on WQI scores are: (I) <50, excellent water; (II) 50-100, good water; (III) 100-200, poor water; (IV) 200-300, very poor water; and (V) >300, unfit for drinking water. ...
Groundwater is subjected to contamination threats from human activities, such as agriculture, especially long-term farming in the Sanjiang Plain, China. Identifying the sources and distribution of pollution is essential for its reasonable prevention and control. In this study, we analysed the chemical characteristics of 389 samples at 60 shallow groundwater monitoring points from 2011 to 2015 in the Sanjiang Plain using traditional hydrochemical methods, water quality assessment, Pearson’s correlation, and principal component analysis (PCA). Although groundwater type in this area was predominantly HCO3-Ca·Mg, three forms of nitrogen pollution (ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite) were all detected in this area. The interaction of natural geochemical and anthropogenic factors during hydrochemical formation is confirmed by the high coefficients of variation and Gibbs plots of the main ions in the water. The overall shallow groundwater situation was described as good, with more than 40% and 90% of groundwater samples suitable for drinking and irrigation according to the quality assessment, respectively. The proportion of poor water quality in the wet season was higher than that in the dry season. NO3-N and NH3-N were identified as the major anthropogenic pollutants in the study area. Results from Pearson’s correlation and principal component analysis shows two main pollutants fall into two chemical controlling factors together with natural chemical parameters, which implies that the migration and transformation of pollutants may have affected the overall hydrochemical characteristics of the regional groundwater. Therefore, findings from this paper can provide insight into the chemical evolution of groundwater in response to long-term agricultural activities and can help contribute to better management of groundwater resources and agricultural sustainable development.
