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Niesslia echinoides (holotype). A, habit of the fungus on the lower surface of the host thallus; B, section through perithecium covered by dark brown setae; C, exciple composed of several rows of cells with dark brown external part and hyaline inner part; D, hyaline setae; E, ascus with entire, 1-septate ascospores; F, asci with broken ascospores; G, mature part spores without perispore, outside of an ascus. Scales: A ¼ 200 mm; B ¼ 50 mm; C–G ¼ 10 mm. In colour online.
Source publication
Niesslia echinoides Etayo, Flakus & Kukwa sp. nov. is described from Bolivia from the corticolous thallus of Erioderma barbellatum. The fungus is characterized by large ascospores usually breaking into halves within the asci, strongly setose and aggregated ascomata, usually simple setae, and no damage caused to the host thallus.
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Citations
... However, there are two Niesslia species previously described from Erioderma hosts. The first one is Niesslia echi noides growing on Erioderma barbellatum from Bolivia which differs from the new species by having the ascomata wall with two different layers, longer asci, 47-57 μm, and longer ascospores, 13 -15 μm, which break in half within the asci (Etayo et al. 2013). The other species, Niesslia evae is known from Ecuador, where it is growing on Erioderma spp., and can be distinguished by larger, obpyriform, grey brown, ascomata, 150 -200 µm wide, a thicker and complex ascomatal wall, 35 -40 µm thick and multi-spored asci with 22 -32 globose spore fragments (Etayo 2017). ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Aschersonia mackerrasiae on whitefly, Cladosporium corticola on bark of Melaleuca quinquenervia, Penicillium nudgee from soil under Melaleuca quinquenervia, Pseudocercospora blackwoodiae on leaf spot of Persoonia falcata, and Pseudocercospora dalyelliae on leaf spot of Senna alata. Bolivia, Aspicilia lutzoniana on fully submersed siliceous schist in high-mountain streams, and Niesslia parviseta on the lower part and apothecial discs of Erioderma barbellatum onatwig. Brazil, Cyathus bonsai on decaying wood, Geastrum albofibrosum from moist soil with leaf litter, Laetiporus pratigiensis on a trunk of a living unknown hardwood tree species, and Scytalidium synnematicum on dead twigs of unidentified plant. Bulgaria, Amanita abscondita on sandy soil in a plantation of Quercus suber. Canada, Penicillium acericola on dead bark of Acer saccharum, and Penicillium corticola on dead bark of Acer saccharum. China, Colletotrichum qingyuanense on fruit lesion of Capsicum annuum. Denmark, Helminthosphaeria leptospora on corticioid Neohypochnicium cremicolor. Ecuador (Galapagos), Phaeosphaeria scalesiae on Scalesia sp. Finland, Inocybe jacobssonii on calcareouss oils in dry forests and park habitats. France, Cortinarius rufomyrrheus on sandy soil under Pinus pinaster, and Periconia neominutissima on leaves of Poaceae. India, Coprinopsis fragilis on decaying bark of logs, Filoboletus keralensis on unidentified woody substrate, Penicillium sankaranii from soil, Physisporinus tamilnaduensis on the trunk of Azadirachta indica, and Poronia nagaraholensis on elephant dung. Iran, Neosetophoma fic on infected leaves of Ficus elastica. Israel, Cnidariophoma eilatica (incl. Cnidariophoma gen. nov.) from Stylophora pistillata. Italy, Lyophyllum obscurum on acidic soil. Namibia, Aureobasidium faidherbiae on dead leaf of Faidherbia albida, and Aureobasidium welwitschiae on dead leaves of Welwitschia mirabilis. Netherlands, Gaeumannomycella caricigena on dead culms of Carex elongata, Houtenomyces caricicola (incl. Houtenomyces gen. nov.) on culms of Carex disticha, Neodacampia ulmea (incl. Neodacampia gen. nov.) on branch of Ulmus laevis, Niesslia phragmiticola on dead standing culms of Phragmites australis, Pseudopyricularia caricicola on culms of Carex disticha, and Rhodoveronaea nieuwwulvenica on dead bamboo sticks. Norway, Arrhenia similis half-buried and moss-covered pieces of rotting wood in grass-grownpath. Pakistan, Mallocybe ahmadii on soil. Poland, Beskidomyces laricis (incl. Beskidomyces gen. nov.) from resin of Larix decidua ssp. polonica, Lapidomyces epipinicola from sooty mould community on Pinus nigra, and Leptographium granulatum from a gallery of Dendroctonus micans on Picea abies. Portugal, Geoglossum azoricum on mossy areas of laurel forest areas planted with Cryptomeria japonica, and Lunasporangiospora lusitanica from a biofilm covering a bio deteriorated limestone wall. Qatar, Alternaria halotolerans from hypersaline sea water, and Alternaria qatarensis from water sample collected from hypersaline lagoon. South Africa, Alfaria thamnochorti on culm of Thamnochortus fraternus, Knufia aloeicola on Aloe gariepensis, Muriseptatomyces restionacearum (incl.Muriseptatomyces gen. nov.) on culms of Restionaceae, Neocladosporium arctotis on nest of cases of bagworm moths(Lepidoptera, Psychidae) on Arctotis auriculata, Neodevriesia scadoxi on leaves of Scadoxus puniceus, Paraloratospora schoenoplecti on stems of Schoenoplectus lacustris, Tulasnella epidendrea from the roots of Epidendrum × obrienianum, and Xenoidriella cinnamomi (incl. Xenoidriella gen. nov.) on leaf of Cinnamomum camphora. South Korea, Lemonniera fraxinea on decaying leaves of Fraxinus sp. frompond. Spain, Atheniella lauri on the bark of fallen trees of Laurus nobilis, Halocryptovalsa endophytica from surface-sterilised, asymptomatic roots of Salicornia patula, Inocybe amygdaliolens on soil in mixed forest, Inocybe pityusarum on calcareous soil in mixed forest, Inocybe roseobulbipes on acidic soils, Neonectria borealis from roots of Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris, Sympoventuria eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., and Tuber conchae fromsoil. Sweden, Inocybe bidumensis on calcareous soil. Thailand, Cordyceps sandindaengensis on Lepidoptera pupa, buried in soil, Ophiocordyceps kuchinaraiensis on Coleoptera larva, buried in soil, and Samsoniella winandae on Lepidoptera pupa, buriedinsoil. Taiwan region (China), Neophaeosphaeria livistonae on dead leaf of Livistona rotundifolia. Türkiye, Melanogaster anatolicus on clay loamy soils. UK, Basingstokeomyces allii (incl. Basingstokeomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Allium schoenoprasum. Ukraine, Xenosphaeropsis corni on recently dead stem of Cornus alba. USA, Nothotrichosporon aquaticum (incl. Nothotrichosporon gen. nov.) from water, and Periconia philadelphiana from swab of coil surface. Morphological and culture characteristics for these new taxa are supported by DNA barcodes.
... The genus Niesslia (Niessliaceae, Hypocreales) contains approximately 100 species, some of which are common on decaying plant and fungal substrates, such as conifer twigs and needles, wood, leaves of grasses, lichens, and polypores, where they are saprotrophic, hypersaprotrophic, or parasitic (Ashrafi et al. 2017;Etayo et al. 2013;Gams et al. 2019). Interestingly, two Niesslia species were observed parasitizing eggs of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi (Ashrafi et al. 2017). ...
Endophytes of healthy Picea needles were isolated in a mycological survey within the Acadian forest of southeastern New Brunswick, Canada. The goal of the survey was to better characterize conifer endophyte diversity and their natural products. Many new species and natural products have been discovered while illuminating that the life histories of these poorly studied fungi are more complex than expected. From the hitherto undescribed species Niesslia endophytica collected from P. mariana, chlorinated and non-chlorinated resorcylic acid lactones were detected by HRMS and radicicol (1), radicicols B (2), and C (3) were characterized. Strasseria geniculata isolated from P. rubens produced the polyketides aspergillumarins A (4) and B (5), the first report of these secondary metabolites from the fungus. Radicicol (1) and aspergillumarins A/B (2,3) had moderate antifungal activity, and no purified compounds had phytotoxic activity. Endophytes of conifers continue to be a reservoir for new fungi and fascinating chemical ecologies.
... The genus Niesslia Auersw. contains a number of lichenicolous species (Etayo et al. 2013), many of them growing Hawksw.) Etayo, described originally growing on Peltigera leucophlebia (Nyl.) ...
Lichens are widely acknowledged to be a key component of high latitude ecosystems. However, the time investment needed for full inventories and the lack of taxonomic identification resources for crustose lichen and lichenicolous fungal diversity have hampered efforts to fully gauge the depth of species richness in these ecosystems. Using a combination of classical field inventory and extensive deployment of chemical and molecular analysis, we assessed the diversity of lichens and associated fungi in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska (USA), a mixed landscape of coastal boreal rainforest and early successional low elevation habitats deglaciated after the Little Ice Age. We collected nearly 5000 specimens and found a total of 947 taxa, including 831 taxa of lichen-forming and 96 taxa of lichenicolous fungi together with 20 taxa of saprotrophic fungi typically included in lichen studies. A total of 98 species (10.3% of those detected) could not be assigned to known species and of those, two genera and 27 species are described here as new to science: Atrophysma cyanomelanos gen. et sp. nov., Bacidina circumpulla , Biatora marmorea , Carneothele sphagnicola gen. et sp. nov., Cirrenalia lichenicola , Corticifraga nephromatis , Fuscidea muskeg , Fuscopannaria dillmaniae , Halecania athallina , Hydropunctaria alaskana , Lambiella aliphatica , Lecania hydrophobica , Lecanora viridipruinosa , Lecidea griseomarginata , L. streveleri , Miriquidica gyrizans , Niesslia peltigerae , Ochrolechia cooperi , Placynthium glaciale , Porpidia seakensis , Rhizocarpon haidense , Sagiolechia phaeospora , Sclerococcum fissurinae , Spilonema maritimum , Thelocarpon immersum , Toensbergia blastidiata and Xenonectriella nephromatis . An additional 71 ‘known unknown’ species are cursorily described. Four new combinations are made: Lepra subvelata (G. K. Merr.) T. Sprib., Ochrolechia minuta (Degel.) T. Sprib., Steineropsis laceratula (Hue) T. Sprib. & Ekman and Toensbergia geminipara (Th. Fr.) T. Sprib. & Resl. Thirty-eight taxa are new to North America and 93 additional taxa new to Alaska. We use four to eight DNA loci to validate the placement of ten of the new species in the orders Baeomycetales , Ostropales , Lecanorales , Peltigerales , Pertusariales and the broader class Lecanoromycetes with maximum likelihood analyses. We present a total of 280 new fungal DNA sequences. The lichen inventory from Glacier Bay National Park represents the second largest number of lichens and associated fungi documented from an area of comparable size and the largest to date in North America. Coming from almost 60°N, these results again underline the potential for high lichen diversity in high latitude ecosystems.
... They inhabit various habitats of almost all climatic zones (e.g. Flakus et al., 2008Flakus et al., , 2014Bilovitz et al., 2011;U'Ren et al., 2012;Zhurbenko et al., 2012;Etayo et al., 2013;Gasparyan et al., 2015;Diederich et al., 2017) and are evolutionarily younger than lichens, and many evolved from typically lichenized fungal evolutionary lineages (Diederich et al., 2018a;Flakus et al., 2019). Lichenicolous fungi are an intermediate form in the evolution between fungi associated with algae in the lichen symbiosis and free growing fungi (Lutzoni et al., 2001;Hafellner, 2004;Hawksworth, 2008;Divakar et al., 2015). ...
The whole article may be obtained till end of November 2019 free of charge from Fungal Ecology via link https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1Zv8C6ExPyWjsN
Taxonomy and diversity of symptomatic lichenicolous fungi (visible as fruitbodies on lichen thalli, their discoloration, and/or deformation) and their specificity to lichen hosts is becoming more and more studied. However, information on their ecology is still scarce. We assess how large the specialization of these fungi towards their hosts and microhabitat is. Epiphytic, epixylic and epigeic lichens and associated lichenicolous fungi were studied on 144 permanent plots in Białowie_za Forest in relation to forest communities, species of tree phorophyte and substrates. On all these three studied levels lichenicolous fungi were more specialized than their lichen hosts. Our study provides the first estimation of ecological dependences between associations of lichenicolous fungi and their hosts, microhabitats and forest communities in a primeval forest ecosystem representative of lowland Europe.
... Short ascomatal setae are also formed in Niesslia (e.g. Etayo et al., 2013), which includes a few lichenicolous representatives (Diederich et al., 2018). However, this genus has unitunicate, longer asci and larger ascomata. ...
The new algicolous fungus Epibryon kondratyukii sp. nov. grows on Coccomyxa-like films on leaves of Polytrichum piliferum in Southern Ukraine. The species is characterized by sessile black setose pseudothecia, short 0–2-celled paraphysoids, 8-spored fissitunicate asci and hyaline 0–1-septate ascospores. The lichenicolous fungi Adelococcus interlatens, Ascochyta candelariellicola, Clypeococcum psoromatis, Epithamnolia rangiferinae, Lawalreea lecanorae, Llimoniella adnata, Merismatium decolorans, Sphaerellothecium cladoniae, Stigmidium bellemerei, S. ramalinae and Weddellomyces epicallopisma are new to the mycobiota of the Ukraine. Cladonia foliacea is a new host for Epithamnolia rangiferinae, Lecidea fuscoatra for Katherinomyces cetrariae, and Flavoplaca austrocitrina for Weddellomyces epicallopisma.
... La identificación de las especies se realizó con el apoyo de literatura especializada, en particular de los trabajos de Korf (1951), Samuels (1973), Carpenter y Dumont (1978), Dennis (1978), Breitenbach y Kränzlin (1984), Spooner (1987), Tretiach (2002), Mo et al. (2005), Liu et al. (2006), Sogonov et al. (2008), Etayo et al. (2013) y Quijada et al. (2015. ...
... Peritecios gregarios, sésiles, globosos que colapsan y dan la apariencia de ser cupulados, color negro, 0.3-0.5 mm de diámetro, setas abundantes, color negro a rojizo oscuro, multiseptadas, 130-250 × 5-7 µm; ascas clavadas, pared muy delgada, tetraspóricas, inamiloides, al madurar se rompen fácilmente y las esporas son liberadas; esporas elipsoides, (20-)25-28(-30) × 8-10 µm, finamente verrucosas, cuando están maduras presentan una gútula grande que abarca casi toda la espora, se observan restos de la pared del asca alrededor de las ascosporas. Notas taxonómicas: el apotecio provisto de espinas de color oscuro y ascas con 4 esporas son caracteres diagnósticos de esta especie (Gams et al., 2019), a excepción del tamaño de las setas y esporas que son más largos en el material estudiado; algunas especies similares a Niesslia aemula son N. globospora Etayo, que también presenta 4 esporas oramentadas por asca, pero es una especie liquenícola, y N. echinoides Etayo, Flakus & Kukwa que tiene setas más cortas que las del espécimen estudiado que además es saprobio (Etayo et al., 2013). Tretiach (2002) describe a N. aemula como un hongo saprobio que crece sobre hojas en descomposición de varias plantas, incluyendo Artocarpus J.R. Forst. ...
Antecedentes y Objetivos:
Aún se conoce poco de los hongos ascomicetos asociados a angiospermas que habitan en el bosque mesófilo de montaña en México, por lo que el objetivo del presente trabajo es incrementar el conocimiento de estos hongos que habitan en ese tipo de vegetación en el estado de Veracruz, México.
Métodos:
Se realizaron muestreos oportunistas en cinco localidades con fragmentos de bosque mesófilo de montaña en los municipios Coatepec, San Andrés Tlalnelhuayocan y Xalapa. Los especímenes se estudiaron macro y microscópicamente siguiendo las técnicas rutinarias para ascomicetos, utilizando literatura especializada para su identificación. Siempre que fue posible se identificó el hospedero sobre el cual estaban creciendo.
Resultados clave:
Se encontraron 13 especies de ascomicetos pertenecientes a los órdenes Diaporthales (familia Gnomoniaceae), Helotiales (Dermateaceae, Helotiaceae), Hypocreales (Bionectriaceae, Niessliaceae), Orbiliales (Orbiliaceae) y Pleosporales (Massarinaceae, Montagnulaceae). De las especies estudiadas siete son nuevos registros para México, dos para Veracruz, una pertenece a una especie no descrita y tres son especies previamente citadas para el país, pero se añaden nuevos datos descriptivos. Hydropisphaera suffulta se encontró creciendo de manera natural con su anamorfo Acremonium sp. Además, se cita un caso de micoparasitismo entre Letendraea helminthicola y Helminthosporium velutinum. Los hongos se encontraron creciendo en individuos de las familias Altingiaceae (Liquidambar styraciflua), Boraginaceae (Varronia sp.), Fabaceae (Inga inicuil), Fagaceae (Quercus sp.), Piperaceae (Piper spp.) y cuatro sobre madera de origen desconocido.
Conclusiones:
El bosque mesófilo de montaña es un reservorio importante de la diversidad de hongos ascomicetos en México y, en este caso, para el estado de Veracruz. En el presente estudio se citan especies de las familias Montagnulaceae y Niessliaceae, que hasta ahora no se habían registrado en este tipo de vegetación. Además se encontraron siete especies que son nuevos registros para México, dos más para Veracruz, y se registra una especie al parecer no descrita del género Belonopsis.
... Family Lit.: Alstrup & Hansen 2001;Etayo 2000Etayo , 2002aEtayo , 2017Etayo & Diederich 1996b;Etayo et al. 2013a;Hawksworth 1975Hawksworth , 1979aTretiach 2002 Lit.: Etayo 2003;Kondratyuk et al. 2013;Matzer 1993; Lit.: Crous et al. 2015;Etayo & Diederich 1996a;Hawksworth 1975Hawksworth , 1979a Minutophoma D. Lit.: Barrasa & Rico 2010;Collin & Lauron 1994;Garnier-Delcourt 2008;Orton 1977;Redhead et al. 2002;Santesson 1993a. Lit.: Arvidsson 1976Arvidsson , 1978Jülich 1972;Lawrey et al. 2007;Parmasto 1998. ...
Lichenicolous fungi represent a highly specialized and successful group of organisms that live exclusively on lichens, most commonly as host-specific parasites, but also as broad-spectrum pathogens, saprotrophs or commensals. We present here the most recent update to the classification of lichenicolous fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota to genus level, arranged phylogenetically according to published classifications. For each genus, all known lichenicolous taxa (obligately lichenicolous taxa, lichenicolous lichens, and facultatively lichenicolous taxa) are listed, along with information about types, synonyms, pertinent literature and whether or not molecular data are available for any of the listed species. The number of accepted lichenicolous fungi is now 2319, with 2000 obligately lichenicolous species, subspecies or varieties, 257 lichenicolous lichens and 62 facultatively lichenicolous taxa. These species are found in 10 different classes of Fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), 55 orders, 115 families and 397 genera. The 2319 total taxa is an increase from the 1559 total species reported in the last published catalogue in 2003, and a larger number than the approximately 1800 reported in the most recent online checklist (www.lichenicolous.net) posted in January 2018. Of the total number of taxa, 2219 (96%) are ascomycetes and 100 (4%) are basidiomycetes. Of the 397 genera containing lichenicolous species, c. 50% (198) are entirely lichenicolous. In addition, six families (Abrothallaceae, Adelococcaceae, Cyphobasidiaceae, Obryzaceae, Polycoccaceae, Sarcopyreniaceae) and two orders (Abrothallales, Cyphobasidiales) are entirely lichenicolous. Sequence information is available for lichenicolous species in 128 (32%) of the 397 genera containing lichenicolous species, and in 56 (28%) of the 198 entirely lichenicolous genera. Many species are known from only one host lichen, but it is likely that broader host ecologies will be discovered as new sequence information is obtained from ongoing microbiome studies. Phaeopyxis Rambold & Triebel is considered as a new synonym of Bachmanniomyces D.Hawksw., resulting in five new combinations B. australis (Rambold & Triebel) Diederich & Pino-Bodas (≡ P. australis), B. carniolicus (Arnold) Diederich & Pino-Bodas (≡ Biatora carniolica), B. muscigenae (Alstrup & E.S.Hansen) Diederich & Pino-Bodas (≡ P. muscigenae), B. punctum (A.Massal.) Diederich & Pino-Bodas (≡ Nesolechia punctum) and B. varius (Coppins, Rambold & Triebel) Diederich & Pino-Bodas (≡ P. varia). As a consequence of a phylogenetic analysis including new sequences, Dactylospora Körb. is regarded as a new synonym of Sclerococcum Fr.: Fr., resulting in one new name (S. acarosporicola Ertz & Diederich) and 46 new combinations. Sclerococcaceae Réblová, Unter. & W.Gams is considered as a new synonym of Dactylosporaceae Bellem. & Hafellner. The new Sclerococcum ophthalmizae Coppins is described. Sclerophyton occidentale Herre is lectotypified on the lichenicolous fungus present in the type specimen and becomes a younger synonym of Sclerococcum parasiticum. A replacement name is Arthonia polydactylonis Diederich & Ertz (≡ A. ceracea). Further new combinations are Abrothallus lobariae (Diederich & Etayo) Diederich & Ertz (≡ Phoma lobariae), A. psoromatis (Zhurb. & U. Braun) Diederich & Zhurb. (≡ P. psoromatis), Asteroglobulus pyramidalis (Etayo) Diederich (≡ Cornutispora pyramidalis), Didymocyrtis grumantiana (Zhurb. & Diederich) Zhurb. & Diederich (≡ Phoma grumantiana), Epithamnolia atrolazulina (Etayo) Diederich (≡ Hainesia atrolazulina), Gyalolechia epiplacynthium (Etayo) Diederich (≡ Fulgensia epiplacynthium), Nesolechia doerfeltii (Alstrup & P.Scholz) Diederich (≡ Phacopsis doerfeltii), N. falcispora (Triebel & Rambold) Diederich (≡ P. falcispora), N. oxyspora var. fusca (Triebel & Rambold) Diederich (≡ P. oxyspora var. fusca), Preussia peltigerae (Brackel) Diederich (≡ Sporormiella peltigerae), Scutula curvispora (D.Hawksw. & Miadl.) Diederich (≡ Libertiella curvispora), S. didymospora (D.Hawksw. & Miadl.) Diederich (≡ L. didymospora), Stigmidium haesitans (Nyl.) Diederich (≡ Verrucaria haesitans), and S. parvum (Henssen) Diederich (≡ Pharcidia parvum). © 2018 by The American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc.
... In this work, which is a result of our ongoing studies focusing on the biodiversity and phylogeny of tropical lichenicolous fungi carried out in Bolivia (e.g., Flakus & Kukwa 2012a, b;Kukwa et al. 2012;Etayo et al. 2013aEtayo et al. , b, 2015Flakus et al. 2014a, b), we discovered three further species of Plectocarpon. Here we formally describe those species inhabiting three host genera (Parmotrema, Ramalina and Ricasolia) widely occurring in Bolivia. ...
In this paper three new species of Plectocarpon, P. dimorphosporum (on Ricasolia patinifera), P. parmotrematis (on Parmotrema reticulatum) and P. ramalinae (on Ramalina celastri), are described from tropical montane forests in the Bolivian Andes. Plectocarpon dimorphosporum is characterized by strongly convex ascomata covered by the host cortex when young, presence of Atra-brown pigment and 1–3-septate ascospores developing a brown-pigmented granular perispore, P. parmotrematis by rounded and slightly superficial ascomata, presence of pigments reacting K+ aeruginose to turquoise and colorless 3-septate ascospores, and P. ramalinae by ellipsoid, black ascomata, Atra-brown pigment, and short, colorless, 3-septate ascospores. In addition, the rare Protounguicularia fasciculata is reported here for the first time from Bolivia.
... Bolivia includes large and still very little disturbed forest areas and hence its protection is essential for the preservation of the biodiversity of the tropical Andes. Several attempts have been made to recognize the richness of the biota of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi in this country (e.g., Flakus & Wilk 2006, 2012a, b, Flakus 2009, Kukwa & Flakus 2009, Kukwa et al. 2012a, b, 2013, Etayo et al. 2013). However, many groups require further study. ...
... & Arv.The species is rather widely distributed in the Neotropics and reported from Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Panama, Peru and Venezuela(Jørgensen & Arvidsson 2002). In Bolivia it was known only from two records so far(Jørgensen & Arvidsson 2002, Etayo et al. 2013). Habitat in Bolivia: Corticolous in Yungas cloud forest. ...
Sixty-six species belonging to the order Peltigerales are reported from Bolivia. Four species, Coccocarpia gallaicoi, C. microphyllina, Lobariella spathulifera and L. subcrenulata, are new to the Southern Hemisphere and Coccocarpia adnata is new to South America. 29 taxa are recorded for the first time in Bolivia. Several other taxa are reported for the first time from contemporary localities. The taxonomic placement of specimens lacking secondary metabolites within Peltigera ulcerata is supported by analyses of ITS nu-rDNA sequences. As a result we found that P. ulcerata is chemically more variable than previously reported. Notes on the habitat and general distribution of all species are presented, with taxonomic remarks provided for some taxa.
... This work is a further contribution to the knowledge of the lichenicolous fungi of Bolivia, which is the result of our current study focusing on the taxonomy and diversity of lichens and allied fungi in that country (e.g., Flakus & Wilk 2006;Flakus & Kukwa 2007, 2012aFlakus et al. 2008Flakus et al. , 2012Flakus 2009;Kukwa & Flakus 2009;Kukwa et al. 2012;Etayo et al. 2013). ...
The new lichenicolous Capronia paranectrioides Etayo, Flakus & Kukwa, inhabiting thalli of Erioderma leylandii, is described from Bolivia. The species is characterized by pale brown, submuriform and bicaudate ascospores, subglobose to barrel-shaped perithecia and I+ red, K/I+ pale blue hymenial gelatine. It is the first known Capronia species producing ascospores with long apical appendages.
