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New records for Turkish marine algal flora. Ectocarpus fasciculatus var. refractus, branching and plurilocular sporangia (arrowheads) (a) (Scale bar: 100 μm). Ectocarpus siliculosus var. pygmaeus, main filament (b) (Scale bar: 100 μm), plurilocular sporangia (arrowhead) (c) (Scale bar: 50 μm), the cells of the main filament and ribbon-shape chloroplasts (arrow) (d) (Scale bar: 50 μm). Herponema sp., habit and plurilocular sporangia (arrows) (e) (Scale bar: 25 μm). Erythrotrichia bertholdii, basal part of habit (f) (Scale bar: 50 μm). Ectocarpus siliculosus var. pygmaeus (Areschoug) Gallardo: Thallus filamentous, unbranched, uniseriate, the cells of erect filaments 35-50 μm long, 15-20 μm broad, and each cell contains ribbon-shaped chloroplasts, phaeophycean hairs absent, to 1 cm high; epiphytic on Cystoseira amentacea var. stricta, plurilocular sporangia terminal or lateral, 70-90 μm long, 15-25 μm broad (Figure 2b-d). Unilocular sporangia are absent in the Turkish material. This taxon was collected from Gelibolu, in May 2015. In Cormaci et al. (2012), plurilocular sporangia are also reported different in size (45-190 x 15-34 µm), and they also reported unilocular sporangia in this taxon. The Turkish material is similar to the Danish material, plurilocular sporangia are also reported a few different in size (27-66 x 11-16.5 µm) (Rosenvinge and Lund 1941). Herponema sp. (Bornet ex Sauvageau) Hamel: Thallus filamentous, endophytic, the cells of the endophytic filaments 7.5-10 μm long; plurilocular
Source publication
In the present paper, the results of the new study on the benthic marine flora of the
Marmara Sea (Turkey) are reported. Sampling was made from 25 different localities of
the Marmara Sea from 2015 to 2017 by snorkerling and SCUBA diving. In total, 320
marine algal and four seagrass taxa at specific and infraspecific levels were found, seven
of whic...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... fasciculatus var. refractus (Kützing) Ardissone: Thallus filamentous, branched, recurved branches are usually found in the upper part of the thallus, uniseriate, the cells of erect filaments containing ribbon-shaped chloroplasts, phaeophycean hairs absent, to 2 cm high; plurilocular sporangia common, terminal or lateral, 80-150 μm long, 25-35 μm broad ( Figure 2a). Unilocular sporangia are absent in the Turkish material. ...
Context 2
... bertholdii Batters: Thallus erect, purple-red color, filamentous, filaments uniseriate below, 10-15 μm in diameter and multiseriate above, 25-30 μm in diameter, found rarely, epiphytic on Cystoseira spp. (Figure 2f). This species was collected from Çanakkale, Gelibolu and Paşalimanı Island, in May 2015. ...
Citations
... Until the thesis study on which this article data is based, no record of P. morrowii was found for the Sea of Marmara (Çetin 2014). P. morrowii was also detected in different studies in Marmara waters in the following years (Taşkın 2016, Taşkın et al. 2018, Taşkın et al. 2019, Taşkın 2022. It is stated that it was transported to this region by ship and ballast waters, and it is also an invasive/alien red algae species (Taşkın 2022). ...
In recent years, rising temperatures due to global climate change can constitute a decrease in salinity in the oceans by causing the ice to melt early and freeze late in its annual cycle and increased precipitation. On the other hand, high temperatures can increase the salinity of seawater locally by enhancing evaporation. It is expected that the changes in salinity of sea water would affect communities of seaweeds. In this study, Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey samples were collected from Altıntaş station in the Gulf of Gemlik in April 2013, and cultured in mediums with four different salt concentrations (10‰, 23‰, 33‰, 42‰). The changes of this species in the amounts of total protein, total phenol, phycocyanin (PC), phycoerythrin (PE), chlorophyll-a (Chl a), water-soluble antioxidant, oil-soluble antioxidant, total solid organic matter and the activity of the carbonic anhydrase were determined. The study clearly showed that studied biochemical and physiological properties of the species were affected by salinity changes. It is also detected that P. morrowii is a tolerant species that can adapt to changing salinity conditions with various defense strategies.
... The existence of P. oceanica meadows is already known in Paşalimanı Island (located in the west of the Kapıdağ Peninsula), Ocaklar and Narlı region (Yüksek and Okuş 2004;Cirik et al. 2006Cirik et al. , 2010Meinesz et al. 2009;Cirik and Akçalı 2013;Taşkın 2016;Taşkın et al. 2019;ÇŞİDB, TUBİTAK-MAM 2021). Some authors also reported that P. oceanica meadows spread along the 3.13 km at Paşalimanı Island with a 35.1 ha coverage area as well as 8 km in length at Kapıdağ Peninsula (Cirik et al. 2006). ...
Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, an endemic species that plays a significant role in the ecosystem from the Strait of Gibraltar to the Sea of Marmara, is under the influence of the Anthropocene. The conservation of the species, which is one of the invaluable resources of the Mediterranean Sea, is essential to protect its unique ecological system. Nonetheless, the detection of the locations where the species exists is a prerequisite for its protection and the preservation of the associated habitat. Hence, the current investigation depicts the extent of P. oceanica coverage in Paşalimanı Island and the Narlı area of the Kapıdağ Peninsula located in the Sea of Marmara, which is the northern limit of the distribution of this species. The results obtained supported the determination of the area of P. oceanica in the Narlı region as 4.676 ha, and also the updating of this area to 21.861 ha for Paşalimanı Island, thus improving the existing information on their habitats.
... The establishment success or status of alien species has been changed for several species since 2011. For example, the algal species such as Acanthophora nayadiformis, Ganonema farinosum, Cladosiphon zosterae and Pylaiella littoralis, which were previously classified as questionable or cryptogenic are considered herein as established alien species, because of the new evidences on the proper taxonomic entities of these species [52,53] and their pathways of introductions: A. nayadiformis and G. farinosum might have been introduced by multiple vectors (shipping or via the Suez Canal), while others (C. zosterae and P. littoralis) by shellfish and oysters farming [54]. ...
The 2020's update of marine alien species list from Turkey yielded a total of 539 species belonging to 18 taxonomic groups, 404 of which have become established in the region and 135 species are casual. A total of 185 new alien species have been added to the list since the previous update of 2011. The present compilation includes reports of an ascidian species (Rhodosoma turcicum) new to the marine fauna of Turkey and range extensions of six species. Among the established species, 105 species have invasive characters at least in one zoogeographic region, comprising 19% of all alien species. Mollusca ranked first in terms of the number of species (123 species), followed by Foraminifera (91 species), Pisces (80 species) and Arthropoda (79 species). The number of alien species found in seas surrounding Turkey ranged from 28 (Black Sea) to 413 (Levantine Sea). The vectoral importance of the Suez Canal diminishes when moving from south to north, accounting for 72% of species introductions in the Levantine Sea vs. only 11% of species introductions in the Black Sea. Most alien species on the coasts of Turkey were originated from the Red Sea (58%), due to the proximity of the country to the Suez Canal. Shipping activities transported 39% of alien species, mainly from the Indo-Pacific area (20%) and the Atlantic Ocean (10%). Misidentified species (such as Pterois volitans, Trachurus declivis, etc.) and species those classified as questionable or cryptogenic were omitted from the list based on new data gathered in the last decade and expert judgements. The documented impacts of inva-sive species on socio-economy, biodiversity and human health in the last decade as well as the legislation and management backgrounds against alien species in Turkey are presented.
Seaweeds are utilized worldwide for food, phycocolloids, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Phycocolloids are considered as one of major commercial seaweed extract with high market value and demand. Gracilaria is an important genus in the production of the phycocolloid agar. Although Gelidium has long been considered as best raw material for processing agar but it is not ideal cultured species due to slow growth and low yield on other hand Gracilaria is easy to farm. Cultivation of the agarophytic Gracilaria species is carried out in many parts of world, using native algae of each region. However, the agar yield and gelling properties vary among species and are affected by abiotic (e.g., light intensity, temperature, and nutrients) and biotic (e.g., epiphytism, life phases) factors. In the present chapter, we shall discuss biology of Gracilaria including, classification systems, morphology, ultra-structure and life cycle besides economically important products, cultivation and economics. We have given three case studies of industrially exploited Gracilaria species namely Gracilaria dura, Gracilaria chilensis and Gracilaria lemaneiformis in order to technically progress and advance in farming the species with low production cost and improved production quality.KeywordsAgarophytes
Gracilaria
PhycocolloidsCultivationLife phases
Plant tissue culture techniques such as organogenesis, meristem culture, and gynogenesis are useful for clonal propagation. One of the severe problems in micropropagation is microbial contamination. Surface sterilization is conducted before culturing in order to prevent contamination, but some bacterial species often remain within the plant tissue and can be endophytes or surface sterilization- resistant. Some bacterial species can induce plant growth by providing plant growth regulators or acidification of the medium. On the other hand, some bacteria can inhibit plant development. Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) is the most consumed legume crop due to its more seed protein and its high nutritional value for human consumption. During the in vitro propagation of 12 genotypes of P. vulgaris, bacterium-like contaminants were observed in some genotypes tested. It was aimed to identify which bacterial species were developed in the medium and whether there are pathogenic. Bacterial isolation was conducted on in vitro propagated Phaseolus species used as biochemical analysis like Gram stain and 16S rRNA analysis. As a result, various bacteria were isolated and identified.
