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The study investigates the urban heat island effect in Malaysian historic town Malacca through seven
mobile traverses, as carried out on 10 December 2011. It aims to identify the intra-urban air
temperature differences between heritage core zone, new development area and outskirts of the city.
Air temperature variations were also analyzed across th...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... town is divided into two parts with distinct urban forms. The heritage core zone ( Fig. 1) refers to the old city quarters while the city center, (Fig. 2) represents the contemporary city of ...
Context 2
... on Fig. 12, the peak heat index is recorded between 3 to 4 pm. Therefore, significant considerations should be made concerning future human activity, particularly during hot afternoons. Taking traverse 4 as the example (this being the one where the peak heat index was recorded), it can be seen that the heat index is lowest in the suburbs. At the ...
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... The choice of a holiday destination is highly dependent on climate considerations, and so, as the climate crisis repercussions are being increasingly felt, the need for meteorological prediction services for hotels becomes a necessity, both for tourists and hotel managers. Existing applications of weather forecasting that involve in situ information from an MS aim at current comfort indices evaluation and heritage risk analysis, e.g., [3], but do not consider simplified weather forecasts using accurate in situ real-time datasets. This service directed at touristic comfort and satisfaction based on the weather conditions is being overlooked, and the usual source of information that many hotels offer involve private meteorological companies like Accuweather, WeatherNet, Meteo, etc. [4]. ...
The choice of holiday destinations is highly depended on climate considerations. Nowadays, since the effects of climate crisis are being increasingly felt, the need of accurate weather and climate services for hotels is crucial. Such a service could be beneficial for both the future planning of tourists’ activities and destinations and for hotel managers as it could help in decision making about the planning and expansion of the touristic season, due to a prediction of higher temperatures for a longer time span, thus causing increased revenue for companies in the local touristic sector. The aim of this work is to calculate predictions on climatic variables using statistical techniques as well as Artificial Intelligence (AI) for a specific area of interest utilising data from in situ meteorological station, and produce valuable and reliable localised predictions with the most cost-effective method possible. This investigation will answer the question of the most suitable prediction method for time series data from a single meteorological station that is deployed in a specific location. As a result, an accurate representation of the microclimate in a specific are is achieved. To achieve this high accuracy in situ measurements and prediction techniques are used. As prediction techniques, Seasonal Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), AI techniques like the Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTM) Neural Network and hybrid combinations of the two are used. Variables of interest are divided in the easier to predict temperature and humidity that are more periodic and less chaotic, and the wind speed as an example of a more stochastic variable with no known seasonality and patterns. Our results show that the examined Hybrid methodology performs the best at temperature and wind speed forecasts, closely followed by the SARIMA whereas LSTM perform better overall at the humidity forecast, even after the correction of the Hybrid to the SARIMA model.
... It is concluded that more attention should be given to minimize the severity of urban microclimate conditions in the Melaka City. Rapid development and the lack of trees are turning these cities into urban heat islands (UHI) that are warm even at night [4,5]. Additionally, outdoor urban spaces are the major outdoor places for people to walk on or engage in recreation and social activities. ...
This research will help to develop an understanding of the existing waterbodies environmental conditions in Melaka Town. There are 2 necessary tests that need to be conducted to comprehend the characteristics of the Melaka River and the sea and their impact to the surrounding microclimate. The climate data includes air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH) and wind velocity (v), which were all continuously measured within the Melaka water body area. The study measures the microclimate condition within a number of stations, quantified by their respective distances within the sea and the river area respectively. This measurement activity seeks to provide an understanding in the field of climatic urban design, and the potential of utilizing water bodies (water cooling effects), as an urban design tool, with regard to minimise the profound effects of extreme climate condition on human comfort levels under hot and humid condition in Melaka Town. On a clear day, temperatures in surrounding area increase by 0.25 to 0.30 °C approximately 25 meters away from the water bodies. The findings could be used to determine how the surroundings near the water bodies affect the water bodies’ cooling effect performance.
... Portanto, para o mapeamento da temperatura ar em Presidente Prudente foram realizados levantamentos móveis pela cidade, metodologia que consiste na definição das áreas de interesse e medições através de sensores acoplados em automóveis. Normalmente, o melhor período para executar esse procedimento é após poucas horas depois do pôr-do-sol em noites com fluxo de ar relativamente calmo e céu sem nuvens, situação na qual as diferenças climáticas locais são maximizadas, revelando áreas de anomalia térmica (OKE, 1977(OKE, , 2006PRESTON-WHYTE, 1970;ELIASSON, 1996;AMORIM, 2005;STEWART, 2011;JAMEI e OSSEN, 2012;UGEDA JÚNIOR, 2012;ORTIZ PORANGABA, 2015). ...
As características de uso e cobertura da terra nas áreas urbanas são diversas, e o ambiente térmico urbano varia não apenas em relação às áreas rurais circundantes, mas também dentro da área urbana. Portanto, entender as causas dessa variabilidade intraurbana da temperatura é um primeiro passo para contribuir com o planejamento urbano. O objetivo desse artigo foi analisar as variações espaciais da temperatura do ar em Presidente Prudente-SP, registradas através de transectos móveis noturnos durante episódios de verão. Os gráficos com os perfis térmicos, a ilustração das características do sítio urbano e do rural ao longo dos trajetos e os perfis topográficos permitiram a visualização das variações de temperatura do ar com os diferentes tipos de uso e cobertura da terra e padrões construtivos. Os resultados indicaram a formação de ilhas de calor de magnitude moderada a forte, com intensidades entre 3,5°C e 5,5°C, sendo que as características mais importantes na diferenciação entre as áreas mais aquecidas e as áreas com temperaturas reduzidas foram a presença de cobertura vegetal, a morfologia da superfície, as condições meteorológicas de cada dia de registro e as atividades antropogênicas.
... Results indicated the presence of UHI effect in urban zones up to 6°C of air temperature increase. With the same aim, the local microclimate of the Malaysian historic town of Malacca was analyzed in (Jamei and Ossen, 2012). The heritage core zone was detected to be threatened by extremely high temperatures. ...
Outdoor environmental comfort strongly affects quality of life and depends on local microclimate phenomena. However, impact of local boundaries is still weakly studied in hilly urban historical layouts. Local microclimate variability and its influence on pedestrians’ comfort in selected hilly historical urban areas with varying local boundaries in term of vegetation, surface materials, urban density, and air quality, is investigated. To this aim, a field monitoring is carried out during summer in hilly dense built environment and numerical analysis is performed. Monitoring campaigns show how higher density and surface roughness in the urban historical area reduce daily temperature fluctuation up to 3 °C, with higher night temperatures. Temperature discrepancies up to 5 °C are detected compared to suburban greener area. Moreover, inverse correlation between sky-view factor and nighttime cooling is registered, with mean temperature variation up to 6.6 °C. Numerical analysis shows different thermal comfort conditions within the same district, due to different local boundaries in terms of sky-view factor and surface materials properties. Maximum Predicted Mean Vote difference of 0.6 is detected in the same area. Findings demonstrate how impact of local boundaries needs to be accurately investigated, when analyzing quality of outdoor urban environment, to realistically predict citizens’ outdoor thermal conditions.
... In the Philippines, Pereira and Lopez (2004) illustrated the spatial pattern changes of UHIs in Metro Manila from 1989 to 2002 using remote sensing techniques in which the annual rate of UHI change was 0.8% due to urban growth at an average annual rate of 1.33%. Furthermore, there are several UHI studies in the tropics, particularly in Southeast Asia over the last decade Roth, 2006 andLi, Koh, Entekhabi, Roth, Panda, &Norford, 2013 in Singapore;Ossen, 2012 andJamei, Jamei, Rajagopalan, Ossen, &Roushenas, 2015 in Malacca;Rajagopalan, Lim, & Jamei, 2014 in Muar;Qaid et al., 2015, 2016and Morris et al., 2015Morris et al., 2017 in Klang Valley, Malaysia;Kurniati & Nitivattananon, 2016 in Surabaya, Indonesia). Aflaki et al. (2016) conducted a comparative analysis of the recent attempts towards mitigating UHI effects among Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, and Hong Kong. ...
Hanoi City, Vietnam, presented the Hanoi Master Plan 2030 in 2011 to cope with rapid population growth and urbanisation. The main objective of this two-part study was to investigate the impacts of land use changes from the master plan on urban climate in Hanoi by 2030. This paper focuses on the assessment of the proposed green strategies in the master plan. Firstly, numerical simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting were conducted for the present land use condition as well as the condition proposed by the master plan under the same extremely hot summer conditions of June 2010. Secondly, the results of the master plan condition were further compared with other scenarios comprising different green strategies for assessing their cooling effects. Based on the results, the daytime peak air temperature in the master plan condition was projected to maintain almost the same level as the current condition. However, the high temperature areas with temperature of 40 to 41 °C, would expand widely over the planned built-up areas. Further results showed that the green strategies were not necessarily effective at cooling all of the built-up areas, though these strategies largely reduced the air temperature within the green spaces, particularly at night.
... A similar study was conducted in the old and new sites of the same city, investigating the urban heat island effect by seven mobile traverses. The study concluded that no significant difference was observed between the peak temperatures of the old city quarters and newer areas, despite the disparities in their urban forms [43]. ...
The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon and the outdoor thermal comfort in a planned city need to be reviewed and studied as a climatic issue in the design process. Increasing the temperature and discomfort conditions would be unjustified and not acceptable, unlike the temperature and the discomfort outdoors in a non-planned city that is natural. This study aimed to investigate the UHI phenomenon and outdoor thermal comfort on a micro-scale of the different areas in a planned city. A mobile survey and fixed station measurements were performed to investigate the intra-urban air temperature within the city. The thermal comfort condition of the different hot spots of the urban area in the city was investigated by using Envi-met V4 Beta software. The results indicate that the maximum UHI occurred during the afternoon and reached 3 °C in low-rise residential buildings. The high-rise residential buildings and the Boulevard street are 4 °C lower than low-rise buildings and 1 °C lower than nearby suburban areas. The city’s human thermal comfort exceeds the natural range of 30 °C. However, the high-rise residential buildings and the Boulevard street are thermally comfortable most of the daytime hours, while low-rise buildings suffer from a long period of heat stress. The diffuse, reflected solar radiation and the surface temperature have an influence on increasing the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) thermal index within the city, while the wind velocity and building height are the essential variables reducing the PET thermal index.
... The results of this study were higher than the results of the study in the city of Jakarta, namely 2.1°C in the north to the south and 1.6°C for east west direction (Maru and Ahmad, 2014a;2014b). It is appropriate as well the results of the study by Jamei and Ossen (2012) in Melaka, Malaysia. Results of studies find that the core area of the city is hotter than the expansion area. ...
Urban Heat Island phenomenon (UHI) is one of the city micro-climate phenomenon that mostly hit many big cities in the World, including Makassar, Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the phenomenon of UHI and UHII in Makassar and the surrounding areas. The method used in this study is the analysis of primary data through measurements taken directly to the varied station locations. The measurements are determined by purposive sampling toward the variety of different land uses. The measurements were taken at 11:00 am until 1:00 pm Central Indonesian Time (WITA) and at night from 09.00 to 11.00 pm. The results showed that the mean temperature was 31.29°C during the day and 27.4°C at night. Spatially, the day time showed that the high temperatures (32 to 35°C) are generally located in the downtown areas which are crowded with buildings such as residential, offices and shops. Meanwhile, a lower temperature (29 to 31°C) is generally located in countrysides or outside the city in the form of green areas and open land. The results show that a fairly high temperature causes the comfort of the city the temperatures reduced. Therefore, handle UHI phenomenon needs to be done in an integrated and sustainable.
The outdoor thermal comfort of an urban area gets affected by different aspects, such as the urban materials and urban morphology (building-canopy & trees-canopy). This paper aims to investigate the effect of such different aspects on urban surface thermal performance using in-situ measurements and to predict the same by coupling a simple single-layer urban canopy model (SLUCM) with a surface energy balance model (SEBM). The asphalt road is the hottest (45°C), with a heating rate of 5.26°C/hour during the day. The building canopy shading creates a 2.8°C between the air temperatures. The results indicate the importance of green areas for cooling urban spaces due to their lower warming and surface shading from tree canopy as 7.3°C of the temperature difference between surface and air temperature reduced to 3.2°C. Averaging all the analysis, the model evaluates the surface temperature with R 2 = 0.8824, mean bias = 1.86°C, MAE = 2.59°C, and RMSE = 5.13°C. ARTICLE HISTORY KEYWORDS Urban heat island (UHI) effect; urban climate; microclimate; urban surface temperature; single-layer urban canopy model (SLUCM); surface energy balance model (SEBM)
In this study, we investigated factors related to subjective outdoor thermal comfort in the Ancient Ming Dynasty Walled City in Xi'an, China. Environmental data were collected from study sites by microclimate monitoring. Survey locations, demographics, psychological characteristics, thermal sensation vote (TSV), and thermal comfort vote (TCV) data were collected from 639 individuals in a questionnaire survey. Generalized linear regression analysis and path analysis were used to understand the associations between the TSV, environmental and psychological factors, and TCV. We found that green space locations, higher age, and greater subjective well-being and environmental satisfaction were associated with increased TCV. The universal thermal climate index was associated with TCV, and this association could have been affected by the individual's psychological state. Our findings suggest that environmental factors and psychological factors had non-negligible effects on the subjective thermal comfort of individuals located in an open urban area with historical and cultural significance.
