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Objective: Patients with lesions of the corpus callosum are rare and may present different symptoms of the disconnection syndrome. However, to-date studies on callosotomized patients have not been conclusive, likely because of the non-uniform nature of clinical features, the extent of resection, and methods used to investigate specific and related...
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... In celebrating the achievements of Women in brain health and clinical neuroscience, we not only honor their individual contributions but also challenge the prevailing norms that hinder the full realization of their potential. Our continually evolving neurocognitive model, grounded in advancements concerning social cognition Palermo, 2020, 2022), metacognitive-executive functions and their intricate interactions with neurodegenerative diseases Palermo et al., 2018), acquired brain injuries and pathologies (Palermo et al., 2014(Palermo et al., , 2019, represents a step toward creating a future where talent is recognized and celebrated regardless of gender. This approach fosters an environment where the scientific community thrives on the diverse perspectives and experiences that women bring to the table, emphasizing the importance of inclusivity and equity in advancing research and innovation. ...
... 61 Also, there have been reports of emotional dysregulation in splenium agenesis. 62 Regarding the chronicity and recurrent episodes of our participants, chronic and recurrent deteriorations in the whitematter integrity of the corpus callosum might be reflected in WMC reductions in both the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum. Consistent with numerous previous brain imaging findings, the present study also found significantly lower GMC in various brain regions, including the mid-frontal, 5,63 temporal, 63 cingulate, [11][12][13]63 insular, 63 amygdala, 64-68 hippocampal, 19,69,70 hypothalamic, and thalamic 71 regions in patients with MDD compared to HCs. ...
Objective This study aimed to investigate the morphometric differences in the corpus callosum between patients with major depressive
disorder (MDD) and healthy controls and analyze their relationship to gray matter changes.
Methods Twenty female MDD patients and 21 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. To identify the difference in the regional gray matter concentration (GMC), VBM was performed with T1 magnetic resonance imaging. The shape analysis of the corpus
callosum was processed. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fiber-tracking was performed to identify the regional tract pathways in the damaged corpus callosal areas.
Results In the shape analysis, regional shape contractions in the rostrum and splenium were found in the MDD patients. VBM analysis
showed a significantly lower white matter concentration in the genu and splenium, and a significantly lower GMC in the frontal, limbic,
insular, and temporal regions of the MDD patients compared to the HCs. In DTI fiber-tracking, the fibers crossing the damaged areas of
the genu, rostrum, and splenium were anatomically connected to the areas of lower GMC in MDD patients.
Conclusion These findings support that major depressive disorder may be due to disturbances in multiple neuronal circuits, especially
those associated with the corpus callosum. Psychiatry Investig
Key Words Major depressive disorder, Corpus callosum, Voxel-based morphometry, Magnetic resonance imaging, Shape analysis.
The corpus callosum (CC) is involved in several cognitive processes and the interhemispheric transfer of information. The current case study investigated neurocognitive and emotional processes in a 7-year-old female with partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, with an absent splenium and posterior body, with comorbid autism and ADHD. We measured cognitive functions, such as response inhibition, error monitoring, attentional disengagement, and attention capture by irrelevant emotional stimuli. We found that response inhibition was intact in the case. When happy faces were used as stop-signals, it interfered with response inhibition compared to angry-face-stop-signals. Similarly, happy faces (relative to angry faces) interfered with error monitoring; irrelevant angry faces captured attention more than happy faces. Attentional disengagement functions were impaired in the case compared to healthy controls. The findings give an insight into the interaction between cognition and emotion in pediatric partial agenesis of the CC, and have important clinical and theoretical implications.
Background:
Emotion dysregulation (ED) is prevalent in youths with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and causes more social impairment and poor adaptive function. Alterations in the integrity of white matter (WM) tracts might have important implications for affective processing related to ED. However, little is known about the WM correlates underpinning ED in ADHD.
Methods:
Using diffusion spectrum image tractography, we obtained generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) values of 76 WM tracts in 77 children with ADHD and 105 typically developing controls (TDC). ED severity was defined by the dysregulation profile from the child behavior checklist. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was performed to identify modes that relate WM microstructural property to ED severity and cognitive measures.
Results:
The application of CCA identified one significant mode (r = 0.638, FWE-corrected p = 0.046) of interdependencies between WM property patterns and diagnosis, ADHD total symptom levels, dysregulation by diagnosis interaction, and full-scale intellectual quotient (FIQ). GFA values of 19 WM tracts that were linked to affective-processing, sensory-processing and integration, and cognitive control circuitry were positively correlated with ED severity in TDC but negatively correlated with ED severity in ADHD. ADHD symptom severity and diagnosis were negatively associated with the GFA patterns of this set of tract bundles. In contrast, FIQ was positively correlated with this set of tract bundles.
Conclusions:
This study used the CCA to show that children with ADHD and TDC had distinct multivariate associations between ED severity (diagnosis by ED interaction) and microstructural property in a set of WM tracts. These tracts interconnect the cortical regions that are principally involved in emotion processing, integration, and cognitive control in multiple brain systems. The WM microstructure integrity impairment might be an essential correlate of emotion dysregulation in ADHD.
