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In Argentina, farming traditionally took place in small and medium-sized family farms, mostly by means of their own land, labour, capital (financial, machinery, etc.) and entrepreneurship. Farmers owned enough equipment to cope with all the activities required for the production cycle. This traditional family farm model is the dominant organisation...
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... La producción de soja en la Argentina para la campaña 2014/15 fue de 60,1 Millones de toneladas, sobre una superficie total de 20 millones de hectáreas. El 88% del área sembrada se distribuyó entre las provincias de la zona Pampeana: Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Entre Ríos, La Pampa y Santa Fe (Gráfico 9.1), mien- tras que el 82% del crecimiento (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)) se dio en la zona tradicional de la agricultura extensiva: Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Santa Fe y Entre Ríos. ...
El Sistema de Agronegocios de la Soja de Argentina es altamente competitivo a nivel global y generador de divisas y dinamizador de la economía, a nivel local. Este sistema ha logrado posicionarse como el principal contribuyente al posicionamiento de liderazgo que ostenta Argentina en el mercado mundial de productos agroindustriales.
Durante la campaña 2014/2015, generó un portafolio de productos valuado en 23.392 millones de dólares. Sumado a la inversión en insumos de 3.723 millones de dólares que los productores realizan totaliza los 27.646 millones de dólares. Dicho movimiento económico, sin contar los servicios de apoyo que incluyen a logística y servicios financieros entre los más importantes, es equivalente a un 3,2% del PBI.
Argentina, junto a Brasil y Estados Unidos agrupan el 82% de la producción de grano soja del mundo, obteniendo los mejores rendimientos del mundo. Si bien la industrialización del poroto es relevante en estos países, Argentina es comparativamente el país que industrializa y exporta el mayor porcentaje de lo que produce. Sin embargo, a lo largo del desarrollo del presente estudio, se han identificado diferentes puntos débiles en el sistema argentino en cada uno de los ambientes analizados, que ponen en juego la rentabilidad del negocio en el corto plazo y podrían poner en juego su competitividad en el mediano y largo plazo.
Sin lugar a dudas, la actividad entorno a la soja es un significativo instrumento de desarrollo regional ya sea por lo expuesto anteriormente, como por la radicación de las plantas y puertos en las provincias, la extensa red de acopios en toda la zona centro-norte de nuestro país y las demandas locales de insumos y derivados que traccionan la economía nacional generando empleo y desarrollo de los pueblos y la nación. Adicionalmente, la capacidad de generar divisas del SAG soja es clave para la estabilidad macroeconómica del país, aportando un gran volumen de reservas al Banco Central.
El objetivo de este estudio es identificar y analizar el Sistema de Agronegocios (SAG) de la Soja en la Argentina, su red de interacción, a través del análisis de las relaciones entre los jugadores, la identificación de puntos críticos en la coordinación de ese sistema productivo y posteriormente el postulado de acciones colectivas que beneficien al sistema como un todo.
Consecuentemente, el presente trabajo se estructurará de la siguiente manera: en el Capítulo 2 se presenta la metodología que se utilizará a lo largo del trabajo. En el Capítulo 3 se realiza una jerarquización del SAG de la Soja en Argentina local global con respecto a otros cultivos.
El Capítulo 4 describe la posición competitiva global del SAG Soja Argentino, mientras que en el Capítulo 5 se caracteriza al consumidor actual y del futuro.
El Capítulo 6 describe en términos cualitativos y cuantitativos al Sistema de Agronegocios de la Soja en Argentina, destacando las áreas de resultado que lo componen, dimensionando la importancia del mismo en término de la red de interacciones que presenta y del impacto económico local y global.
En los Capítulos 7, 8 y 9 se describen los Ambientes Institucional, Organizacional y Tecnológico para todas las áreas de resultados. En el Capítulo 10 se realizará un análisis FODA y ANSOF del SAG Soja como herramienta de diagnóstico sistémica, que permite delinear los escenarios competitivos y las estrategias posibles de implementar en el futuro. Finalmente, en el Capítulo 11 se encuentran las conclusiones y recomendaciones que derivan del trabajo en su conjunto.
Whereas scholars in entrepreneurship have focused their studies on various entrepreneurial situations, little is known about entrepreneurship in agriculture. Using the Scopus database, we analyse 229 papers related to this topic to understand what entrepreneurship means in agriculture, why this topic is growing, and who publishes and where. This paper provides quantitative results that can be useful for scholars, consultants and decision makers. It also provides a qualitative analysis of the topic, showing a structure for the idea of change: agri-entrepreneurship appears as a new paradigm based on the implementation of deliberate strategies to respond to liberalisation and sustainability. These results are discussed while taking into account the criticism of liberalisation and sustainable concerns. We show that the debates on liberalisation do not question the legitimacy of the agri-entrepreneurship topic but rather question the way farmers undertake it and how entrepreneurship can reinforce the resilience of farms.
Farm production often involves family-owned agribusinesses where decisions are made by households or individuals, not corporate managers. As these decisions have important economic, environmental, and social implications, decision-making processes must be understood to foster sustainable agricultural production. Decision experiments, involving lotteries, targeting farmers in the Argentine Pampas were used to estimate prospect theory (PT) parameters. Results suggest that decisions under risk are better represented by prospect theory than by expected utility (EU) theory: Decision makers treat gains and losses differently and use subjective probabilities of outcomes; they are quite loss averse and are more likely to overweigh probabilities of infrequent events, such as large droughts or floods. Statistical testing revealed heterogeneity in the risk tied to land tenure (land owners vs. renters) and agribusiness roles (farmers vs. technical advisors). Perceptions of risk, probability, and outcomes played a large role in the sustainability of production. Due to a strong desire to avoid losses, decision makers have a greater short term focus: Immediate economic outcomes are more salient, and environmental and social investments are framed as costs rather than long-term gains. This research can help design policies, programs, and tools that assist agribusinesses in managing better contradictions across the triple bottom line to ensure greater sustainability.
The Argentine Soy Agribusiness System is highly competitive on a global scale and, on a local level, it generates income while it stimulates economy. Such system has found its place as the main contribution to the leading position that Argentina has in the global market of agro-industrial products. During the 2014/2015 campaign, the system generated a product portfolio valued at 23,392 million dollars. This, added to the 3,723 million dollar investment in inputs, makes a total of 27,646 million dollars. Such economic movement, without mentioning the support services including logistics and financial services among others, equals 3.2% of GDP. Argentina, Brazil and the United States together produce 82% of the world´s soybean production. Although the bean's industrialization is relevant in these countries, Argentina is comparatively the country which industrializes and exports the highest percentage of what it produces. However, during the development of the present study various weak points have been identified in each of the analyzed contexts in the Argentine system. Such weak points jeopardize the business's profitability in the short term, and may compromise its competitiveness in the mid and long term. Without doubt, soy-related activity is a significant instrument of local development, both because of what has been said before and the settlement of plants and ports in the provinces, the wide network of storage all through the Central-North area of our country and the local demand of inputs and derivatives which encourages national economy by generating employment and development both of the towns and the nation. In addition, the Agribusiness System's capability of generating income is essential for the country's macroeconomic stability, contributing greatly to the foreign reserve of the Central Bank. The aim of the present study is to identify and analyze the Argentine Soy Agribusiness System (SAG by its Spanish acronym) and its interaction network, by means of the analysis of relationships between its actors and the identification
of critical points in the coordination of this productive system. Subsequently, collective actions can be suggested to benefit the system as a whole. In order to do so, the present work will be structured as follows. Chapter 2 will introduce the methodology to be used through the study. Chapter 3 will present a local and global prioritization of SAG in Argentina compared to other crops. Chapter 4 will describe the global competitive position of SAG, while chapter 5 will characterize the consumer, both current and future. Chapter 6 will provide a qualitative and quantitative description of the Argentine Soy Agribusiness System, highlighting the outcome areas it is made of and dimensioning its importance in terms of the interaction network it presents and its local and global economic impact. Chapters 7, 8 and 9 will describe the institutional, organizational and technological contexts for all the outcome areas. Chapter 10 will provide SWOT and Ansoff analyses of SAG as a tool of systemic diagnosis, which will allow outlining competitive scenarios and future possible strategies. Finally, chapter 11 will present conclusions and recommendations arising from the work as a whole.
The evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds is a major concern in the corn-and soybean-producing Pampas region of Argentina, where growers predominantly plant glyphosate-resistant crop varieties and depend heavily on glyphosate for weed control. Currently, 16 weed species in Argentina are resistant to one or more of three different herbicide mechanisms of action, and resistant weed populations continue to increase, posing a serious threat to agricultural production. Implementation of integrated weed management to address herbicide resistance faces significant barriers in Argentina, especially current land ownership and rental patterns in the Pampas. More than 60% of Pampas cropland is rented to tenants for periods that rarely exceed 1 yr, resulting in crop rotation being largely abandoned, and crop export taxes and quotas have further discouraged wheat and corn production in favor of continuous soybean production. In this paper we discuss ways to facilitate new approaches to weed management in Argentina, including legal and economic reforms and the formation of a national committee of stakeholders from public and private agricultural sectors. Nomenclature: corn, Zea mays L., soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.
