Network Architecture of Psychopathology in XYY Syndrome. A. Heatmap showing Pearson correlation coefficients between pairs of scales across individuals with XYY syndrome. Scales are grouped according to the optimum k=8 Weighted Stochastic Block Model (WSBM) solution, and black lines define boundaries between blocks defining pairwise correlations between measures within and between each cluster. B. Network representation of the WSBM solution shown in panel (A). Each node is one of the 8 clusters in panel (A). Edges show the WSBM estimated mean

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... instruments but were often related to a similar theme. We named these 8 clusters as follows based on their scale content (presented in descending order of mean cross-cluster correlation): Total Psychopathology, Inattention, Externalizing, Current Social Impairments, Impulsivity, Internalizing, Dissociality and Early Social Impairments. Heatmap (Fig. 4A) and graph-based ( Social Impairments. Cluster degree within the network showed a moderate positive correlation (r=0.4) with the mean z-score of scales within the cluster (i.e. the average across all cluster scales and all individuals of participant-level z-scores generated for XYY participants as described above). Finally, we generated ...

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... designs required to address causal questions. Fifth, our study design is also unable to resolve the sources of variability across individuals -which are presumably either genetic, environmental, or stochastic in nature. We hope that defining the main axes of phenotypic variability that organize psychiatric manifestations of GDDs like XYY syndrome (Fig. 4) will help to accelerate future studies that seek the sources and biological mediators of this ...