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Neopestalotiopsis iranensis (Holotype = CBS137768): a Conidia long apical appendage, b conidia with branched apical appendage (Paratype = CBS 137767), c conidia with long basal appendage, d conidiophores/conidiogenous cells, e section of conidiomata, f colony on PDA, up. from above, down. from below, g immature fruit with light tan and sunken lesions, h symptoms on leaves, i decay fruit with white aerial mycelia and numerous acervuli erupted through the epidermis. Bars a–e 20 μm
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A new species of Neopestalotiopsis based on both morphological and molecular characteristics is described. Neopestalotiopsis iranensis sp. nov. isolated from rotted strawberry (Fragaria
ananassa) fruits as well as from stolon and leaf lesions in Kurdistan province, Iran. Initially, light tan and sunken spots developed on fruits and resulted in a so...
Citations
... Among the other Pestalotioid genera, Neopestalotiopsis, Pestalotiopsis and Pseudopestalotiopsis have become the subject of significant scientific discourse over the past decade (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014a, b, Gualberto et al. 2021. Previously, Neopestalotiopsis has been reported from many regions, including Australia (Prasannath et al. 2021), Brazil (Silvério et al. 2016), China (Jayawardena et al. 2016, Yang et al. 2021, Xiong et al. 2022, Cuba (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014), Egypt (Essa et al. 2018), France (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016b), Hawaii (Solarte et al. 2018), Indonesia (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016b), Iran (Ayoubi et al. 2016), New Zealand (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014), Pakistan (Ul-Haq et al. 2021, Portugal (Diogo et al. 2021), Thailand (Kumar et al. 2019, Pornsuriya et al. 2020, Huanaluek et al. 2021, the USA and Zimbabwe (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014). ...
Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze var. assamica (Miang tea) is widely distributed in northern Thailand due to its traditional and industrial attributes, including black tea and Miang production. In this study, two Pestalotioid taxa associated with C. sinensis leaf spots were collected in Mae Taeng district, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Species delineation was based on the evidence from morphological and multi-locus phylogenies using ITS, tub2 and tef1-α. Neopestalotiopsis saprophytica is herein reported as a new record on Camellia sinensis, while Pseudopestalotiopsis chinensis is recorded as a new geographical record from Thailand. The findings of this research have the potential to offer fresh insights into the two previously documented species within the existing fungal community associated with C. sinensis in Thailand. This, in turn, could enhance our comprehension of their interactions with the host plant in the times ahead.
... The taxonomic classification at the species level within the Pestalotiopsis genus has traditionally been made according to the host from which fungi were isolated, the conidia morphology, the color intensity of the conidia median cells, and molecular analyses based on rDNA sequences [19,20]. However, recent studies by Maharachchikumbura et al. [21] and Ayoubi and Soleimani [22], supported by the molecular analysis of multiple genes (which included the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (ITS) [23], beta-tubulin (TUB2) [24], and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) [25]) have contributed to improving the traditional classification system of the species, indicating that the trait of median cell coloration is not a reliable taxonomic trait in the discrimination of species. ...
In Colombia, plantings with the oil palm hybrid between Elaeis oleifera × Elaeis guineensis, known as O × G hybrid, have increased due to its tolerance to bud rot. Despite this, different degrees of foliar necrosis, chlorosis, and leaf blight have been reported in some cultivars; therefore, this work aimed to diagnose this problem. We visited plantation plots with palms exhibiting the mentioned symptoms and collected 21 samples of affected tissues in different disease states. The affected tissues were examined and seeded in a culture medium. Pathogenicity tests were performed and the isolates were characterized by culture and morphological and molecular features. Curvularia, Colletotrichum, Phoma, and 25 Pestalotiopsis-like fungi were isolated from the foliar lesions. In the pathogenicity tests, the symptoms observed in the field were reproduced with MFTU01-1, MFTU12, and MFTU21 isolates, which were identified at the species level through a sequence analysis of three genes (ITS, TUB2, and TEF1-α) as Pestalotiopsis arengae with an identical level of 99% based on the results of BLAST and phylogenetic tree analyses. The remaining 22 Pestalotiopsis-like non-pathogenic isolates were identified as species of Neopestalotiopsis and Pseudopestalotiopsis. The direct association of P. arengae with the disease was confirmed via molecular detection in affected tissues in 15 of 21 samples collected for this evaluation. This is the first report of P. arengae as the causal agent of foliar lesions in O × G hybrid oil palm in Colombia.
... Currently over 70 species of Neopestalotiopsis are listed in Index Fungorum (2022). Diseases caused by Neopestalotiopsis species in Taiwan as well as globally are an emerging issue (Ayoubi and Pari 2016;Ayoubi and Soleimani 2016;Baggio et al. 2021;Chamorro et al. 2016;Hsu et al. 2020;Jayawardena et al. 2015;Liu et al. 2017;Machín et al. 2019;Obregón et al. 2018;Sun et al. 2021;Tsai et al. 2021). Recent studies done by our group and other researchers found that Neopestalotiopsis species are associated with numerous diseases in various hosts such as tea ) and strawberry in Taiwan. ...
Neopestalotiopsis rosae is one of the most harmful pathogenic fungi for strawberry, causing leaf blight and crown rot, and has become the main strawberry disease worldwide. In this study, we present the first high-quality genome of N. rosae strain ML1664, combining Nanopore long-read and Illumina short-read sequencing technologies. A total of 18 contigs were assembled with a genome size of 53.78 Mbp, predicting 15,966 putative protein-coding genes and 1,822 candidate secreted proteins in the N. rosae ML1664 genome. The high-quality genome of N. rosae will enhance our understanding regarding the biology and genetics of this pathogen. Furthermore, our resources will provide valuable information for studying the infection process, pathogen virulence, and management strategies of N. rosae.
... [18], Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae in Chile [22]; China [23]; Spain [24]; California, USA [25]; Iraq [26]; Serbia [27]; Turkey [28]; Iran [29]; Bangladesh [30]; Ecuador [31]; Macrophomina phaseolina in Florida, USA [32]; Israel [33]; California, USA [34]; Spain [35]; Argentina [36]; Iran [37]; Australia [38]; Chile [39]; Tunisia [40]; Italy [41]; and probably Neopestalotiopsis spp., emerging parasite whose presence has been reported in 17 countries during this century in Brazil [42], Egypt [43]; Morocco [44]; Spain [45]; Iran [46]; Vietnam [47]; Belgium [48]; Argentina [49]; India [50]; Korea [51]; Uruguay [52]; Italy [53]; Mexico [54]; China [55]; Ecuador [56]; Finland [57]; Taiwan [58], and that it could acquire global importance if the damage persists in future years. It is important to highlight that Colletotrichum spp. ...
The growing increase in global strawberry production and consumption has been spectacular during this century. In 2019, 396,401 ha were planted, and 8.9 million tons of fruit were produced globally, and more than 50% of that volume was in the subtropical climate. The problems and losses caused by diseases and pests are of global importance, particularly with root and crown diseases, the severity and spread of which has been magnified by the cancelation of certain soil fumigants, and by the susceptibility to one or more of the parasites of the group of cultivars currently planted. The use of the genetic reservoir available both in the cultivated species, as in the 26 wild species, is a formidable wealth of genes, partially collected, and characterized, which can be of fundamental importance to introduce new genetic combinations into modern commercial cultivars and to redesign them, so that they have a greater adaptation to stresses caused by biotic and abiotic factors, in addition to an important improvement in the nutraceutical quality of the fruit. This chapter documents the importance of this gene pool in the development of elite cultivars with these qualities.
... However, the present study demonstrated that wound of leaves will also facilitate the penetration of the pathogen into host tissues, thus causing infection. In addition to blight disease, Neopestalotiopsis was also responsible to cause other diseases such as scab of guava (Solarte et al., 2018), leaf fall disease of rubber tree , leaf spot of macadamia (Prasannath et al., 2020), and fruit rot of strawberry (Ayoubi & Soleimani, 2016). Besides N. clavispora, isolates of Ps. camelliae-sinensis were also proven to be pathogenic toward leaves of C. sinensis. ...
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a popular and extensively consumed beverage in Malaysia along with many other countries around the world. Grey blight is one of the destructive fungal diseases infecting tea plants which resulted in major yield loss of tea production. Typical symptoms of tea grey blight were observed in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia from July to December 2019 which involved the formation of tiny, circular to irregular brown spots that gradually enlarged, turned darker and eventually hampered plant growth. A total of 45 fungal isolates were isolated from grey leaf blight of tea and were identified as Neopestalotiopsis clavispora (24 isolates), and Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis (21 isolates). Morphological characterisation and multigene phylogenetic resolution using internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin (tub2), and translation elongation factor 1- (tef1-) were applied to identify the fungal isolates. Pathogenicity tests on leaves of C. sinensis showed that all fungal isolates of N. clavispora and Ps. camelliae-sinensis caused grey blight disease. The present study highlighted the occurrence of grey blight disease of tea in Malaysia caused by N. clavispora and Ps. camelliae-sinensis. The findings from the present study could be beneficial in proper disease monitoring, and effective management purposes of tea plants.
... Several species of Neopestalotiopsis are phytopathogens in tropical and subtropical regions, causing leaf spot, dry flower, fruit rot, fruit scab, and trunk diseases on a range of crops [5,8,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Flower and leaf diseases on macadamia caused by Neopestalotiopsis spp. ...
Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) is native to eastern Australia and produces an edible nut that is extensively cultivated in commercial orchards in several countries. Little is known about the diversity of fungi associated with diseases of macadamia inflorescences. A survey of fungi associated with the dry flower disease of macadamia detected several isolates of Neopestalotiopsis (Pestalotiopsidaceae, Sordariomycetes). Five new species of Neopestalotiopsis were identified based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of concatenated gene sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin (TUB), and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1α). The new species are named Neopestalotiopsis drenthii, N. maddoxii, N. olumideae, N. vheenae, and N. zakeelii, and are described by molecular, morphological, and cultural characteristics. The ecology of the isolates and their pathogenic, saprophytic, or commensal ability were not determined.
... Newly generated sequence data were initially subjected to blastn search in NCBI to obtain the closest matches in the GenBank. Sequences generated from this study were analyzed with related taxa in Neopestalotiopsis and sister genera to Pestalotiopsis and Pseudopestalotiopsis, which were obtained from GenBank and recent publications , 2013a, b, c, 2014a, b, Song et al. 2013, 2014, Crous et al. 2015, Akinsanmi et al. 2016, Ayoubi & Soleimani 2016, Silvério et al. 2016, Bezerra et al. 2018, Jiang et al. 2018, Tibpromma et al. 2018, Carvalho et al. 2019, Kumar et al. 2019, Liu et al. 2019, Ma et al. 2019, Norphanphoun et al. 2019, Huanluek et al. 2021. Multiple alignments were automatically made with MAFFT v. 7 at the webserver (http://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/server) ...
In this paper we describe a new species of cave fungus belonging to Sporocadaceae (Amphisphaeriales), collected from Gem Cave, Fumin County, Yunnan Province, China. Initial morphological observations confirmed that our fungal collection is a pestalotioid species. Phylogenetic analyses of combined internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin (TUB) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1α) gene sequence dataset confirmed that our fungus forms an independent branch within Neopestalotiopsis. Thus, we describe our fungus as a new species of Neopestalotiopsis based on both morphology and multigene phylogeny. This is the first-ever report of Neopestalotiopsis from a cave habitat. A full description, micrographs and a phylogenetic tree showing the placement of the new species are provided.
... Neopestalotiopsis and Pestalotiopsis species are important plant pathogenic, saprobic and endophytic fungi that are commonly present in tropical and subtropical ecosystems , Ariyawansa & Hyde 2018. They can cause and are associated with canker, dieback, grey blight, leaf spots, needle blight, tip blight and postharvest fruit rots on various hosts (Jayawardena et al. 2015, Ayoubi & Soleimani 2016. Pestalotiopsis species can switch life modes as endophytes, pathogens and saprobes (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012, Rashmi et al. 2019. ...
Pestalotioid fungi commonly occur as pathogens, endophytes or saprobes. In this study, pestalotioid fungi associated with leaf spots and fruit rots were isolated from Alpinia malaccensis, A. galangal, Annona squamosa, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Citrus sp., Garcinia mangostana, Litsea petiolata, a pteridophyte, and Vitis vinifera in Chiang Rai, Thailand. Based on single- and multi-locus phylogenies using internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin and partial translation elongation factor 1-α gene regions, along with morphological features, the isolates were identified as two new species, Neopestalotiopsis hydeana and Pestalotiopsis hydei. This is the first time a Pestalotiopsis sp. was reported associated with Litsea petiolata and a Neopestalotiopsis sp. recorded from Alpinia, Annona, Artocarpus, Garcinia and a pteridophyte in the world. This fungal group can be considered as an emerging pathogenic group on different hosts in different climatic conditions.
... Most of the commercial strawberry cultivars grown in Florida were affected by the disease, and the common link between these outbreaks was the nursery source for the plants. Fruit and leaf symptoms caused by Pestalotiopsis sp. have also been reported in other strawberry-producing areas such as Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, Mexico, and Morocco (Ayoubi and Soleimani 2016;Camili et al. 2002;Embaby 2007;Kenneth et al. 1968 Symptoms on strawberry fruit are lesions 2 to 4 mm in diameter, dry, light tan, slightly sunken, and irregular in shape in the early stages (Fig. 1A). Lesions grow and eventually are covered by numerous acervuli oozing shiny black droplets of matricial liquid containing spores (Fig. 1B). ...
... Eventually, the entire fruit is affected and mummified (Howard and Albregts 1973;Kenneth et al. 1968;Maas 1998). On leaves, light to dark brown spots of different sizes are irregularly distributed (Fig. 1C), and in more advanced stages, black acervuli can develop in older necrotic tissue ( Fig. 1D; Ayoubi and Soleimani 2016;Rodrigues et al. 2014). In recent outbreaks in Florida, mass spotting often produced blight-like necrosis of broad areas of the lamella, eventually killing the leaf. ...
... PCR products were visualized under UV light in a 1% agarose gel in 1× Tris-acetate-EDTA buffer stained with GelRed TM (Biotium) and sent for purification and sequencing in both directions at Genewiz Inc. Sequences generated in this study were compared with those obtained from the NCBI Gen-Bank database based on BLASTn searches and literature (Ayoubi and Soleimani 2016;Chamorro et al. 2016;Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014). Nucleotide sequences of the three regions (ITS, b-tub, and tef1) were assembled in Geneious (version 11.1.4), ...
Pestalotiopsis-like species have been reported affecting strawberry worldwide. Recently, severe and unprecedented outbreaks have been reported in Florida commercial fields where leaf, fruit, petiole, crown, and root symptoms were observed, and yield was severely affected. The taxonomic status of the fungus is confusing since it has gone through multiple reclassifications over the years. Morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analyses, and pathogenicity tests were evaluated for strawberry isolates recovered from diseased plants in Florida. Phylogenetic analyses derived from the combined ITS, β-tub, and tef1 regions demonstrated that although there was low genetic diversity among the strawberry isolates, there was a clear separation of the isolates in two groups. The first group included isolates recovered over a period of several years, which was identified as Neopestalotiopsis rosae. Most isolates recovered during the recent outbreaks were genetically different and may belong to a new species. On PDA, both groups produced white, circular, and cottony colonies. From the bottom, colonies were white to pale yellow for Neopestalotiopsis sp. and pale luteous to orange for N. rosae. Spores for both groups were five-celled with three median versicolored cells. Mycelial growth and spore production were higher for the new Neopestalotiopsis sp. isolates. Isolates from both groups were pathogenic to strawberry roots and crowns. However, the new Neopestalotiopsis sp. proved more aggressive in fruit and leaf inoculation tests, confirming observations from the recent outbreaks in commercial strawberry fields in Florida.
... Recently, a new fungal genus, Neopestalotiopsis, has been identified in association with multiple diseases in strawberry (Nellist 2018), causing crown rot (Chamorro et al. 2016), leaf spot (Rodrigues et al. 2014) and fruit rot (Ayoubi and Soleimani 2016). The distribution and development of other strawberry and raspberry pathogens are determined by temperature and humidity. ...
Climate change causes many challenges for Rosaceae plants although its impact varies across regions requiring different solutions. Dehardening after temperature fluctuations in winter season, increased frequency of droughts or floods after temperature rise and changes in the structure of precipitation during growing season cause plant growth cessation or injury and yield losses. The appearance of new diseases and pests that are not specific to the region is another challenge. Knowledge of main vectors, first disease symptoms, temperature, moisture requirements for particular fungi and virus spread, helps to apply proper growing conditions for avoiding the disease, but for full control, breeding of new plants with more suitable physiological properties than the existing plant varieties is required. According to recent molecular and genomic data, genes with various functions can be induced by different stresses. Their interactive function suggests the existence of crosstalk between cold and drought, biotic and abiotic stress responses. Knowledge of the structural or mechanical barriers for the pathogens, biochemistry of secondary metabolites and phytohormones as well as linked molecular markers is useful for creating new disease-resistant and adaptable cultivars. Use of biochemical markers such as accumulation of XERO2 like dehydrin, alcohol dehydrogenase, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, stachyose, galactinol, succinic acid, aspartic acid and putrescine gives possibility to create and select cold-resistant strawberry and raspberry varieties. It is proven that by inactivation of aquaporins, introduction of osmotin or transcription regulators by genetic engineering, it is possible to develop drought and salt-resistant varieties. Interspecific hybridization using wild relatives of cultivated plants widens the possibilities to introduce valuable traits. In general, scientific knowledge obtained in recent years gives possibility to introduce complex and durable resistance and to develop resilient cultivars featuring sufficient plasticity under changing environment.
