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Neodevriesia cladophorae (holotype). A, B. Colony 30 d on MEA. C, D. Colony 30 d on SNA. E-G. Micronematous conidiophores. H. Conidiogenous cell with conidium. I. Conidia in chains. J. Moniform hyphae. K, L. Chlamydospores forming from hyphae. M, N. Chlamydospores with additional septa. Bars: E-N = 10 µm.
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To identify Cladosporium-like isolates associated with marine algae, phylogenetic analyses were conducted using a combined dataset of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), 28S gene and partial RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2). These isolates were confirmed as belonging to Neodevriesia (Neodevriesiaceae), a...
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... This resulted in the discovery of many novel compounds such as: N-cinnamoylcyclopeptide (Lin et al. 2001a), xyloketals (Lin et al. 2001b), gamma-lactone, eutypoid-A (Lin et al. 2002a), 1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl), isocoumarins from the mangrove endophytic fungus #2533 (Lin et al. 2001c), eniatin G from the mangrove fungus Halosarpheia sp. (#732) from the South China Sea (Lin et al. 2002b) and butanone (Huang et al. 2005) (Han et al. 2022;Wang et al. 2016Wang et al. , 2017Wu et al. 2023;Zhang et al. 2021;Zhou et al. 2016). ...
Early research on marine fungi was mostly descriptive, with an emphasis on their diversity and taxonomy, especially of those collected at rocky shores on seaweeds and driftwood. Subsequently, further substrata (e.g. salt marsh grasses, marine animals, seagrasses, sea foam, seawater, sediment) and habitats (coral reefs, deep-sea, hydrothermal vents, mangroves, sandy beaches, salt marshes) were explored for marine fungi. In parallel, research areas have broadened from micro-morphology to ultrastructure, ecophysiology, molecular phylogenetics, biogeography, biodeterioration, biodegradation, bioprospecting, genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics. Although marine fungi only constitute a small fraction of the global mycota, new species of marine fungi continue to be described from new hosts/substrata of unexplored locations/habitats, and novel bioactive metabolites have been discovered in the last two decades, warranting a greater collaborative research effort. Marine fungi of Africa, the Americas and Australasia are under-explored, while marine Chytridiomycota and allied taxa, fungi associated with marine animals, the functional roles of fungi in the sea, and the impacts of climate change on marine fungi are some of the topics needing more attention. In this article, currently active marine mycologists from different countries have written on the history and current state of marine fungal research in individual countries highlighting their strength in the subject, and this represents a first step towards a collaborative inter- and transdisciplinary research strategy.
... To our knowledge, this is the first report of Thelebolus and Lachnellula strains in the context of plastic degradation. The genus Neodevriesia is found in a broad range of habitats (Wang et al., 2017). Recently, a Neodevriesia strain with the ability to form halos on agar containing polycaprolactone was isolated from a sea coast (Kim et al., 2022). ...
Increasing plastic production and the release of some plastic in to the environment highlight the need for circular plastic economy. Microorganisms have a great potential to enable a more sustainable plastic economy by biodegradation and enzymatic recycling of polymers. Temperature is a crucial parameter affecting biodegradation rates, but so far microbial plastic degradation has mostly been studied at temperatures above 20°C. Here, we isolated 34 cold-adapted microbial strains from the plastisphere using plastics buried in alpine and Arctic soils during laboratory incubations as well as plastics collected directly from Arctic terrestrial environments. We tested their ability to degrade, at 15°C, conventional polyethylene (PE) and the biodegradable plastics polyester-polyurethane (PUR; Impranil ® ); ecovio ® and BI-OPL, two commercial plastic films made of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA); pure PBAT; and pure PLA. Agar clearing tests indicated that 19 strains had the ability to degrade the dispersed PUR. Weight-loss analysis showed degradation of the polyester plastic films ecovio ® and BI-OPL by 12 and 5 strains, respectively, whereas no strain was able to break down PE. NMR analysis revealed significant mass reduction of the PBAT and PLA components in the biodegradable plastic films by 8 and 7 strains, respectively. Co-hydrolysis experiments with a polymer-embedded fluorogenic probe revealed the potential of many strains to depolymerize PBAT. Neodevriesia and Lachnellula strains were able to degrade all the tested biodegradable plastic materials, making these strains especially promising for future applications. Further, the composition of the culturing medium strongly affected the microbial plastic degradation, with different strains having different optimal conditions. In our study we discovered many novel microbial taxa with the ability to break down biodegradable plastic films, dispersed PUR, and PBAT, providing a strong foundation to underline the role of biodegradable polymers in a circular plastic economy.
... %). Most of the Neodevriesiaceae ASVs found in the samples belonged to Neodevriesia (Fig. 2d), a genus segregated from Cladosporium [16]. This genus is commonly found in marine environments [16,17], including causing fish lesions [18]. ...
... Most of the Neodevriesiaceae ASVs found in the samples belonged to Neodevriesia (Fig. 2d), a genus segregated from Cladosporium [16]. This genus is commonly found in marine environments [16,17], including causing fish lesions [18]. ...
... members of the orders Helotiales, Capnodiales, Peltigerales and Verrucariales, among others) are commonly found in symbiotic relationships with algae forming lichens [24][25][26][27][28]. For example, Cladosporium associates with red algae (Porphyra yezoensis) [29] and marine brown algae (Actinotrichia fragilis) [30] to form lichens. Neodevriesia, one of the most abundant genera found in Choloepus, has also been reported to form lichens with marine algae [16]. ...
Sloths have dense fur on which insects, algae, bacteria and fungi coexist. Previous studies using cultivation-dependent methods and 18S rRNA sequencing revealed that the fungal communities in their furs comprise members of the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. In this note, we increase the resolution and knowledge of the mycobiome inhabiting the fur of the two- (Choloepus hoffmanni) and three-toed (Bradypus variegatus) sloths. Targeted amplicon metagenomic analysis of ITS2 nrDNA sequences obtained from 10 individuals of each species inhabiting the same site revealed significant differences in the structure of their fungal communities and also in the alpha-diversity estimators. The results suggest a specialization by host species and that the host effect is stronger than that of sex, age and animal weight. Capnodiales were the dominant order in sloths' fur and Cladosporium and Neodevriesia were the most abundant genera in Bradypus and Choloepus, respectively. The fungal communities suggest that the green algae that inhabit the fur of sloths possibly live lichenized with Ascomycota fungal species. The data shown in this note offer a more detailed view of the fungal content in the fur of these extraordinary animals and could help explain other mutualistic relationships in this complex ecosystem.
... Fungi from this genus were previously reported using the culture-independent method, as the dominant group on 19th century mural paintings at Tha Kham temple in Thailand [18]. This genus, recently segregated from Cladosporium, encompasses species usually referred to as Cladosporium-like and of variable ecological preferences including extremophiles [81]. Members of the Neodevriesia genus include rock-inhabitant black fungi, characterized as highly melanized and slow-growing organisms exceptionally skilled at exploiting most kinds of extreme environments [9]. ...
The mycobiome of the cave Church of Sts. Peter and Paul, housing the peculiar fresco painting of “The Bald-headed Jesus”, was analyzed via culture-dependent and -independent methods. Salt efflorescence, colored patinas, and biofilm, as well as biopitting, discolorations, and fruiting bodies of wood-decay fungi were observed on surfaces within the church. Microscopic analyses showed an abundance of fungal structures, i.e., conidiophores, conidia, chlamydospores, and ascospores. The estimated values of the contamination classified all surfaces as the “Danger zone”. A total of 24 fungi from 17 genera were determined as part of the culturable mycobiome, with a dominance of Ascomycota of genera Penicillium. Biodegradative profiles analyzed via plate assays demonstrated positive reactions for 16 isolates: most commonly acid production (8), followed by pigment production and ligninolytic activity (6), protein degradation (5), cellulolytic activity (3) and carbonate dissolution (2). Metabarcoding analysis showed a dominance of Ascomycota in all samples (79.9–99.7%), with high relative abundance documented for Hypoxylon fuscopurpureum on the iconostasis and unclassified Mycosphaerellaceae family within order Capnodiales on fresco and stone, as well as moderate relative abundance for unclassified Dothideomycetes, Botryolepraria lesdainii, Verrucaria sp. and Cladosporium sp. on stone walls. The used set of integrative methods pointed out species of genus Neodevriesia and H. fuscopurpureum as the main deteriogenic agents of fresco and iconostasis surfaces, respectively.
... Genus Neodevriesia, Altenaria dan Phaeophleospora merupakan yang paling dominan kelimpahannya dalam kelas Dothideomcetes yang ditemukan pada feses lumba-lumba hidung botol (Tursiops aduncus). Penelitian sebelumnya ditemukan dua spesies baru, Neodevriesia cladophorae dan N. grateloupiae yang dilaporkan pertama kali diisolasi dari alga yang berada di zona pasang surut (Wang et al., 2017) dan juga spesies Neodevriesia cladophorae yang telah dilaporkan pertama kali oleh Armwood et al. (2021) terdapat pada jaringan ikan air laut dan air tawar pada kasus phaeohyphomycosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kelimpahan Neodevriesia yang paling dominan, dengan persentase hingga 62% pada feses lumba-lumba. ...
Mamalia laut memainkan peran ekologis penting di lautan, dan menjadi prioritas global karena kepekaan terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Lumba-lumba hidung botol (Tursiops aduncus) merupakan salah satu mamalia laut yang tersebar luas di Indonesia. Informasi mengenai mikrobioma masih sangat sedikit diketahui, terutama informasi mengenai mikrobioma fungi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi kelimpahan fungi kelas Dothideomycetes pada saluran pencernaan khususnya usus lumba-lumba hidung botol (Tursiops aduncus) dengan menggunakan Platform Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Penelitian ini berhasil mengidentifikasi 6 genera dari 4 ordo yang yang meliputi Neodevriesia, Altenaria, Stemphylium, Phaeophleospora, Diplodia dan Venturia. Kelompok Neodevriesia adalah yang paling mendominasi sebesar 62%, diikuti Alternaria 16% dan Phaeophleospora 14%. Fungi yang tidak teridentifikasi mencapai 5%. Kelimpahan fungi pada usus lumba-lumba hidung botol (Tursiops aduncus) diasumsikan memiliki korelasi dengan lingkungan dan makanan lumba-lumba pada pusat konservasi.
... Despite being first and primarily described as a terrestrial species, subsequent discoveries have since expanded the distribution of Neodevriesia to include the marine environment. Wang et al. (2018) (Crous et al. 2020). In an effort to examine marine fungi, we investigated fungi associated with scleractinian corals across coral reefs surrounding the Perhentian Islands, Malaysia. ...
Fungal species members of the genus Neodevriesia have been known to occur in marine environments. This report documents the first record of the fungal genus Neodevriesia isolated from scleractinian corals. Three isolated strains were identified from a phylogenetic tree that was constructed, based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and partial large subunit (ITS + LSU) DNA sequences. Isolates were closely related to both Neodevriesia shakazului (Crous) Crous and Neodevriesia queenslandica (Crous, R.G. Shivas & McTaggart) Crous, but formed a distinct clade with strong support that implies a potentially genetic variant of a known species or even a novel species. These findings contribute to the fungal diversity checklist in Malaysia and knowledge about marine fungi associated with scleractinian corals. ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ §
... Are endophytes of marine plants well adapted physiologically to the marine milieu? Exploration of fungi isolated from substrates other than woody tissue has revealed an exciting and much greater diversity of taxa: the seagrass Posidonia oceanica [139][140][141], macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis [142], Flabellia petiolata, Padina pavonica [141], Pterocladiella capillacea [143], various macroalgal species [101,144], marine sponges Dysidea fragilis, Pachymatisma johnstonia, Sycon ciliatum, Grantia compressa [145,146], and sea cucumber Holothuria poli [147] (Table 4). Many of the taxa were isolated as pale to dark brown chlamydospores, e.g., Corollospora, Neodevriesia and Paralulworthia species [141,144]. ...
... Exploration of fungi isolated from substrates other than woody tissue has revealed an exciting and much greater diversity of taxa: the seagrass Posidonia oceanica [139][140][141], macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis [142], Flabellia petiolata, Padina pavonica [141], Pterocladiella capillacea [143], various macroalgal species [101,144], marine sponges Dysidea fragilis, Pachymatisma johnstonia, Sycon ciliatum, Grantia compressa [145,146], and sea cucumber Holothuria poli [147] (Table 4). Many of the taxa were isolated as pale to dark brown chlamydospores, e.g., Corollospora, Neodevriesia and Paralulworthia species [141,144]. No sexual stages were observed, but in what form do they occur within their hosts and how did they colonise their hosts? ...
With the over 2000 marine fungi and fungal-like organisms documented so far, some have adapted fully to life in the sea, while some have the ability to tolerate environmental conditions in the marine milieu. These organisms have evolved various mechanisms for growth in the marine environment, especially against salinity gradients. This review highlights the response of marine fungi, fungal-like organisms and terrestrial fungi (for comparison) towards salinity variations in terms of their growth, spore germination, sporulation, physiology, and genetic adaptability. Marine, freshwater and terrestrial fungi and fungal-like organisms vary greatly in their response to salinity. Generally, terrestrial and freshwater fungi grow, germinate and sporulate better at lower salinities, while marine fungi do so over a wide range of salinities. Zoosporic fungal-like organisms are more sensitive to salinity than true fungi, especially Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Labyrinthulomycota and marine Oomycota are more salinity tolerant than saprolegniaceous organisms in terms of growth and reproduction. Wide adaptability to saline conditions in marine or marine-related habitats requires mechanisms for maintaining accumulation of ions in the vacuoles, the exclusion of high levels of sodium chloride, the maintenance of turgor in the mycelium, optimal growth at alkaline pH, a broad temperature growth range from polar to tropical waters, and growth at depths and often under anoxic conditions, and these properties may allow marine fungi to positively respond to the challenges that climate change will bring. Other related topics will also be discussed in this article, such as the effect of salinity on secondary metabolite production by marine fungi, their evolution in the sea, and marine endophytes.
... Are endophytes of marine plants well adapted physiologically to the marine milieu? Exploration of fungi isolated from substrates other than woody tissue has revealed an exciting and much greater diversity of taxa: the seagrass Posidonia oceanica [139][140][141], macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis [142], Flabellia petiolata, Padina pavonica [141], Pterocladiella capillacea [143], various macroalgal species [101,144], marine sponges Dysidea fragilis, Pachymatisma johnstonia, Sycon ciliatum, Grantia compressa [145,146], and sea cucumber Holothuria poli [147] (Table 4). Many of the taxa were isolated as pale to dark brown chlamydospores, e.g., Corollospora, Neodevriesia and Paralulworthia species [141,144]. ...
... Exploration of fungi isolated from substrates other than woody tissue has revealed an exciting and much greater diversity of taxa: the seagrass Posidonia oceanica [139][140][141], macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis [142], Flabellia petiolata, Padina pavonica [141], Pterocladiella capillacea [143], various macroalgal species [101,144], marine sponges Dysidea fragilis, Pachymatisma johnstonia, Sycon ciliatum, Grantia compressa [145,146], and sea cucumber Holothuria poli [147] (Table 4). Many of the taxa were isolated as pale to dark brown chlamydospores, e.g., Corollospora, Neodevriesia and Paralulworthia species [141,144]. No sexual stages were observed, but in what form do they occur within their hosts and how did they colonise their hosts? ...
Abstract: With the over 2000 marine fungi and fungal-like organisms documented so far, some have adapted fully to life in the sea, while some have the ability to tolerate environmental conditions in the marine milieu. These organisms have evolved various mechanisms for growth in the marine environment, especially against salinity gradients. This review highlights the response of marine fungi, fungal-like organisms and terrestrial fungi (for comparison) towards salinity variations in terms of their growth, spore germination, sporulation, physiology, and genetic adaptability. Marine, freshwater and terrestrial fungi and fungal-like organisms vary greatly in their response to salinity. Generally, terrestrial and freshwater fungi grow, germinate and sporulate better at lower salinities, while marine fungi do so over a wide range of salinities. Zoosporic fungal-like organisms are more sensitive to salinity than true fungi, especially Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Labyrinthulomycota distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). and marine Oomycota are more salinity tolerant than saprolegniaceous organisms in terms of growth andreproduction. Wide adaptability to saline conditions in marine or marine-related habitats requires mechanisms for maintaining accumulation of ions in the vacuoles, the exclusion of high levels of sodium chloride, the maintenance of turgor in the mycelium, optimal growth at alkaline pH, a broad temperature growth range from polar to tropical waters, and growth at depths and often under anoxic conditions, and these properties may allow marine fungi to positively respond to the challenges that climate change will bring. Other related topics will also be discussed in this article, such as the effect of salinity on secondary metabolite production by marine fungi, their evolution in the sea, and marine endophytes. Keywords: ocean acidification; adaptation; deep sea; global warming; mangrove fungi; physiology; stress response; transcriptome; seawater
... To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study report that Neodevriesia (known as Cladosporium-liked) was detected on mural painting. This genus may have contaminated the temple's environment due to its presence in plants and rock habitats [94]. However, information on functions and environment of Neodevrisia is still scarce, while Cladosporium has been reported to be an environmental saprophyte in various conditions [95]. ...
Lanna painting is a unique type of painting in many temples in the Northern Thai region. Similar to most mural paintings, they usually decay over time partly due to the activity of microbes. This study aimed to investigate the microorganisms from two Lanna masterpiece paintings in two temples that differ in the numbers of visitors using both culture-dependent and -independent approaches. The microorganisms isolated from the murals were also tested for the biodeterioration activities including discoloration, acid production and calcium precipitation. Most microorganisms extracted from the paintings were able to discolor the paints, but only fungi were able to discolor, produce acids and precipitate calcium. The microorganism communities, diversity and functional prediction were also investigated using the culture-independent method. The diversity of microorganisms and functional prediction were different between the two temples. Gammaproteobacteria was the predominant group of bacteria in both temples. However, the fungal communities were different between the two temples as Aspergillus was the most abundant genus in the site with higher number of visitors [Buak Krok Luang temple (BK)]. Conversely, mural paintings at Tha Kham temple (TK) were dominated by the Neodevriesia genera. We noticed that a high number of visitors (Buak Krok Luang) was correlated with microbial contamination from humans while the microbial community at Tha Kham temple had a higher proportion of saprotrophs. These results could be applied to formulate a strategy to mitigate the amount of tourists as well as manage microorganism to slow down the biodeterioration process.
... Phylogenetically, they form a strongly supported monophyletic group in Extremaceae sister to the genus Extremus but with low support. Moreover, although originally identified as 'Devriesia' sp., they group distant from Devriesia s.str. in Teratosphaeriaceae represented by D. staurophora, the generic type (Meng et al. 2017). Interestingly, two other strains also named 'Devriesia' sp., NG_p52, isolated during a study of gene expression of fungal nitrate reductases in agricultural soils from Austria (Gorfer et al. 2011); and MI63, isolated from soil in Germany, grouped within the Extremopsis clade and seem conspecific with E. radicicola, expanding the known distribution of the genus from southern Spain to other localities across Europe. ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Algeria,
Phaeoacremonium adelophialidum from Vitis vinifera. Antarctica, Comoclathris antarctica from soil. Australia,
Coniochaeta salicifolia as endophyte from healthy leaves of Geijera salicifolia, Eremothecium peggii in fruit of Citrus
australis, Microdochium ratticaudae from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Neocelosporium corymbiae on stems of
Corymbia variegata, Phytophthora kelmanii from rhizosphere soil of Ptilotus pyramidatus, Pseudosydowia backhousiae
on living leaves of Backhousia citriodora, Pseudosydowia indooroopillyensis, Pseudosydowia louisecottisiae
and Pseudosydowia queenslandica on living leaves of Eucalyptus sp. Brazil, Absidia montepascoalis from soil.
Chile, Ilyonectria zarorii from soil under Maytenus boaria. Costa Rica, Colletotrichum filicis from an unidentified
fern. Croatia, Mollisia endogranulata on deteriorated hardwood. Czech Republic, Arcopilus navicularis from tea bag
with fruit tea, Neosetophoma buxi as endophyte from Buxus sempervirens, Xerochrysium bohemicum on surface
of biscuits with chocolate glaze and filled with jam. France, Entoloma cyaneobasale on basic to calcareous soil,
Fusarium aconidiale from Triticum aestivum, Fusarium juglandicola from buds of Juglans regia. Germany, Tetraploa
endophytica as endophyte from Microthlaspi perfoliatum roots. India, Castanediella ambae on leaves of Mangifera
indica, Lactifluus kanadii on soil under Castanopsis sp., Penicillium uttarakhandense from soil. Italy, Penicillium ferraniaense
from compost. Namibia, Bezerromyces gobabebensis on leaves of unidentified succulent, Cladosporium
stipagrostidicola on leaves of Stipagrostis sp., Cymostachys euphorbiae on leaves of Euphorbia sp., Deniquelata
hypolithi from hypolith under a rock, Hysterobrevium walvisbayicola on leaves of unidentified tree, Knufia hypolithi
and Knufia walvisbayicola from hypolith under a rock, Lapidomyces stipagrostidicola on leaves of Stipagrostis sp.,
Nothophaeotheca mirabibensis (incl. Nothophaeotheca gen. nov.) on persistent inflorescence remains of Blepharis
obmitrata, Paramyrothecium salvadorae on twigs of Salvadora persica, Preussia procaviicola on dung of Procavia
sp., Sordaria equicola on zebra dung, Volutella salvadorae on stems of Salvadora persica. Netherlands, Entoloma
ammophilum on sandy soil, Entoloma pseudocruentatum on nutrient poor (acid) soil, Entoloma pudens on
plant debris, amongst grasses. New Zealand, Amorocoelophoma neoregeliae from leaf spots of Neoregelia sp.,
Aquilomyces metrosideri and Septoriella callistemonis from stem discolouration and leaf spots of Metrosideros
sp., Cadophora neoregeliae from leaf spots of Neoregelia sp., Flexuomyces asteliae (incl. Flexuomyces gen. nov.)
and Mollisia asteliae from leaf spots of Astelia chathamica, Ophioceras freycinetiae from leaf spots of Freycinetia banksii, Phaeosphaeria caricis-sectae from leaf spots of Carex secta. Norway, Cuphophyllus flavipesoides on soil
in semi-natural grassland, Entoloma coracis on soil in calcareous Pinus and Tilia forests, Entoloma cyaneolilacinum
on soil semi-natural grasslands, Inocybe norvegica on gravelly soil. Pakistan, Butyriboletus parachinarensis on
soil in association with Quercus baloot. Poland, Hyalodendriella bialowiezensis on debris beneath fallen bark of
Norway spruce Picea abies. Russia, Bolbitius sibiricus on а moss covered rotting trunk of Populus tremula, Crepidotus
wasseri on debris of Populus tremula, Entoloma isborscanum on soil on calcareous grasslands, Entoloma
subcoracis on soil in subalpine grasslands, Hydropus lecythiocystis on rotted wood of Betula pendula, Meruliopsis
faginea on fallen dead branches of Fagus orientalis, Metschnikowia taurica from fruits of Ziziphus jujube, Suillus
praetermissus on soil, Teunia lichenophila as endophyte from Cladonia rangiferina. Slovakia, Hygrocybe fulgens
on mowed grassland, Pleuroflammula pannonica from corticated branches of Quercus sp. South Africa, Acrodontium
burrowsianum on leaves of unidentified Poaceae, Castanediella senegaliae on dead pods of Senegalia
ataxacantha, Cladophialophora behniae on leaves of Behnia sp., Colletotrichum cliviigenum on leaves of Clivia
sp., Diatrype dalbergiae on bark of Dalbergia armata, Falcocladium heteropyxidicola on leaves of Heteropyxis
canescens, Lapidomyces aloidendricola as epiphyte on brown stem of Aloidendron dichotomum, Lasionectria
sansevieriae and Phaeosphaeriopsis sansevieriae on leaves of Sansevieria hyacinthoides, Lylea dalbergiae on
Diatrype dalbergiae on bark of Dalbergia armata, Neochaetothyrina syzygii (incl. Neochaetothyrina gen. nov.) on
leaves of Syzygium chordatum, Nothophaeomoniella ekebergiae (incl. Nothophaeomoniella gen. nov.) on leaves of
Ekebergia pterophylla, Paracymostachys euphorbiae (incl. Paracymostachys gen. nov.) on leaf litter of Euphorbia
ingens, Paramycosphaerella pterocarpi on leaves of Pterocarpus angolensis, Paramycosphaerella syzygii on leaf
litter of Syzygium chordatum, Parateichospora phoenicicola (incl. Parateichospora gen. nov.) on leaves of Phoenix
reclinata, Seiridium syzygii on twigs of Syzygium chordatum, Setophoma syzygii on leaves of Syzygium sp., Starmerella
xylocopis from larval feed of an Afrotropical bee Xylocopa caffra, Teratosphaeria combreti on leaf litter of
Combretum kraussii, Teratosphaericola leucadendri on leaves of Leucadendron sp., Toxicocladosporium pterocarpi
on pods of Pterocarpus angolensis. Spain, Cortinarius bonachei with Quercus ilex in calcareus soils, Cortinarius
brunneovolvatus under Quercus ilex subsp. ballota in calcareous soil, Extremopsis radicicola (incl. Extremopsis
gen. nov.) from root-associated soil in a wet heathland, Russula quintanensis on acidic soils, Tubaria vulcanica on
volcanic lapilii material, Tuber zambonelliae in calcareus soil. Sweden, Elaphomyces borealis on soil under Pinus
sylvestris and Betula pubescens. Tanzania, Curvularia tanzanica on inflorescence of Cyperus aromaticus. Thailand,
Simplicillium niveum on Ophiocordyceps camponoti-leonardi on underside of unidentified dicotyledonous leaf. USA,
Calonectria californiensis on leaves of Umbellularia californica, Exophiala spartinae from surface sterilised roots of
Spartina alterniflora, Neophaeococcomyces oklahomaensis from outside wall of alcohol distillery. Vietnam, Fistulinella
aurantioflava on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
