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Neodeightonia subglobosa CBS 448.91. a. Globose conidiomata; b, c. conidiogenous cells; d. hyaline conidia; e. mature brown conidia. — Scale bars: a = 250 µm; b–e = 10 µm. c
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Species in the Botryosphaeriaceae are common plant pathogens and saprobes found on a variety of mainly woody hosts. Teleomorphs typically have hyaline, aseptate ascospores. However, some have been reported with brown ascospores and their taxonomic status is uncertain. A multi-gene approach (SSU, ITS, LSU, EF1-alpha and beta-tubulin) was used to res...
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... All strains showed morphological characteristics typical of Lasiodiplodia spp. (Phillips et al. 2008, such as, slowly maturing conidia, subovoid to ellipsoid ovoid in shape, with a broadly rounded apex and a truncated base tapering towards the base. Immature conidia were initially double-layered, hyaline and unicellular (Fig. 2). ...
... In recent studies, taxonomists have frequently used highly conserved protein-coding genes such as tef1, tub2, and ITS to construct species-resolving phylogenies (Phillips et al. 2019;Slippers et al. 2014). The phylogenetic analysis with the concatenated dataset of ITS, tub2, rpb2 and tef1 sequences clearly placed our isolates within the L. theobromae and L. iraniensis species clusters with reference specimens from previously published studies (Netto et al. 2014;Phillips et al. 2008Phillips et al. , 2013. Lasiodiplodia theobromae was the most frequent species in this study, as also found in previous studies (Marques et al. 2013;Netto et al. 2014). ...
Lasiodiplodia spp. are known to cause canker, rot and dieback symptoms in several crops worldwide. In this study, two Lasiodiplodia species were identified as pathogens of native cacao accessions from the department of Amazonas, Peru, causing dieback and pod rot on young and old stems. We evaluated the macro and micro morphological characteristics, and conducted a molecular identification based on a phylogenetic analysis with a multilocus dataset with informative loci for the genus. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of immature conidia that were initially hyaline, subovoid, unicel-lular, and double-layered, which became reddish brown with a central septum and longitudinal grooves at maturity. In the phylogenetic analysis, we identified our isolates as L. theobromae and L. iraniensis with strong bootstrap support values. Koch's postulates were fulfilled after the re-isolation of the same species from diseased tissues of cacao fruits and stems after an artificial inoculation. Therefore, in this study, we report for the first time L. theobromae and L. iraniensis infecting native cacao plants in Amazonas, Peru.
... In this study, pathogenic fungi were isolated from diseased I. polycarpa in Henan and Hubei provinces, China. The colony and conidial characteristics demonstrated that these isolates were similar to those belonging to the genus Botryosphaeria (Phillips et al., 2008). ...
Idesia polycarpa is a woody oil plant with great development and application prospects. However, stem canker disease of I. polycarpa was frequently observed in Henan and Hubei provinces of China in 2020–2022. The seriousness of the disease caused a large number of trees deaths, which affected seedling production and fruit yield, restricting the development of the I . polycarpa industry. We performed isolation, purification and pathogenicity analysis of canker samples. Pathogenicity tests reproduced typical canker disease symptoms on detached branches of I . polycarpa . Based on morphological observations, conidial morphology and phylogenetic analysis of isolates with high similarity to the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), EF‐1α and TUB2 sequences screened in GenBank by BLAST, the pathogen of canker disease on I . polycarpa was identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea . This is the first report of B . dothidea as the pathogen of stem canker of I . polycarpa .
... Known hosts and distribution -On Gmelina arborea in Costa Rica (Alves et al. 2008); on grapes, Citrus, Chinese hackberry, English Walnut in China (Dissanayake et al. 2015, Li et al. 2016a, Liang et al. 2020, Chen et al. 2021); on mango in Korea (Kwon et al. 2017); on postharvest fruit in Thailand (Pipattanapuckdee et al. 2019); on dead leaves of Ananas comosus in Thailand (this study). ...
... GenBank numbers -ITS = OR438380, tub2 = OR887682 Notes -Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae was introduced by Alves et al. (2008). Our isolate clusters with L. pseudotheobromae with 91% ML and 0.98 PP support (Fig. 67). ...
... Our strain shares similar morphology to Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae (CBS 116459) in having unilocular, dark brown to black, immersed conidiomata, holoblastic, hyaline, cylindrical, slightly swollen at the base conidiogenous cells, ellipsoid, initially hyaline and aseptate, apex and base rounded, thickwalled conidia. However, our isolate did not show mature conidia after being released from the conidiomata, while, L. pseudotheobromae (CBS 116459) have 1-septate, dark brown, with longitudinal striations conidia after release from the conidiomata (Alves et al. 2008 Pycnidial wall 45-70 µm, composed of several layers of thick-walled, hyaline to pale brown cells of textura angularis. Paraphyses filamentous to cylindrical, hyaline, septate, branched, rounded at ends, 45-65 × 2-3 µm (x ̅ = 57 × 2.5 µm, n = 20), formed between conidiogenous cells. ...
Monocotyledons are one of the important groups of flowering plants that include
approximately 60,000 species with economically important crops including coconut (Cocos nuciferanucifera), pineapple (Ananas comosus comosus), and rice (Oryza sativa sativa). Studies on these hosts are mainly focused on pathogenic fungi; only a f ew saprobic species have been reported. This study investigated the saprobic ascomycetes associated with coconut, pineapple, and rice in southern China and northern Thailand. Approximately 200 specimens were collected, and 100 fungal strains were isolated and identified to 77 species based on phylogenetic approaches and morphological characteristics. Among the 77 species, 29, 38, and 12 were found on coconut, pineapple, and rice, respectively, distributed in Dothideomycetes (41), Eurotiomycetes (one), and S ordariomycetes (35). Pseudomycoleptodiscus , Pseudosaprodesmium Pseudosetoseptoria, Pseudostriatosphaeria and
Pseudoteichospora are introduced as new genera and Anthostomella cocois, Apiospora ananas, Chromolaenicola ananasi, Epicoccum yunnanensis, Exserohi lum ananas, Hypoxylon cocois, Lasiodiplodia ananasi, Muyocopron chiangraiense, Myrmecridium yunnanense, Occultitheca ananasi, Periconia chiangraiensis, Placidiopsis ananasi, Pseudomycoleptodiscus ananas, Pseudosaprodesmium cocois, Pseudosetoseptoria oryzae, Pseudostriatosphaeria chiangraiensis,
Pseudoteichospora thailandensis, Savoryella chiangraiensis, Savoryella cocois, and Tetraploa oryzae are introduced as novel species. In addition, 51 species are reported as new hosts or geographical records, and six species are reported as new collections. Pseudopithomyces pandanicola and P. palmicola are synonymized under P. chartarum, P. diversisporus synonymized under P. atro olivaceus based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics.
Moreover, comprehensive checklists of fungi associated with coconut, pineapple, and rice are also provided.
... Dothiorella parva was isolated from Corylus avellana in Spain and reported as Dothiorella sp. (Phillips et al. 2008). This species was described as sp. ...
Italy is the second largest hazelnut producer worldwide and Piedmont is one of the most productive regions in the country. The changing climatic condition and fungal trunk diseases (FTD) can have a severe impact on this crop. Particularly, the considerable spread of Cytospora cankers (‘Mal dello stacco’) and dieback represent a serious concern for producers. Thus, considering the limited studies on the causal agents, different surveys were conducted in seven hazelnut orchards during 2021 and 2022. Eight fungal species were identified: Anthostoma decipiens, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diaporthe eres, Dia. rudis, Diplodia seriata, Dip. subglobosa, Dothiorella parva and Nothophoma brennandiae . Species identification was achieved through multilocus phylogeny and morphology assessment. All the fungal species were pathogenic on healthy hazelnut plants (cultivar Tonda Gentile) and A. decipiens and Dia. eres were the most aggressive. The present study is the first report of B. dothidea and Dia. eres as causal agents of FTD on hazelnut in Italy and of Dia. rudis, Dip. subglobosa and N. brennandiae worldwide. Moreover, the study provides clarification of the fungal pathogens associated with FTD on this crop in Piedmont, thus laying the base for further studies on epidemiology, ecology and management strategies.
... The temperature profile for both ITS nrDNA and LSU nrDNA was an initial denaturing step for 2 min at 94 • C, followed by 35 amplification cycles of denaturation at 94 • C for 60 s, annealing at 58 • C for 60 s and extension at 72 • C for 90 s, and a final extension step of 72 • C for 10 min [29]. The temperature profile for the rpb2 was initial denaturation at 94 • C for 120 s, followed by 35 amplification cycles of denaturation at 95 • C for 45 s, annealing at 57 • C for 50 s, and extension at 72 • C for 90 s [24]. ...
Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) is one of the most important economic plants in China, and has many benefits for human health. Anthracnose is one of the most serious diseases of tea in China, and control of the fungus is important since most Chinese cultivars are susceptible to it. The agent of tea anthracnose was initially described as Gloeosporium theae-sinensis I. Miyake in Japan, which was later transferred to Discula, but this taxonomic position remains problematic. To shed light on these taxonomic and phylogenetic issues, the tea anthracnose pathogens were re-studied. Combining the morphological characteristics and a multigene phylogenetic analysis of nrITS, nrLSU, rpb2, and tef1 sequence data, a new genus Sinodiscula was proposed to accommodate the causal fungi of tea anthracnose, including a new species Sinodiscula camellicola and a new combination Sinodiscula theae-sinensis. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of the pathogens was determined according to Koch’s postulates. This study thoroughly resolves the long-standing taxonomic and phylogenetic problems of the tea anthracnose pathogens.
... von Arx & Müller (1975) transferred N. subglobosa to Botryosphaeria and consequently reduced Neodeightonia to synonymy under Botryosphaeria. However, based on morpho-molecular data, Phillips et al. (2008) reinstated Neodeightonia as a separate lineage in Botryosphaeriaceae distinct from Botryosphaeria. Neodeightonia species are characterized by hyaline, aseptate ascospores with bipolar germ pores, surrounded by a membrane that swells in water acquiring a wing-like appearance, and hyaline, aseptate conidia that may become pigmented, 1-septate and smooth to finely roughened or striate (Table 4). ...
... Status of the strains, R: reference, T: ex-type;. Descriptions presented are according to: present study (for N. chamaeropicola), Adamčík et al. (2015) (for N. licuriensis), Liu et al. (2010) (for N. palmicola),Phillips et al. (2008Phillips et al. ( , 2013 (for N. phoenicum),Konta et al. (2016a) (for N. rattanica and N. rattanicola),Wu et al. (2022) (for N. septata),Phillips et al. (2008Phillips et al. ( , 2013 andDai et al. (2017) (for N. subglobosa CBS 448.91 and MFLUCC 11-0482, respectively). * Neodeightonia subglobosa was introduced by Punithalingam (1969) based on a collection from Bambusa arundinacea in Sierra Leone, but no available culture was linked to the type specimen (IMI 57769c).Phillips et al. (2008) illustrated the asexual morph of N. subglobosa and provided sequence data based on the strain CBS 448.91, which was isolated from the keratomycosis of the eye of a human host in an unknown location byKirkness et al. (1991) as Sphaeropsis subglobosa. ...
... Status of the strains, R: reference, T: ex-type;. Descriptions presented are according to: present study (for N. chamaeropicola), Adamčík et al. (2015) (for N. licuriensis), Liu et al. (2010) (for N. palmicola),Phillips et al. (2008Phillips et al. ( , 2013 (for N. phoenicum),Konta et al. (2016a) (for N. rattanica and N. rattanicola),Wu et al. (2022) (for N. septata),Phillips et al. (2008Phillips et al. ( , 2013 andDai et al. (2017) (for N. subglobosa CBS 448.91 and MFLUCC 11-0482, respectively). * Neodeightonia subglobosa was introduced by Punithalingam (1969) based on a collection from Bambusa arundinacea in Sierra Leone, but no available culture was linked to the type specimen (IMI 57769c).Phillips et al. (2008) illustrated the asexual morph of N. subglobosa and provided sequence data based on the strain CBS 448.91, which was isolated from the keratomycosis of the eye of a human host in an unknown location byKirkness et al. (1991) as Sphaeropsis subglobosa. ...
The Botryosphaeriaceae is the largest family in Botryosphaeriales and currently comprises 22 genera of important endophytes, saprobes and plant pathogens. Most botryosphaeriaceous species have a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on a wide range of woody hosts. Nonetheless, in many hosts, including palms (Arecaceae), the complex of associated Botryosphaeriaceae taxa is as yet unknown. The present study aimed to identify the botryosphaeriaceous species associated with foliar lesions of ornamental palms in Lisbon, Portugal. Twenty-nine Botryosphaeriaceae taxa were isolated from seven different palm species and identified based on both morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Six genera were detected: Botryosphaeria, Diplodia, Dothiorella, Neodeightonia, Neofusicoccum and Sardiniella. A new species of Neodeightonia, N. chamaeropicola, is introduced. Three botryosphaeriaceous species are reduced to synonymy. Thirteen new plant host-fungus associations are reported, while four new geographical records are noted for Portugal. A synopsis of accepted and phylogenetically validated Botryosphaeriaceae taxa reported from palms worldwide is presented. A total of 31 botryosphaeriaceous species have been currently reported from Arecaceae hosts, and many of them are associated with disease symptoms. This illustrates that more systematic studies are needed to examine the complex of Botryosphaeriaceae taxa associated with palms and determine their potential pathogenicity.
... The genus Phaeobotryon, which has not been investigated extensively, was established by Theissen and Sydow in 1915 for the taxonomic arrangement of Dothidea cercidis Cooke (Theissen and Sydow 1915). Although the genus Phaeobotryon was considered a synonym of the genus Botryosphaeria, Phillips et al. (2008) redefined this genus based on its brown ascospores with two septa and an apiculus at each end, as well as its distinct phylogenetic position , Liu et al. 2012, Fan et al. 2015. In recent years, the phylogenetic position of the genus Botryosphaeria has been reorganized based on molecular phylogenetic analysis , Liu et al. 2012 (Chen et al. 2019, Zhang et al. 2021. ...
... Like Botryosphaeriales, Dothiorella has various ecological roles, such as saprotrophs, endophytes, or plant pathogens (Abdollahzadeh et al. 2014). It has been obtained from different woody hosts of other botanical families , 2008, Lynch et al. 2013, Abdollahzadeh et al. 2014, burgess et al. 2006, Wet et al. 2009, dissanayake et al. 2016Lin et al. 2023;Rathnayaka et al. 2022;Xiao et al. 2021). Introducing a new fungal species, such as D. saprophytica, adds to our understanding of biodiversity and the ecology of fungi. ...
Dothiorella has cosmopolitan species and a wide range of hosts as endophytes, saprobes, and pathogens. Many species have been introduced solely based on their host association, resulting in misidentification. This study describes a novel species, Dothiorella saprophytica sp. nov., a sexual morph of Dothiorella, from Chiang Mai, Thailand using multi-locus phylogeny (ITS + tef1-α + β-tub) and morphological characters. Detailed morphology and multi-locus phylogeny are provided to give more insights into the diversity and taxonomy of this genus. Dothiorella saprophytica is characterized by its sexual morph with pseudothecial and immersed ascomata, peridium textura angularis, hyaline, thin-walled, unbranched, and septate pseudoparaphyses, clavate and bitunicate asci, and ovoid to sub-clavate, 0–1-septate ascospores. Introducing new fungal species, such as D. saprophytica sp. nov., adds to our understanding of biodiversity and the ecology of fungi and provides opportunities for further research.
... Material examined -China, Taiwan province, Chiayi, Chiayi Arboretum, living on a dead twig of G. subelliptica (Clusiaceae), 16 August 2019, Achala Rathnayaka, (MFLU 22-0281, new host and geographical record), living culture NCYUCC 19-0391. Known hosts and distribution -Adansonia digitata in Senegal (Cruywagen et al. 2017), Annona leptopetala, A. muricata, A. squamosa, Mangifera indica in Brazil (Marques et al. 2013, Machado et al. 2019, Cinnamomum zeylanicum in Sri Lanka (Adikaram & Yakandawala 2020), Corymbia flavescens, Corymbia sp., Syzygium album in Australia (Burgess et al. 2006, Sakalidis et al. 2011, Burgess et al. 2019, Syzygium cordatum in South Africa (Phillips et al. 2008), Eucalyptus urophylla in Uruguay and Venezuela (Burgess et al. 2006, Pérez et al. 2010, Pterocarpus angolensis in Africa, Australia and South Africa (Mehl et al. 2011, Coutinho et al. 2017, Custódio et al. 2018, Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra in South Africa (Mehl et al. 2017 Notes -Morphologically, our collection (NCYUCC 19-0391) is similar to the holotype of Lasiodiplodia crassispora (MURU 407) collected from the canker of Santalum album in Western. ...
... Known hosts and distribution -Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae has a cosmopolitan distribution and different host species (Farr & Rossman 2022). (Alves et al. 2008). Both holotype and our strains have uniloculate, immersed conidiomata that become erumpent at maturity, with hyaline, aseptate conidia becoming one septate, dark brown with age, with longitudinal striations (Alves et al. 2008). ...
... (Alves et al. 2008). Both holotype and our strains have uniloculate, immersed conidiomata that become erumpent at maturity, with hyaline, aseptate conidia becoming one septate, dark brown with age, with longitudinal striations (Alves et al. 2008). However, conidial size is comparatively smaller in our strains (x̄ = 20 × 12 μm) than in the holotype (x̄ = 28 ± 2.5 × 16 ± 1.2 µm) (Alves et al. 2008). ...
Lasiodiplodia (Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales) has a global distribution and occurs on a wide range of monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous, and gymnospermous hosts. Most Lasiodiplodia species are pathogens that cause various diseases, such as stem cankers, stem and branch gummosis, shoot blight, and fruit rot. In addition, Lasiodiplodia species occur as endophytes and saprobes. This study presents one of the most reliable molecular markers for Lasiodiplodia. The combination of four loci, the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the partial translation elongation factor 1-α gene (tef1-α), beta-tubulin (tub2), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), provided a more reliable resolution for this genus at the species level. Geographical studies showed that Lasiodiplodia species are distributed in tropical and temperate regions, but not in the polar regions. Among its species, L. theobromae has a worldwide distribution on a wide range of hosts, including economically important crops. Combining the morphology and molecular phylogeny is necessary for accurate taxonomic identification of Lasiodiplodia species and is being used in this study. Multigene phylogenetic analyses were performed based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses using combined ITS, Mycosphere 14(1): 1254-1339 (2023) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/14/1/14 1255 tef1-α, tub2, and rpb2 sequence data. In addition, the main morphological characteristics of holotype specimens of Lasiodiplodia species are provided. The current study introduced 25 new host and geographical records of saprobic Lasiodiplodia species from Taiwan province, China and Thailand. Based on the herbarium study, two Lasiodiplodia species, L. avicenniarum and L. krabiensis are synonymized under L. brasiliensis. Our analyses revelaed that Lasiodiplodia theobromae as the most common species in this genus, which occurs in a wide range of hosts in tropical and subtropical regions. The present study has led to the expansion of the taxonomic framework of Lasiodiplodia by revealing new host and geographical records. Furthermore, the haplotype networks generated using ITS, tef1-α, tub2, and rpb2 sequence data for 520 isolates of L. theobromae from 44 host families and 35 countries display that none of the L. theobromae isolates grouped according to their host family or country, suggesting that L. theobromae is a less genetically diverse, globally distributed species.
... Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe are widespread worldwide fungi associated with canker diseases in a broad diversity of woody crops (Gomes et al. 2013;Phillips et al. 2008Phillips et al. , 2013Phillips et al. , 2019. On English walnut (Juglans regia L.), which is a tree nut of a major economic importance in China, the United States, and several Mediterranean countries (e.g., France and Spain) (FAO 2019;INC 2017;L opez-Larrinaga et al. 2017), Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe fungi have been reported as the main causal agents of canker, branch dieback, and shoot blight of this crop (Michailides and Hasey 2010;Moral et al. 2019). ...
... Most of the previous studies regarding Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe fungi on English walnut have focused on the etiology of the disease. Because most of the fungal species belonging to these two families are commonly considered saprophytes or endophytes with opportunistic behavior (Agust ı-Brisach et al. 2019; Gomes et al. 2013;Guarnaccia et al. 2018;Phillips et al. 2008), the pathogenicity of all the fungal species associated with branch dieback and shoot blight of English walnut has had to be demonstrated prior to describing them as causal agents of the disease. In general, members of Botryosphaeriaceae are significantly more aggressive than those of Diaporthe. ...
Shoot blight and branch dieback of English walnut has been associated with a broad diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe fungi worldwide. These pathogens affect both wood and fruit tissues, infecting the tree through mechanical or natural wounds. Fruit infections can play an important role in the life cycle of the disease. Thus, the effects of cultivar, and fruit maturity on English walnut fruit infection by Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum mediterraneum and N. parvum) and Diaporthe (Diaporthe neotheicola and Dia. rhusicola) fungi were evaluated. The infection and disease progress from inoculated attached fruits or by inoculating fruit abscission wounds was evaluated both under laboratory and field conditions. An initial experiment evaluating two inoculation methods was conducted, but there were not significant differences in disease severity between inoculations with mycelial plugs or conidial suspensions. A total of eight cultivars were selected to evaluate their susceptibility to fruit infection, with ‘Chandler’ being the most susceptible for all the pathogens tested compared to the other cultivars. Botryosphaeriaceae showed higher aggressiveness on fruit collected at beginning- or middle summer, while Diaporthe showed similar aggressiveness regardless of fruit maturity stage. Botryosphaeriaceae fungi were able to colonize the entire surface of the inoculated fruit, reaching the peduncle and infecting the attached shoot; while Diaporthaceae fungi were not able to colonize the surface of the inoculated fruit quickly enough to infect the attached shoot before the peduncle was naturally separated from the shoot. Finally, we demonstrated that both Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe fungi can infect shoots by inoculating the natural fruit abscission wounds in the field. This study generates new insights into the influence of fruit infection leading to shoot blight and branch dieback of English walnut caused by Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe fungi.
