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Neighbour-joining tree showing the position of strain 80-133 T in relation to phylogenetically close organisms in the 16S rRNA Streptomyces gene tree. Asterisks indicate branches that were also recovered using the least-squares, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony tree-making algorithms. f and p indicate branches that were also recovered using the least-squares and maximum-parsimony methods, respectively. Numbers at nodes are percentage bootstrap values based on a neighbour-joining analysis of 1000 resampled datasets; only values above 50 % are given. Bar, 0?1 substitutions per site.
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A soil actinomycete, strain 80-133(T), with the non-validly published name 'Microstreptospora cinerea', was the subject of a polyphasic study designed to clarify its taxonomic status. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies indicated that the organism belonged to the genus Streptomyces, a result in line with previous chemotaxonomic and morpholog...
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Citations
... Streptomyces pratensis, and S. atroolivaceus produce spores on both oatmeal agar and ISP2, and S. mutomycini on oatmeal agar [41,42]. Likewise, Streptomyces yanni can sporulate on oatmeal agar, Streptomyces gelaticus sporulates on ISP2 agar and Streptomyces gelaticus in both media [42,43]. In addition, we compared the phylogenetic relationships obtained from the single-copy core genes and MLSA. ...
Genomes of four Streptomyces isolates, two putative new species (Streptomyces sp. JH14 and Streptomyces sp. JH34) and two non thaxtomin-producing pathogens (Streptomyces sp. JH002 and Streptomyces sp. JH010) isolated from potato fields in Colombia were selected to investigate their taxonomic classification, their pathogenicity, and the production of unique secondary metabolites of Streptomycetes inhabiting potato crops in this region. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) value calculated between Streptomyces sp. JH34 and its closest relatives (92.23%) classified this isolate as a new species. However, Streptomyces sp. JH14 could not be classified as a new species due to the lack of genomic data of closely related strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on 231 single-copy core genes, confirmed that the two pathogenic isolates (Streptomyces sp. JH010 and JH002) belong to Streptomyces pratensis and Streptomyces xiamenensis, respectively, are distant from the most well-known pathogenic species, and belong to two different lineages. We did not find orthogroups of protein-coding genes characteristic of scab-causing Streptomycetes shared by all known pathogenic species. Most genes involved in biosynthesis of known virulence factors are not present in the scab-causing isolates (Streptomyces sp. JH002 and Streptomyces sp. JH010). However, Tat-system substrates likely involved in pathogenicity in Streptomyces sp. JH002 and Streptomyces sp. JH010 were identified. Lastly, the presence of a putative mono-ADP-ribosyl transferase, homologous to the virulence factor scabin, was confirmed in Streptomyces sp. JH002. The described pathogenic isolates likely produce virulence factors uncommon in Streptomyces species, including a histidine phosphatase and a metalloprotease potentially produced by Streptomyces sp. JH002, and a pectinesterase, potentially produced by Streptomyces sp. JH010. Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) showed the presence of clusters associated with the synthesis of medicinal compounds and BGCs potentially linked to pathogenicity in Streptomyces sp. JH010 and JH002. Interestingly, BGCs that have not been previously reported were also found. Our findings suggest that the four isolates produce novel secondary metabolites and metabolites with medicinal properties.
... All isolates to have possessed similar biochemical tests results as the ones that were Streptomyces griseus. Streptomyces griseus is a spore-forming, alkaliphilic bacterium known to produce many types of secondary metabolites, including the antibiotic streptomycin(Liu et al., 2005). Our resultes agreement withRam(2014). ...
The present study was aimed for identify Streptomyces griseus by biochemical tests. All Streptomyces spp. isolates (MH1, MH7, MH3, MH17, MH25) were screened for their antibacterial activity using scross-streak technique against Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus). Screening was performed by agar-well diffusion method and growth inhibition zones were measured in millimeters for each of the Streptomyces spp. isolates MH1, MH7, MH3, MH25. Tested isolates have shown potent in vitro antibacterial activities against all tested pathogens. The highest activities were shown by isolate MH7 against Staphylococcus aureus (21 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.8 mm), Escherichia coli (22.5 mm). Streptomyces spp isolates (MH1, MH7, MH3, MH25) were selected for biochemical studies. All isolates hydrolyzed starch. All isolates produced Catalase, Gelatinase, Protease, Urease, Amylase, Cellulase, Chitinase and Lipase. All Streptomyces spp. isolates have ability to reduce nitrate, Tyrosine degradation and Casein hydrolysis. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) production, Oxidase production, Indole production and Melanine reaction were studied for Streptomyces spp. isolates(MH1, MH7, MH3, MH25). Most of the isolates were not H2S producer, Oxidase, Indole and Melanine reaction except one isolate (MH3). All Streptomyces spp. isolates could Citrate utilization and Pectin degradation except MH7. Streptomyces spp. isolates 4 isolate utilizes eight carbon sources (Carbohydrates utilization)
such as the Glucose, Galactose, Fructose, Sucrose, Xylose, Maltose, Lactose and Mannitol). Results of Streptomyces spp. isolates by Utilization of nitrogen (amino acid) sources (L- arginine ,L-isoleucine, Lcysteine, L-glycine, L-tyrosine and L-alanine). Four Streptomyces spp. isolates were selected, characterized based and identified by biochemical examination according to Bergey’s Manual of determinative bacteriology. The bacteria was described to genus Streptomyces and species griseus. Given 4 isolates are presumptively the same or similar species (e.g., Streptomyces griseus). All isolates to have possessed similar biochemical tests results as the ones that were
... The identity was confirmed by MTCC (Shiburaj 2003). Due to the accumulation of numerous varieties of this economically important organism, re-evaluation and reinterpretation of classification were described by Kim et al. 2012, Liu et al. 2005and Waksman 1959. The strain was maintained in ISP4 broth/agar and grown at 28 ℃ for 48 h. ...
Biofilm formation is a major issue in healthcare settings as 75% of nosocomial infection arises due to biofilm residing bacteria. Exopolysaccharides (EPS), a key component of the biofilm matrix, contribute to the persistence of cells in a complex milieu and defends greatly from exogenous stress and demolition. It has been shown to be vital for biofilm scaffold and pathogenic features. The present study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of four domain-containing α-amylase from Streptomyces griseus (SGAmy) in disrupting the EPS of multidrug-resistant bacteria, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro analysis of preformed biofilm unveiled the antibiofilm efficacy of SGAmy against MRSA (85%, p < 0.05) and P. aeruginosa (82%, p < 0.05). The total carbohydrate content in the EPS matrix of MRSA and P. aeruginosa was significantly reduced to 71.75% (p < 0.01) and 74.09% (p < 0.01), respectively. The findings inferred from in vitro analysis were further corroborated through in vivo studies using an experimental model organism, Danio rerio. Remarkably, the survival rate was extended to 88.8% (p < 0.05) and 74.2% (p < 0.05) in MRSA and P. aeruginosa infected fishes, respectively. An examination of gills, kidneys, and intestines of D. rerio organs depicted the reduced level of microbial colonization in SGAmy-treated cohorts and these findings were congruent with bacterial enumeration results.
... 99% sequence identity of full-length sequences is considered an optimal threshold value for species delineation [33,34]. Many assigned species were reclassified by the authors Rong et al., Kim et al. and Liu et al. as heterotypic synonyms [31,[35][36][37][38]. Specifically, Streptomyces coelicolor, limosus, sampsonii and felleus are a later heterotypic synonym of S. albidoflavus [35], S. praecox is later heterotypic synonym of S. anulatus [31], S. albovinaceus, griseinus and mediolani is S. globisporus [35], the correct name for S. caviscabies, baarnensis, acrimycini, fimicarius and flavofuscus is S. griseus [34,36], and for S. fulvissimus and alboviridis the correct name is S. microflavus [34,37]. ...
... 99% sequence identity of full-length sequences is considered an optimal threshold value for species delineation [33,34]. Many assigned species were reclassified by the authors Rong et al., Kim et al. and Liu et al. as heterotypic synonyms [31,[35][36][37][38]. Specifically, Streptomyces coelicolor, limosus, sampsonii and felleus are a later heterotypic synonym of S. albidoflavus [35], S. praecox is later heterotypic synonym of S. anulatus [31], S. albovinaceus, griseinus and mediolani is S. globisporus [35], the correct name for S. caviscabies, baarnensis, acrimycini, fimicarius and flavofuscus is S. griseus [34,36], and for S. fulvissimus and alboviridis the correct name is S. microflavus [34,37]. In the phylogenetic tree (Figure 1), we did not include later heterotypic synonyms, except for S. coelicolor (a later synonym of S. albidoflavus) and S. flavofuscus (a later synonym of S. griseus) because S. albidoflavus and S. griseus had slightly lower sequenced identity (99.92%) than their synonyms (100%) to our isolates. ...
Technosols are artificial soils generated by diverse human activities and frequently contain toxic substances resulting from industrial processes. Due to lack of nutrients and extreme physico-chemical properties, they represent environments with limited bacterial colonization. Bacterial populations of technosols are dominated usually by Actinobacteria, including streptomycetes, known as a tremendous source of biotechnologically important molecules. In this study, the biodiversity of streptomycete-like isolates from several technosols, mainly mine soils and wastes (landfills and sludge) in Slovakia, was investigated. The combination of basic morphological and biochemical characterisations, including heavy metal resistance determination, and molecular approaches based on 16S rRNA gene analysis were used for the identification of the bacterial strains. From nine isolates of Actinobacteria collected from different habitats, one was found to represent a new species within the Crossiella genus. Eight other isolates were assigned to the genus Streptomyces, of which at least one could represent a new bacterial species. Some isolates showed high resistance to Pb, Zn, Cu or Ni. The most tolerated metal was Pb. The results obtained in this study indicate that technosols are a prospective source of new actinomycete species resistant to heavy metals what underlines their bioremediation potential.
... In the nearly 300 new compounds, almost 80 % of them refer to bioactivities, especially some important discoveries of pharmacology and toxicology. But, the microorganisms from mangrove have not yet gained enough recognition until now ( Liua, 2008). Marine environments are largely untapped source for the isolation of new microorganisms with potentiality to produce active secondary metabolites ( Baskaran et al., 2011). ...
Actinobacteria are Gram positive prokaryotes which produce branching mycelium. Actinobacteria are widely distributed in natural and man-made environments and play an important role in the degradation of organic matter. They are also well known as a rich source of antibiotics and bioactive molecules. Actinobacteria hold a prominent position for their diversity and ability to produce novel substances. The terrestrial soil Actinobacteria has potential biotechnological applications and is a new resource for structurally diverse secondary metabolites. At present, an alternative approach was to make the isolation procedure more selective by adding chemical such as phenol to the soil suspension. Considering the practically useful compounds, today about 130 to 140 microbial products and a similar number of derivatives are applied in human medicine, mostly in chemotherapy and veterinary medicine. The majority of these compounds, except fungal penicillins, cephalosporins and several bacterial peptides and few others, are also produced by Actinobacteria. The high percentage of new compounds derived from new target-oriented screening methods is also of Actinobacteria origin.
... Three of these com- pounds—11, 12, and 13—have identical absorbance spectra with maxima at 252 and 366 nm. The ESI-MS spectrum for 11 S. albovinaceus (40136) A H-135Y [9] S. orinoci (40571) neoaureothin, neoanthimycin [10] S. clavifer (40843) m elanostatin [11] S. ambofaciens (40053) azotomycin, foromadicin, [12] netropsin S. aureocirculatus (40386) – [ 13] S. kasugaensis (40819) kasugamycin [14] S. olivochromogenes (40451) – [15] S. curacoi (40107) c uramycin A [16] S. yanii (43887) – [ 17] S. asterosporus (41452) – [ 18] S. glomeroaurantiacus (41782) – [ 19] S. vitaminophilum (41686) pyrrolomycin [20] S. cyanogenus S136 landomycins [ 21] S. violaceoruber T¸22 d aidzein, granaticins A and B, [22] granatomycin E, genistein, metenaticines A and B , 12, and 13 suggest that the compounds are derivatives of one another. ...
Recently we described an unusual way of activating a cryptic gene cluster when we explored the origin of the bald phenotype of Streptomyces calvus. Complementation of S. calvuswith a correct copy of bldA restored sporulation and additionally promoted production of a new natural products. In this study we report on the expression of bldA in several Streptomyces strains which have been described as "poor sporulating" strains. In 7 out of 15 cases HPLC profiling revealed the production of new compounds, and in two cases the overproduction of known compounds. Two compounds were isolated and their structures were determined.
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... VPTSA18. Further, the characterization study of isolate VPTSA18 was in accordance with the previous reports of Waksman (1967) and Liu et al. (2005) on S. griseus. These researchers reported that the spore chains of S. griseus were rectiflexibiles and the surface was smooth. ...
... Given that most of the 11 isolates are presumptively the same or similar species (e.g., Streptomyces griseus) based on 16S rRNA sequencing, it is also possible that the species richness of Streptomyces in the Laguna Madre is limited. Streptomyces griseus is a spore-forming, alkaliphilic bacterium known to produce many types of secondary metabolites, including the antibiotic streptomycin (Liu et al., 2005). However, the results of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing should only be considered putative. ...
Streptomyces are common soil bacteria that produce secondary metabolites, including several antibiotics; however, the characteristics of marine Streptomyces are largely unknown. Sediment samples were taken from 3 sites in the Laguna Madre to isolate marine Streptomyces. Sediment was diluted, spread onto synthetic seawater media to estimate the total bacterial density of the samples and spread onto starch casein agar to isolate Streptomyces. Isolated Streptomyces were tested for salinity tolerance and optimal growth pH. Isolates were assayed using API 20E® test strips and BIOLOG™ plates to construct biochemical profiles and assess nutrient utilization abilities of the bacteria, respectively. Individual Streptomyces were tested for the ability to inhibit the growth of other isolated Streptomyces (i.e., interference competition) and putatively identified by DNA sequencing. Results showed that there was no significant difference in microbial density in sediments from the 3 sampling sites. Eleven (11) Streptomyces pure cultures were obtained in total; most tolerated salinity up to 60 ppt and grew optimally at pH 7.5. Biochemical profile comparisons showed that the Streptomyces were only at least 74% similar; most (8/11) were >90% similar. Isolates could use between 87-95 carbon sources. Three (3) isolates displayed interference toward other isolates. Ten (10) isolates were identified as Streptomyces griseus by DNA sequencing. Laguna Madre Streptomyces organisms display some diverse characteristics with regards to their halotolerance, biochemical profiles, carbon source utilization and inhibition toward other organisms. Further investigations may yield greater understanding of these organisms in this and other marine environments and may be a reservoir of novel microorganisms and secondary metabolites.
... Given that most of the 11 isolates are presumptively the same or similar species (e.g., Streptomyces griseus) based on 16S rRNA sequencing, it is also possible that the species richness of Streptomyces in the Laguna Madre is limited. Streptomyces griseus is a spore-forming, alkaliphilic bacterium known to produce many types of secondary metabolites, including the antibiotic streptomycin (Liu et al., 2005). However, the results of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing should only be considered putative. ...
... Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters were used to classify streptomycetes, however different characters gave rise to different taxa [3] and the molecular approaches became established with DNA-DNA hybridization used for valid species description [4]. For large scale studies sequences used included the 16 S rRNA gene [5,6,7,8] the 16 S–23 S intergenic spacer region [9,10,11] random amplified polymorphic DNA [12] and protein-coding genes such as rpoB (RNA polymerase b subunit) [13,14] or trpB (tryptophan synthase b chain) [15]. These methods have now been superseded by multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) [16,17,18], as the use of multiple gene sequences helps to buffer distortions on phylogeny generated by recombina- tion [19]. ...
An attempt was made to verify the observation that Streptomyces griseus was prevalent in soil based on isolation work. A genus-specific PCR was developed for Streptomyces based on the housekeeping gene atpD and used to investigate species diversity within selected soils. The presence of S. griseus was investigated to determine coexistence of resistance-only streptomycin phosphotransferase (strA) in the same soil as streptomycin producers. Two additional PCR-based assays were developed; one specific for strA in association with production, the other for more diverse strA and other related phosphotranferases. Both the S. griseus atpD and strA genes were below the PCR detection limit in all soils examined. A number of more diverse phosphotransferase genes were amplified, a minority of which may be associated with streptomycin production. We conclude that neither streptomycin producers nor S. griseus are prevalent in the fresh or chitin and starch-amended soils examined (less than 0.1% of soil actinobacteria). One of the soil sites had received plantomycin (active ingredient: streptomycin) and diversity studies suggested that this altered the streptomycete populations present in the soil.
