Fig 2 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
Content may be subject to copyright.
Neighbour joining analysis inferred from ITS region sequences of Rhizoplaca species from Tianshan Mountains.
Source publication
A molecular phylogenetic analysis of Rhizoplaca melanophthalma, Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca, Rhizoplaca peltata and Rhizoplaca haydenii is presented based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and morphology. Rhizoplaca species were collected at 3400-3900 m in Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang province, China. Rhizoplaca haydenii...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... 86% in the minimum evolution analysis). R. hay- denii (EF095292) emerges as a sister group to the R. melanophthalma group within R. melanoph- thalma. Phylogenetic trees of neighbour-joining and minimum evolution analyses are correspond- ing to each other, with only slight re-arrangements in the group containing R. melanophthalma, and are shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. ...
Similar publications
Traditional transformation methods are complex and time consuming. It is generally difficult to transform indica rice varieties using traditional transformation methods due to their poor regeneration. In this contribution, a simple method was developed for the transformation of indica rice. In this method, the mature embryos of soaked seeds were pi...
The Cat3 gene of maize exhibits a transcriptionally regulated circadian rhythm. In the present study we examined the following: (1) the extent of the circadian Cat3 expression between maize genotypes of diverse origin; (2) the functional significance of a Tourist transposable element located in the Cat3 promoter of the inbred line W64A, which harbo...
The European dogroses (Rosa sect. Caninae (DC.) Ser.) are characterized by a unique meiosis system ("canina-meiosis"), which controls the heterogamous development of tetraploid egg cells and haploid pollen grains resulting in a pentaploid somatic status. This permanent anorthoploidy is supposed to have originated by a hybridization event in the pos...
Aim. To study the selection conditions of maize transformants containing the CP4epsps gene using glyphosate as a selective agent. Methods. Tissue culture in vitro, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, selection of transgenic plants, isolation of total plant DNA, analysis of plant DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results. The morphogenic ma...
Citations
... The two new species, Rhizoplaca adpressa (ML = 100; BI = 1.00) and R. auriculata (ML = 100; BI = 1.00), formed highly supported monophyletic clade, and were grouped together as sister clades within the R. chrysoleucacomplex. The large genetic variation within the R. chrysoleuca-complex has been shown in multiple previous studies (Cansaran et al. 2006;Zhou et al. 2006;Zheng et al. 2007). Leavitt et al. (2016) delimited six species-level clades within this complex, provisionally called Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E' and 'F'. ...
In this study, two new species, Rhizoplaca adpressa, are described from Southwest China, based on their morphology, phylogeny and chemistry. In phylogeny, the two new species are monophyletic, and sister to each other within Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca-complex. Rhizo-placa adpressa is characterized by its placodioid and closely adnate thallus, pale green and heavily pruinose upper surface, narrow (ca. 1 mm) and white free margin on the lower surface of marginal squamules, the absence of a lower cortex, and its basally non-constricted apothecia with orange discs that turn reddish-brown at maturity. Rhi-zoplaca auriculata is characterized by its squamulose to placodioid thallus, yellowish green and marginally pruinose squamules, wide (1−3 mm) and bluish-black free margin on the lower surface of marginal squamules, the absence of a lower cortex, and its basally constricted apothecia with persistently orange discs. Rhizoplaca adpressa and R. auriculata share the same secondary metabolites of usnic and placodiolic acids.
... than to the R. subdiscrepans complex, an assumption that is consistent with the opinion of Cansaran et al. (2006). However, according to Zheng, Sheng & An (2007), apothecial discs and their pruinosity do not indicate proper phylogenetic relationships among Rhizoplaca species, so this issue requires further research. ...
Background
Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans (Nyl.) R. Sant., a saxicolous, placodioid lichen, is considered to have a worldwide distribution in warm-temperate to boreal-arctic areas in Asia, Europe and North America. However, recent studies have revealed that this species includes five unrecognized species-level lineages—‘subd A, B, C, D and E’. During research focused on the diversity of saxicolous lichens in mountainous areas of southern Poland, some interesting representatives of the genus Rhizoplaca were found. The main aim of our study was to determine the taxonomic status of the collected specimens by means of molecular tools and a comparative analysis of similar herbarium materials.
Methods
Detailed morphological, anatomical and chemical examinations of reference material from Asia, Europe and North and South America focused primarily on a selected group of lecanoroid taxa with a placodioid thallus. In addition, 21 new generated sequences representing Lecanora pseudomellea, Protoparmeliopsis muralis, Rhizoplaca opiniconensis, R. subdiscrepans s. lat . and R. phaedrophthalma were selected for molecular study using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS rDNA), together with 95 available GenBank sequences mainly from the genus Rhizoplaca.
Results
Polish specimens that clustered with members of a potential species-level lineage ‘subd E’ of Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans complex were recovered. Comprehensive analyses of the lichen group led us to the conclusion that lineage ‘subd E’ represents R. subdiscrepans s. str. and that the taxon appears to have a limited geographical distribution and specific habitat preferences. Furthermore, some of the recently defined species candidates within R. subdiscrepans s. lat.—‘subd D’ and ‘subd A’—should be assigned to two previously known species of Rhizoplaca , namely R. opiniconensis (Brodo) Leavitt, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch and R. phaedrophthalma (Poelt) Leavitt, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch, respectively. These two species are characterized by phenotypic features observed as well in analyzed specimens representing lineages ’subd D’ and ’subd A’. Moreover, the representatives of these lineages demonstrate some differences in occupied habitat and geographical range that also correspond with the indicated species. Additionally, it was found that Lecanora pseudomellea B.D. Ryan is a strongly supported monophyletic lineage within Rhizoplaca, and therefore an appropriate new combination for the species is proposed.
... However, the remaining species -R. haydenii, R. idahoensis, R. occulta, R. polymorpha, R. porteri, and R. shushanii -are currently known only from western North America, although R. haydenii has been reported from China (Zheng et al., 2007). ...
... However, phylogenetic inferences and species delimitation analyses for both R. chrysoleuca and R. macleanii were limited to a single genetic region, the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). While a limited number of specimens representing other Rhizoplaca species have occasionally been included in phylogenetic studies (Arup and Grube, 2000;Cansaran et al., 2006;Kondratyuk et al., 2014;Zheng et al., 2007), the potential for cryptic species-level lineages within species complexes and evolutionary relationships among species remain largely untested. Furthermore, estimating the timing of diversification of cryptic species-level level lineages can aid in identifying factors that give rise to commonly overlooked biodiversity. ...
Identifying factors that influence species interactions is central to research in symbiotic systems. While lichens represent iconic models of symbiosis and play important roles in understanding the biology of symbiotic interactions, patterns of interactions in lichen symbionts and mechanisms governing these relationships are not well characterized. This is due, in part to the fact that current taxonomic approaches for recognizing diversity in lichen symbionts commonly fail to accurately reflect actual species diversity. In this study, we employed DNA-based approaches to circumscribed candidate species-level lineages in rock-posy lichen symbionts (mycobiont = Rhizoplaca species; photobiont = Trebouxia species). Our results revealed a high degree of cryptic diversity in both the myco- and photobionts in these lichens. Using the candidate species circumscribed here, we investigated the specificity of the symbionts toward their partners and inferred the relative importance of various factors influencing symbiont interactions. Distinct mycobiont species complexes, ecozones, and biomes are significantly correlated with the occurrence of photobiont OTUs, indicating that complex interactions among mycobiont lineages, ecogeography, and microhabitat determine interactions between photobionts and their mycobionts in lichen symbiosis. One-to-one specificity between mycobiont and photobiont species was not found, with the exception of R. maheui that associated with a single Trebouxia OTU that was not found with other Rhizoplaca species. We estimated the most recent common ancestor of the core Rhizoplaca group at c. 62.5 Ma, similar in age to the diverse parmelioid core group in Parmeliaceae. However, in contrast to Parmeliaceae, species in Rhizoplaca were found to associate with a narrow range of photobionts. Our study provides important perspectives into species diversity and interactions in iconic lichen symbiotic systems and establishes a valuable framework for continuing research into rock-posy lichens.
... Considering current studies (Arup and Grube, 2000;Cansaran et al., 2006;Ryan, 2001;Zheng et al., 2007;Zhou et al., 2006), a total of 14 morphological characters were quantified from all specimens to identify potentially diagnostic characters for candidate species identified in this study, including: point of attachment (distinctly umbilicate/squamulose), thallus form (polyphyllous/monophyllous), lobe morphology (distinct/intermediate/indistinct), appearance of upper surface (dull/shiny), upper surface texture (smooth/cracked), upper surface color (light to moderately greenish yellow/olive), lower surface texture (smooth/rough), lower surface edges (black near edges/not blackened edges), lower surface color (tan/brown), apothecia morphology (sessile/basally constricted), apothecia pruinosity (heavily pruinose/moderately pruinose/not pruinose), thallus margin (entire/crenate), spore shapes (ellipsoid/subglobose), spore size (continuous character). ...
... However, a broader sample of vagrant individuals is essential to adequately addressing this question, particularly R. haydenii subsp. haydenii recently described in China (Zheng et al., 2007). Previous studies have used thin-layer-chromatography (TLC) to characterize lichen secondary metabolic products within Rhizoplaca. ...
A growing body of evidence indicates that in some cases morphology-based species circumscription of lichenized fungi misrepresents the number of existing species. The cosmopolitan "rock posy" lichen (Rhizoplaca melanophthalma) species-complex includes a number of morphologically distinct species that are both geographically and ecologically widespread, providing a model system to evaluate speciation in lichen-forming ascomycetes. In this study, we assembled multiple lines of evidence from nuclear DNA sequence data, morphology, and biochemistry for species delimitation in the R. melanophthalma species-complex. We identify a total of ten candidate species in this study, four of which were previously recognized as distinct taxa and six previously unrecognized lineages found within what has been thus far considered a single species. Candidate species are supported using inferences from multiple empirical operational criteria. Multiple instances of sympatry support the view that these lineages merit recognition as distinct taxa. Generally, we found little corroboration between morphological and chemical characters, and previously unidentified lineages were morphologically polymorphic. However, secondary metabolite data supported one cryptic saxicolous lineage, characterized by orsellinic-derived gyrophoric and lecanoric acids, which we consider to be taxonomically significant. Our study of the R. melanophthalma species-complex indicates that the genus Rhizoplaca, as presently circumscribed, is more diverse in western North American than originally perceived, and we present our analyses as a working example of species delimitation in morphologically cryptic and recently diverged lichenized fungi.
The earliest list of 67 species, 19 varieties and 17 forms of lichens for Xinjiang Province in northwestern China by Wei in 1991 was extended by Abbas in 2002 to 278 species, 3 subspecies, 15 varieties and 17 forms, and by Xahidin in 2005 to c. 398 species. The present study of the largest province in China, based on a comprehensive literature survey
supported by a study of herbarium material, lists 596 taxa composed of 580 species, 4 subspecies and 12 varieties; of the 160 lichen genera, Cladonia has the highest number of species with 40, followed by Acarospora (30), Aspicilia (24) and Peltigera (24).
The lichens are the smallest ecosystem model sharing a life cycle with combination of a fungus and at least one or two algae. The two control and facilitate the lives of lichens mutually. An attempt has been made here to provide informatıon on the basic structural and metabolic characteristics of lichens in the light of basic sources. The use of lichens from the past to the present and their importance has been highlighted together with the effects of lichen metabolites as well as their importance of the role these organisms play in the nature. Lichen systematics, revision studies on various genera, and biological effects of lichen products have also been investigated in Turkey for nearly past five decades, and these studies too have been evaluated.
