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Neighbor-joining tree showing the position of isolate Halomonas sp. PS47 to a selected number of members of the halophilic bacteria. Values are the branch lengths reflecting the actual distances between the sequences
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A newly isolated biopolymer-degrading halophilic bacterium, Halomonas sp. strain PS47, yielded higher cellulase activity (0.0076 U/ml) in mineral salt medium (MM63). Activity increased to 0.029 U/ml when carboxymethyl cellulose (0.5 % w/v) was used as carbon source and further to 0.138 U/ml when a combination of yeast extract and peptone was used a...
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... to The Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology and on the basis of 16S rRNA gene studies, strain PS47 has been identified as Halomonas sp. (Fig. 1). The ribosomal RNA gene sequence has been submitted to GenBank (ID: JQ425853). Halomonas sp. strain PS47 is a relatively novel marine ...
Citations
... In addition to their taxonomic diversities, Halomonas strains are reported to be of great application value in certain fields. Strains of the genus Halomonas were reported to be used as low-cost cell factories to produce copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate (Chen et al. 2019), polyhydroxyalkanoates (Park et al. 2023), polysaccharides (Chikkanna et al. 2018), ecotine (Coronado et al. 2000), and some enzymes including amylases, xylanases, and cellulases (Coronado et al. 2000;Shivanand et al. 2013). ...
A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, slightly curved rod-shaped bacterium with multiple flagella, designated strain EGI 63088T, was isolated from a bulk soil of Kalidium foliatum, collected from Wujiaqu in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, PR China. The optimal growth temperature, salinity, and pH for strain EGI 63088T growth were 30 °C, 3% (w/v) NaCl and 8, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain EGI 63088T showed the highest sequence similarities to Halomonas heilongjiangensis 9-2T (97.94%), H. lysinitropha 3(2)T (97.51%), and H. daqiaonensis CGMCC 1.9150T (97.08%). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between the strain EGI 63088T and H. heilongjiangensis 9-2T were 89.03 and 41.10%, respectively. The DNA G + C content of the genome for strain EGI 63088T was 66.3 mol%. The most prevalent antibiotic resistance and virulence-related genes in Halomonas genomes were Streptomyces cinnamoneu EF-Tu mutant, pilT, and cheY, respectively. The predominant fatty acids of strain EGI 63088T were summed feature 8 (C18: 1ω6c and/or C18: 1ω7c), summed feature 3 (C16: 1ω6c and/or C16: 1ω7c), and C16: 0; its major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-9 (Q-9), and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. According to the above results, strain EGI 63088T is considered a novel species of the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas flagellata sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EGI 63088T (= KCTC 92047T = CGMCC 1.19133T).
... Halomonas sp. strain PS47 has been shown to produce halostable cellulase when wheat bran was used as the carbon source in the growth medium and the enzyme exhibited activity over a wide range of NaCl concentrations (0-4 M) (Shivanand et al., 2013). ...
Extremophiles are the most fascinating life forms for their special adaptations and ability to offer unique extremozymes or bioactive molecules. Halophiles, the natural inhabitants of hypersaline environments, are one among them. Halomonas are the common genus of halophilic bacteria. To support growth in unusual environments, Halomonas produces various hydrolytic enzymes, compatible solutes, biopolymers like extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and polyhydroxy alkaloates (PHA), antibiotics, biosurfactants, pigments, etc. Many of such molecules are being produced in large-scale bioreactors for commercial use. However, the prospect of the remaining bioactive molecules with industrial relevance is far from their application. Furthermore, the genetic engineering of the respective gene clusters could open up a new path to bio-prospect these molecules by overproducing their products through heterologous expression. The present survey on Halomonas highlights their ecological diversity, application potential of the their various industrially relevant biomolecules and impact of these biomolecules on respective fields. ARTICLE HISTORY
... Alkalibacteria is a lactic acid bacteria (Lawson and Caldwell, 2014). Halomonas sp. have been found in insect gut microbiomes and have cellulolytic activity via the production of cellulase and are thus a component of the carbon cycling process in the environment (Shivanand et al., 2013;Xu et al., 2018). Halomonas has been noted to decrease nitrite and nitrate during manure composting (Zainudin et al., 2020). ...
Lesser mealworms are often found infesting production houses used to raise broiler chickens. Previous studies have investigated pathogenic microorganisms associated with the larvae, but a more thorough study relating total microbiome changes due to management procedures and flock rotations was needed. Additionally, there is a question of what microbiota are transferred into the environment when the litter, in which larvae reside, is piled in pastureland for use as fertilizer and where interactions with the soil and other fauna can occur. This study chronicled, by the 16S rRNA sequencing, the bacterial community profile of larvae in a broiler grow-out house synchronizing to when birds were added to and removed from the house over 2.5 years. The profile was found to be relatively constant despite 11 flock rotations and management disruptions, specifically litter cleanout procedures and the addition of new birds or bedding. In contrast, once removed from the controlled broiler house environment and placed into open pastureland, the substantial microbial diversity brought with the larvae showed greater fluctuation in structure with environmental conditions, one of which was rainfall. Surprisingly, these larvae survived at least 19 weeks, so the potential for moving larval-associated microbes into the environment needs further assessment to minimize the risk of relocating foodborne pathogens and also to assess those bacteria-generating metabolites that have benefits to plant growth when using the litter as a fertilizer. The characterization of their microbiome is the first step to investigating the influences of their microbes on the manmade and environmental ecosystems.
... Whilst Marinimicrobium, Pseudomonas, and Phenylobacterium were involved in the cellulose degradation in the Texcoco amended soils. Members of Halomonas can degrade lignocellulose (e.g., wheat straw) [76], and it is a source of lignocellulolytic haloenzymes [77]; it has also been found in alkaline-saline environments, including the Texcoco soil [78,79]. Methylobacterium is a methylotroph group participating in methane and methanol oxidation [80], as well as in the lignin degradation [81] and Corallococcus member has previously been found in saline-alkaline soils [82]. ...
We studied three soils of the former lake Texcoco with different electrolytic conductivity (1.9 dS m−1, 17.3 dS m−1, and 33.4 dS m−1) and pH (9.3, 10.4, and 10.3) amended with young maize plants and their neutral detergent fibre (NDF) fraction and aerobically incubated in the laboratory for 14 days while the soil bacterial community structure was monitored by means of 454-pyrosequencing of their 16S rRNA marker gene. We identified specific bacterial groups that showed adaptability to soil salinity, i.e., Prauseria in soil amended with young maize plants and Marinobacter in soil amended with NDF. An increase in soil salinity (17.3 dS m−1, 33.4 dS m−1) showed more bacterial genera enriched than soil with low salinity (1.9 dS m−1). Functional prediction showed that members of Alfa-, Gamma-, and Deltaproteobacteria, which are known to adapt to extreme conditions, such as salinity and low nutrient soil content, were involved in the lignocellulose degradation, e.g., Marinimicrobium and Pseudomonas as cellulose degraders, and Halomonas and Methylobacterium as lignin degraders. This research showed that the taxonomic annotation and their functional prediction both highlighted keystone bacterial groups with the ability to degrade complex C-compounds, such as lignin and (hemi)cellulose, in the extreme saline-alkaline soil of the former Lake of Texcoco
... have been reported to accumulate intracellular inclusion body, typically, PHB, one of the members of biodegradable polyesters, PHAs [50][51][52][53]. Moreover, increasing interests on biosurfactants, bioemulsifiers, some proteins from Halomonas [54][55][56][57][58][59], have turned Halomonas spp. into platforms for diverse bioproductions (Figure 1). ...
... has attracted growing attention for enhanced production of PHA, ectoine and their derived products, levan, exopolymers and so on ( Figure 1 and Table 1) [29,85]. A lot of studies have been devoted to produce diverse PHA, including PHB [27,50,86], copolyester of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) [83], copolyester of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate (P34HB) [71] from glucose, sucrose [57] and waste gluconate [28]. Halomonas boliviensis [46,50], Halomonas campaniensis [52] and H. bluephagenesis [28] performed well in PHA accumulation. ...
With the rapid development of systems and synthetic biology, the non-model bacteria, Halomonas spp., have been developed recently to become a cost-competitive platform for producing a variety of products including polyesters, chemicals and proteins owing to their contamination resistance and ability of high cell density growth at alkaline pH and high salt concentration. These salt-loving microbes can partially solve the challenges of current industrial biotechnology (CIB) which requires high energy-consuming sterilization to prevent contamination as CIB is based on traditional chassis, typically, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida and Corynebacterium glutamicum. The advantages and current status of Halomonas spp. including their molecular biology and metabolic engineering approaches as well as their applications are reviewed here. Moreover, a systematic strain engineering streamline, including product-based host development, genetic parts mining, static and dynamic optimization of modularized pathways and bioprocess-inspired cell engineering are summarized. All of these developments result in the term called next-generation industrial biotechnology (NGIB). Increasing efforts are made to develop their versatile cell factories powered by synthetic biology to demonstrate a new biomanufacturing strategy under open and continuous processes with significant cost-reduction on process complexity, energy, substrates and fresh water consumption.
... Therefore lingocellulosic waste material acts as a cheaper carbon source for cellulase production. The utilization of economically cheap lignocellulosic wastes for cellulase production could be a valuable approach in solid waste management.Literature account for various conventional and novel lignocellulosic waste as a substrate for cellulase production such as Eicchornia crassipes [124] wheat straw [50,[125][126][127], wheat bran [70,71,88,128,129] bagasse [59,81,95,98,130,131] rice straw [94] HCl treated rice straw [132], straw substrate [133], rice husk [86], rice bran [84,134], rice waste biomass(RWB) [92], corn syrup liquor (CSL) with native sugar cane baggase pith [66], steam pretreated willow [54] banana fruit stalk and its agro waste [47,79],orange peel [82,135] waste paper hydrolysate [136], waste office paper [137], pulp and paper industry primary sludge [138], cellulase treated waste milk pack [139], Mixture of waste surgical cotton and waste cardboard [140], coconut coir pith [141], coconut mesocarp [55], copra meal [73], corn stover [89]. Palm tree compound and fond leaves [53,99,100], oil palm empty fruit bunch(OPEFB) [142][143][144] oil palm decanter cake(OPDC) [60], oil palm trunk [72], palm kernel cake (PKC) [145,146], soya bean hull [69], castor bean meal [147], distillery spent wash [75], brewers spent grain [68], medicinal plant waste [96], horticulture waste [148], pea peel, pod and hull wastes [58,77,149], kallar grass [57], grass powder [150], corn fiber fraction [151] corn cob residue [152,153], potato peel residue [154], ground nut husk [155], sorghum biomass [156], tobacco waste [157], (APFEB) [93],sewage sludge [158], dairy manure [159,160] whole wheat flour [161] corn fiber [162],OCC (Old corrugated card board) [83,163] water hyacinth biomass [164][165][166] etc. Carnauba (Copernicia prunifera) straw residue was utilized as a carbon source for production of cellulolytic enzymes by Trichorderma reesei CCT-2768 by solid state fermentation [167]. ...
... Aspergillus terreus AV 49 and Bacillus velezensis ASN1 perform well at pH 4.0 and 4.72 respectively [102,137], whereas Trichoderma asperellum UPM-1, Trichoderma sp.414 and Penicillium decumbans entail pH 4.5 for enhanced cellulase production [61,85,162]. On the other hand Micromonospora sp, Halomonas sp PS47 and Bacillus subtilis IND19 are most effective at pH 7.2, 7.5 and 8.41 respectively [94,129,188], while Bacillus halodurance IND18 and Trichoderma viridae grow well at pH 8.0 [45,80]. The most effective pH for cellulase production is illustrated in Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4. ...
The most promising way to achieve the smooth, flexible and sustainable bioeconomy is the utilization of renewable lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock for the production of fuels, chemicals, enzymes and high-valued products. Cellulolytic enzymes are indispensable for the maintenance of global carbon cycle, since they catalyze the degradation of cellulose. Therefore for solving the forthcoming waste management and energy issues of mankind, cellulase production technology plays significant and vital role. Cellulases are industrial enzymes and have extensive application in various process industries. Its relatively high cost of production has hindered the wider industrial application. Significant cost reduction is required to enhance the commercial viability of cellulase production technology. Utilization of novel and cheap lignocellulosic renewable resources as substrate for enzyme fermentation process is a promising way of efficient and low cost cellulases production. The present paper reveals, a review on cellulase production through various microorganisms employing economical, abundantly available renewable lignocellulosic biomass as carbon source. It also deals with the recent approaches used at microbial as well as feedstock level, making more efficient, flexible and cost effective fermentation process.
Graphic Abstract
... Textile processing, bioethanol production, textile, laundry and food industries Wang et al., 2009, Shivanand et al., 2013 insufficient pressure and temperature. Motility is the main factor which was affected at low pressure; in flagella, the motor is tightly coupled and depends on proton power, but when organisms are affected by low pressure, protonation and deprotonation occurs, so the cell decreases movement for survival. ...
Extreme environments are also considered as highly fluctuating in physical conditions like temperature, pH, pressure, nutrient availability, radiation, salinity, etc. However, several microorganisms both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, are known to survive these conditions and such organisms are called as extremophiles. For the adaptation in extreme environments, many organisms have developed unique characteristics. These adaptive strategies are considerably important in various significant biotechnological applications. This chapter discusses different types of extremophile and their adaptations. It includes hyperthermophile, thermophile, mesophile, psychrophile, acidophile, alkalophile, halophile, barophile, radiophile, xerophile, capnophile, and oligotrophile. Thus, overall, the marine environment can be defined as a highly potent source for extremophile prospection and subsequent biotechnological applications. In particular, the newer developments in molecular techniques will help enhance the extremophile data consisting of unique metabolic and genetic capabilities.
... Furthermore, strain C22 is not pathogenic or recombinant, and, therefore, not subject to strict regulations. Although pyruvate production by strain C22 is less than that reported previously by Kawata et al. (2016), culture conditions can be optimized in future studies to improve contents of this compound (Shivanand et al. 2013). Springer Nature journal content, brought to you courtesy of Springer Nature Customer Service Center GmbH ("Springer Nature"). ...
Halophilic bacteria are receiving increasing attention for industrial chemical production processes due to their unique properties. Herein, an alkaliphilic and halophilic bacterium was isolated from a commercial Spirulina culture at Nghe An province in Vietnam and found to secrete pyruvate. Pyruvate is widely used as a starting material in the industrial biosynthesis of pharmaceuticals, and is employed for production of crop protection agents, polymers, cosmetics, and food additives. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization, and the 16S rRNA gene sequence homology with Halomonas hydrothermalis strain DSM 15,725 (99.2%) predicted that the strain belongs to the Halomonas genus, thus we named this strain as H. hydrothermalis strain C22. We investigated the biocharacteristics and capacity of strain C22 and determined the draft genome sequence comprising 3,934,166 bp with a G + C content of 60.2% encoding 3,668 proteins, 58 tRNAs, 9 rRNAs, and 1 tmRNA. Maximal pyruvate secretion reached 51.1 g/l after 84 h of cultivation. The results will facilitate future studies on the genetic and metabolic diversity of halophilic bacteria and expand our understanding of important bioprocesses in this microorganism.
... They are of great environmental importance and are often used in biotechnological processes. For example, representatives of genus Halomonas can produce the biotechnologically important enzymes, including amylases [23], cellulases [40], endoglucanases [28], isocitrate dehydrogenases [49], alanine dehydrogenases [47], and nucleoside diphosphate kinases [53]. Representatives of genus Planococcus are halotolerant bacteria and inhabit the rhizosphere of halophytic plants and favoring their growth [48]. ...
... Они имеют важное экологическое значение и, кроме того, нередко используются в биотехнологических процессах. Например, у представителей рода Halomonas выявлена способность продуцировать биотехнологически значимые ферменты, в частности, амилазы, [23] целлюлазы [40], эндоглюканазы [28], изоцитратдегидрогеназы [49], аланиндегидрогеназы [47], нуклеозид дифосфаткиназы [53]. Представители рода Planococcus являются галотолерантными бактериями и обитают в ризосфере галофитных растений, способствуя улучшению их роста [48]. ...
