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Nectria dematiosa (CFCC 53585) A–B habit of conidiomata on branches C transverse section of conidioma D longitudinal section of conidioma E conidiophores F–G conidia. Scale bars: 1 mm (A–C); 500 μm (D); 10 μm (E–G).
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To clarify phylogenetic relationships amongst Nectria, Neothyronectria and Thyronectria in Nectriaceae, we examined detailed morphological characters and performed phylogenetic analyses of a concatenated data-set, based on the ITS, LSU, tef1 and tub2 DNA sequences of fungal specimens in China. Four species of nectria-related fungi were identified,...
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Our previous research has shown that a fungal immunomodulatory protein from Nectria haematococca (FIP-nha) possesses a wide spectrum of anti-tumor activities, and FIP-nha induced A549 apoptosis by negatively regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway based on comparative quantitative proteomics. This study further confirmed that the anti-lung cancer...
Citations
... Known distribution: North and south temperate regions, subtropical regions of Asia, the Caribbean region, Central and South America (Crous et al. 2016a;Jaklisch and Voglmayr 2014;Yang et al. 2019). ...
... Crous et al. (2016a) established Neothyronectria to accommodate single pycnidial species Neothyronectria sophorae, and it was assigned in Hypocreales, Incertae sedis based on LSU phylogeny. Later Yang et al. (2019) introduced another species, which had sexual morph characters allied to Allantonectria and Thyronectria. Neothyronectria Germinating conidium m, n Colony on MEA. ...
... Neothyronectria Germinating conidium m, n Colony on MEA. Scale bars: b = 1 mm, c = 500 µm, d-l = 50 µm has been accepted in Nectriaceae based on multigene phylogeny (Yang et al. 2019) and this was followed by subsequent authors Wijayawardene et al. 2020Wijayawardene et al. , 2022. However, Voglmayr et al. (2022) synonymised Neothyronectria under Thyronectria based on phylogenetic analysis. ...
This paper provides outlines for Bionectriaceae, Calcarisporiaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae, Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae, Stromatonectriaceae and Xanthonectriaceae with taxonomic treatments. We provide up-to-date DNA sequence-based phylogenies including combined gene analysis of ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 for Hypocreales and accept 17 families. Three new families and 12 new species are introduced with descriptions and illustrations, while 13 new records and one new species combination are provided. Here we mainly detail the taxonomy of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae and Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae fam. nov., Stromatonectriaceae fam. nov. and Xanthonectriaceae fam. nov. are introduced in this study based on phenotypic and molecular analyses. For each family we provide a list of accepted genera, the taxonomic history, morphological descriptions, taxonomic placement based on DNA sequence data and illustrate the type genus. Representatives of each family are illustrated based on the type herbarium material or fresh specimens where available, or provide relevant references. Notes on ecological and economic importance of the families are also given.
... Among these, Venturia is a destructive plant pathogen that can result in scab diseases (Bock et al., 2018), and Chalara and Mycena cause ash dieback (Tsouvalis, 2019) and coffee leaf spots (Avelino et al., 2007), respectively. Nectria has been detected in the decayed roots of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies (Menkis et al., 2006) and causes woody plant dieback and canker disease (Yang et al., 2019). The enrichment of specific functional guilds in plant roots during secondary succession may have important influences on plant health and the process of secondary succession, and more specific studies should be conducted in the future. ...
In this study, we provide fungal community structure analysis of three contrasting sites in secondary succession, and try to identify variables that shape fungal community composition. Soil and roots were sampled from three sites representing a secondary succession from grassland, to shrubland to forest. We analyzed the fungal community and potential ecological functions based on high-throughput sequencing and the FUNGuild database. Fungal α-diversity in the nonrhizosphere and bulk soils of the secondary forest was significantly higher than that in the grassland, while the opposite result was observed in roots, and no significant difference was found in fungal α-diversity in the rhizosphere soil. Fungal β-diversity in the soils and roots varied significantly with succession. FUNGuild data show that the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and dung saprotroph decreased with succession; ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, ericoid mycorrhizal and fungal parasite increased with succession; undefined saprotrophs and plant pathogens showed no significant difference during succession. Total phosphorus, available phosphorus and soil nitrogen: phosphorus ratio were the main factors determining fungal β-diversity and fungal functional guilds. Interestingly, the roots of the dominant plants at three succession stages enriched plant pathogens Gibberella, Exserohilum and Venturia, respectively. In conclusion, our result revealed differential change trends in fungal α-diversity and fungal β-diversity in the soils and roots among three succession stages. Moreover, the fungal functional guilds (i.e., ECM, AM, plant pathogen) also showed significant changes during succession. These results could enhance understanding of the mechanism of secondary succession in the subalpine region.
This paper elaborates the advances made in the study of morphology, phylogeny, host association and geography of novel and interesting fungi in China and Thailand. We documented saprobic microfungi from dead twigs of different plant hosts from Annonaceae (Anomianthus dulcis, Cananga odorata and Desmos chinensis), Apocynaceae (Alstonia scholaris) and Magnoliaceae (Magnolia champaca, M. garrettii and M. liliifera) in Yunnan Province, China and northern Thailand. Descriptions, illustrations and discussions on the familial placement of taxa are given based on phylogeny and morphological data. One new genus Muriformispora in Neohendersoniaceae (Dothideomycetes) and twelve new species, Acrocalymma magnoliae, Diaporthe chiangmaiensis, Fuscostagonospora magnoliae, Gyrothrix anomianthi, Hermatomyces anomianthi, Muriformispora magnoliae, Neomassaria alstoniae, N. thailandica, Neoroussoella thailandica, Peroneutypa anomianthi, Pseudochaetosphaeronema magnoliae and Torula canangae are introduced. An amended account of Hermatomyces is provided to include the sexual morph of the genus. New host records or new country records are provided for Acrocalymma pterocarpi, A. walkeri, Amphisphaeria micheliae, Angustimassarina populi, Aurantiascoma minimum, Diaporthe musigena, D. pterocarpi, Eutypella citricola, Gyrothrix oleae, Hermatomyces sphaericus, Lasiodiplodia crassispora, L. exigua, L. ponkanicola, L. pseudotheobromae, L. thailandica, L. theobromae, Magnibotryascoma kunmingense, Memnoniella ellipsoidea, Melomastia clematidis, M. thamplaensis, Neoroussoella entadae, Nectria pseudotrichia, Nigrograna thymi, Periconia byssoides, P. pseudobyssoides, Phaeosphaeria sinensis, Pseudopithomyces chartarum, Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae, Rhytidhysteron neorufulum, Setoapiospora thailandica and Xenoroussoella triseptata.
The new species Thyronectria ulmi is described from Ulmus laevis and U. minor collected in Austria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It is morphologically and phylogenetically close to the North American T. chrysogramma , which also occurs on Ulmus and shares olive green to brown muriform ascospores, but differs from the latter by geographic distribution, narrower asci, smaller ascospores with fewer septa and DNA sequence data from seven loci (ITS and LSU regions of nu rDNA, ACT1 , RPB1 , RPB2 , TEF1 and TUB2 genes). As in many other Thyronectria species, ascomata of T. ulmi were closely associated with Diplodia , indicating a fungicolous habit. The genus Neothyronectria is synonymised with Thyronectria based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic data, and the new combinations T. citri and T. sophorae are proposed. A key to 45 accepted species of Thyronectria is provided. The recently described T. abieticola , previously known from the Czech Republic and France, is newly reported from Austria and Slovakia; its pycnidial anamorph is recorded, described and illustrated from natural substrates for the first time. A sporodochial anamorph is reported from natural substrates for T. aurigera , a new record for Austria as well. New host and distribution records include T. rhodochlora on Acer pseudoplatanus in Austria and Fraxinus excelsior in the Czech Republic, T. sinopica on Hedera colchica in the Czech Republic and Bupleurum fruticosum in Spain, and T. zanthoxyli on Sorbus aucuparia in Belgium and Ulmus sp. in the USA. Thyronectria cucurbitula is confirmed by sequence data from Pinus strobus collected in the Czech Republic, challenging the host ranges given for T. cucurbitula ( Pinus subgen. Pinus ) and T. strobi ( Pinus subgen. Strobus ), and questioning the European and Chinese records of T. strobi .
Pleosporales is the largest order in the class Dothideomycetes, comprising a quarter of all species of Dothideomycetes. This paper provides comprehensive illustrations and descriptions of newly collected saprobic pleosporalean taxa from dicotyledons and grasses in China, Italy, Russia and Thailand. These species are accommodated in 8 families in Pleosporales. The taxa described here include 14 new species, a new geographical record and three new host records of known species. New species are Alternaria rumicis, Bambusicola ficuum, Comoclathris flammulae, C. europaeae, C. lonicerae, Ophiobolus lathyri, Paraophiobolus torilicola, Parastagonospora dactylidicola, P. hieracioidis, Pseudopaucispora hyalinospora, Stagonospora poaceicola, Stemphylium artemisiae and Subplenodomus meldolanus. All species descriptions presented herein are based on morphological comparisons coupled with multi-gene phylogenetic analyses.
