Figure 2 - uploaded by Ayman Khamis Elsayed
Content may be subject to copyright.
Neanastatus misirensis n. sp. Male. a. body, in dorsal view; b. antenna. Scale bar for a= 0.5 mm; for b = 0.25 mm.
Source publication
Parasitoids complex in summer populations of Asphondylia punica Marchal, (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on the Mediterranean Saltbush, Atriplex halimus L. (Chenopodiaceae) in Egypt was studied. The hymenopterous parasitoids are: Eupelmidae: Neanastatus misirensis n. sp.; Eulophidae: Kolopterna aymani Doğanlar, 2013, Aprostocetus alexandrianensis n. sp.,...
Similar publications
The Cecidomyiidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) fauna of Egypt is poorly known. Investigations in northern Egypt in 2013 revealed the presence of seven species of gall midges on three host plant species: Atriplex halimus L., Arthrocnemum mac-rostachyum (Moric.) and Suaeda pruniosa Lange (all Chenopodiaceae). Among the gall midges, Baldratia salicorniae...
Citations
Parasitic hymenopterans are most predominant among arthropod community members centered upon gall inducers and their host plants. They frequently play an important role as biotic mortality factors operating on gall midge populations. To evaluate their impact on gall midges, this Chapter treats necessary information as to their taxonomic status and various behavioral and ecological traits such as parasitic strategiesParasitic strategies, host ranges, and interaction with host gall midges. We also emphasize necessity of expressing the abundance of parasitoids as population numbers instead of percentage parasitism.
Different gall inducers belonging to distinct insect orders are rarely known to induce similarly shaped galls on the same host plant organs. We report that Asphondylia tojoi Elsayed & Tokuda sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and Ceratoneura sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) induce galls on leaf buds of Schoepfia jasminodora Sieb. et Zucc. (Schoepfiaceae). We describe the gall midge species as new to science and report a phylogenetic analysis for known Japanese Asphondylia species. We also describe life histories of the two species, based on monthly surveys during 2015–2017: although both species are multivoltine, A. tojoi overwinters as first instars in galls, whereas Ceratoneura sp. possibly does so as adults outside the galls. In addition, the internal structure of galls differed between the two species. Galls containing A. tojoi consist of a single chamber with inner walls clearly covered with whitish fungal mycelia after the gall midges develop into second instars. Those containing the Ceratoneura sp. have multiple chambers with hard black inner walls. Although some eulophids are known to be inquilines of galls induced by Asphondylia species, we consider that the Ceratoneura sp. is probably a true gall inducer because of the different gall structure and absence of fungal mycelia in their galls. This is the first report detailing the annual life history of a Ceratoneura species. Asphondylia tojoi represents the first example of monophagous Asphondylia species with a multivoltine life history on a deciduous tree.
The known gall midge fauna of Egypt is composed of 48 species belonging to 22 genera. The two most species rich genera are Baldratia Kieffer, 1897, and Dasineura Rondani, 1840, each with six species. Most species are phytophagous and cause galls on various host plants; but Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani, 1847), Diadiplosis donaldi (Harris, 1968), D. hirticornis Felt, 1915, Dicrodiplosis manihoti Harris, 1981 and Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot, 1827) are zoophagous; and Asynapta phragmitis Giraud, 1863, Mycodiplosis coniophaga (Winnertz, 1853) and M. triticina (Barnes, 1936) are mycophagous. Phytophagous species are associated with 37 plant species which belong to ten plant families; 16 species are associated with Chenopodiaceae and six with Tamaricaceae. Usually only one species of gall midges is associated with each host plant species but Atriplex halimus (Chenopodiaceae) hosts four species: Asphondylia punica Marchal, 1897 (= A. conglomerata De Stefani, 1900), Primofavilla aegyptiaca Elsayed, 2014, Stefaniella trinacriae De Stefani, 1900, and S. skuhravae Elsayed, 2014; Anabasis setifera (Chenopodiaceae) two species: Baldratia aegyptiaca Möhn, 1969 and B. desertorum Möhn, 1969; Phragmites australis (Poaceae) two species: Giraudiella inclusa (Frauenfeld, 1862) and Asynapta phragmitis Giraud, 1863; Traganum nudatum (Chenopodiaceae) two species: Baldratia tragani Möhn, 1969 and Stefaniola ventriosa Möhn, 1971; Tamarix spp. (Tamaricaceae) host six species of gall midges. Zoogeographical analysis: most species (75%) are Mediterranean, 10.5% Euro-Asian, 6.2% Holarctic or cosmopolitan, 4.1% Afro-Asian and 4.1% Afrotropical. More than one third (20 species, 41.6%) were found only in Egypt and are restricted to this region on the basis of recent knowledge. Common (shared) species occurring in North African countries indicate their similarity in faunal composition: 9 species are recorded from Egypt and Algeria, and Egypt and Tunisia; 8 species from Egypt and Morocco; 7 from Egypt and Libya. Three species occur in all five North African countries: Baldratia salicorniae Kieffer, 1897, causing galls on Arthrocnemum fruticosum, Psectrosema tamaricum (Kieffer, 1912) swellings on Tamarix africana and T. gallica L. and Rhopalomyia navasi Tavares, 1904 on Artemisia herba-alba and A. judaica. Thirteen species were recorded in Northern Egypt near Alexandria during investigations in the years 2012–2014. Eight species are gall causers associated with various host plants and five species are predators feeding on various arthropods. Three species are new to science, and are described in a separate paper; seven species are recorded in Egypt for the first time; Stefaniella trinacriae De Stefani, 1900 and Schizomyia buboniae (Frauenfeld, 1859) are newly recorded after more than 100 years since their first discovery in Egypt. Drawings and photos of several galls on host plants and recommendations for future research of the family Cecidomyiidae in Egypt are given. Lestodiplosis tamaricis (Kollar, 1858), new combination; larvae are zoophagous in galls caused by Cirriphora pharaonana (Kollar, 1858) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
