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Natural products isolated from T. officinale
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Phytoalimurgy is a term that derives from Greek and Latin by combination of the words φυτόν, which meaning plant, and alimenta urgentia, indicating foods available in case of urgency and necessity. Nowadays, the lack of products from agriculture is fortunately no longer a problem, however, the interest in using the phytoalimurgic plants has increas...
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This preliminary study provides the traditional consumption of wild vegetables that mostly grow as weeds (>50%) and that are also medicinally important in the rural communities of Sargodha region, Pakistan. Through different surveys and interviews with key informants, data on perception, gathering, preparation and use of 40 wild vegetables belongin...
Citations
... Taraxacum officinale Weber, commonly known as dandelion, is a popular plant in herbal medicine belonging to the family Asteraceae. The name Taraxacum is derived from two Greek words, 'taraxos' (disorder) and 'akos' (remedy or curative), and the term officinale describes the medicinal properties of the plant [18,19] . It is a perennial herb with a milky latex, growing up to 40-60 cm tall in a rosette form against the ground [19]. ...
Objectives
This review analyzed available literature on traditional/ethnomedicinal knowledge, phytochemical composition, anticancer activity reported in vitro and in vivo studies, and the toxicological activity of Taraxacum officinale. The aim is to provide an in-depth analysis of existing research on the anticancer potential of T. officinale.
Key findings
The data was extracted using four search engines, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Pubmed, and systematically analyzed to identify effective plant-based substances for cancer treatment. The different parts of the plant are the source of different bioactive compounds that exhibit several pharmacological activities like antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, anticancer, analgesic, etc. Traditionally, it is used to treat various ailments such as migraines, cardiac complaints, jaundice, fever, liver and kidney disorders, and hepatitis. Different biologically active compounds isolated from T. officinale are widely investigated against various pharmacological activities, including cancer.
Summary
The available evidence on the bioactive potential of Taraxacum officinale provides direction for identifying and developing herbal agents to prevent different types of cancers in the future. However, there is a need to examine the clinical validation of pure compounds for drug development.
... Recently, the antioxidant activity of dandelion has attracted considerable attention. The plant is rich in antioxidant components, including polyphenols and flavonoids, making it a promising natural source for the development of antioxidants [9,10]. Despite the recognition of their health benefits and potential as a reservoir of antioxidant compounds, conventional methodologies to evaluate the antioxidant activity in dandelion are significantly resource-intensive and inefficient in terms of time. ...
Utilizing online gradient pressure liquid extraction (OGPLE) coupled with a high-performance liquid chromatography antioxidant analysis system, we examined the antioxidative active components present in both the aerial parts and roots of dandelion. By optimizing the chromatographic conditions, we identified the ferric reducing–antioxidant power system as the most suitable for online antioxidant reactions in dandelion. Compared to offline ultrasonic extraction, the OGPLE method demonstrated superior efficiency in extracting chemical components with varying polarities from the samples. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed twelve compounds within the dandelion samples, with nine demonstrating considerable antioxidant efficacy. Of these, the aerial parts and roots of dandelion contained nine and four antioxidant constituents, respectively. Additionally, molecular docking studies were carried out to investigate the interaction between these nine antioxidants and four proteins associated with oxidative stress (glutathione peroxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase, and xanthine oxidase). The nine antioxidant compounds displayed notable binding affinities below −5.0 kcal/mol with the selected proteins, suggesting potential receptor–ligand interactions. These findings contribute to enhancing our understanding of dandelion and provide a comprehensive methodology for screening the natural antioxidant components from herbs.
... Even though clinical studies have begun, there is still more work to be done before there are international evidence-based standards for the use of herbal treatments. A meticulously planned and controlled research endeavor in which human subjects are administered medicine or another intervention with the overall aim of ascertaining safety or efficacy is called a "clinical trial" [66]. A clinical research project cannot start unless the relevant Health Authority or Ethics Committee has obtained the requisite permission for the study's design and objectives and suitable preclinical data on the intervention have been gathered [67]. ...
... These days, there is a lot of discussion about the preventive qualities of antioxidants, which may be found in fruits and vegetables, against obesity and cardiovascular disease. Catechins, particularly EGCG, found in green tea are a natural source of antioxidants [66]. This class of flavonoids inhibits the expression of oxidative stress and platelet aggregation. ...
Comprehensive and effective care techniques have become essential due to the global epidemic dimensions of metabolic disorders, including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular ailments. Recent research highlights the potential of dietary supplements, herbal extracts, and phytochemicals in treating metabolic diseases. This abstract conveys the current state of the science in this field by highlighting these findings' underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications. Plant-based diets contain naturally occurring bioactive molecules termed phytochemicals, which have shown promise in treating various metabolic illnesses. Examples include curcumin, flavonoids, and polyphenols' insulin-sensitizing, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory properties. Herbal extracts, derived from ancient medicinal herbs, have been used by people for years to treat a wide range of ailments. Recent studies have shown the efficacy of these strategies in improving lipid profiles, glucose metabolism, and overall cardiovascular health. Omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals are just a few of the numerous nutritional supplements that are critical to metabolic health. These vitamins improve insulin sensitivity, regulate blood sugar, and decrease inflammation. Probiotics and prebiotics also affect the gut flora, which significantly affects metabolic function. These natural medicines' ability to treat metabolic diseases either by themselves or in combination with conventional medical interventions. However, when using it therapeutically, one must consider the differences in doses, individual responses, and bioavailability. The article concludes that phytochemicals, plant extracts, and food supplements offer a promising avenue for the management of metabolic illnesses. Comprehensive research, including clinical studies, is needed to ascertain their safety and efficacy characteristics. When added to treatment strategies, these natural therapies could be helpful supplements that improve overall health and the quality of life among individuals with metabolic diseases. Naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, can potentially prevent kidney injury in hyperuricemia by reducing uric acid, inflammation, apoptosis, DNA damage, and activating antioxidants. Further research and professional consultation are essential. Factors contributing to metabolic diseases, current approaches to management nutritional approaches for managing obesityassociated metabolic impairments in the liver and small intestine, and nutritional approaches for managing obesity-associated metabolic dysregulation are also explained briefly.
... Maize mosaic virus is caused by Peregrinus maidis insect (2), its hosts, Convolvulus arvensis L. and Cynodon dactylon L. are common weeds of maize. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., family: Asteraceae) contains many phytohormones (24) and antioxidants, flavonoids, phenolic acids, trace elements, alkaloids and steroids (45). In sunflower amount of chemicals is more in leaves followed by roots and stem respectively. ...
We evaluated the effects of Taraxacum officinale L. and Ricinus communis L. on growth and physiology of sunflower and maize plants. Seeds of sunflower (cv Parson 3) and maize (cv TP 1217) were surface sterilized and soaked in 0.3 % and 0.5 % aqueous extracts of T. officinale L. and R. communis L. prior to sowing, plants were grown in pots under natural conditions. Fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein, proline, phenols and flavonoids and phytohormones contents in leaves of sunflower and maize were determined. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD) and defense related enzymes viz. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were also recorded in leaves of maize and sunflower at vegetative phase. Phytohormones indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were detected in T. officinale L. and R. communis L. Extract of T. officinale L. and R. communis L. significantly enhanced the shoot biomass in maize and sunflower as compared to control. Proline, phenolics, flavonoids, protein, chlorophyll, carotenoids and terpenoids content of fresh leaves were enhanced in all the treatments as compared to control. Activities of PAL, SOD, PPO and POD were also enhanced. Among all the treatments 0.3 % aqueous extract of T. officinale L. and 0.5 % aqueous extract of R. communis L. were more effective in sunflower and maize plants. The extracts of T. officinale L. and R. communis L. may be implicated to improve the growth and defensive system of maize and sunflower and induce tolerance to stresses by augmenting osmoregulation and enhancing the antioxidant and defense related enzymes.
... Therefore, nutritional approaches that support immune system development and mitigate the negative effects on growth performance, while also combating infection, are promising. Phytogenic feed additives are, next to probiotics, the most frequently tested alternatives to standard programs against coccidiosis [16][17][18][19][20]57]. T. officinale could be considered a medicinal plant due to its rich content of bioactive substances, which have demonstrated broad pharmacological properties in both in vitro and in vivo studies [21][22][23]. Although this plant is widespread and grows in various soil conditions, being found on every continent except Antarctica [22], its use in poultry nutrition in Poland and the EU is still not very common. ...
... Phytogenic feed additives are, next to probiotics, the most frequently tested alternatives to standard programs against coccidiosis [16][17][18][19][20]57]. T. officinale could be considered a medicinal plant due to its rich content of bioactive substances, which have demonstrated broad pharmacological properties in both in vitro and in vivo studies [21][22][23]. Although this plant is widespread and grows in various soil conditions, being found on every continent except Antarctica [22], its use in poultry nutrition in Poland and the EU is still not very common. To our knowledge, the effectiveness of DE has not yet been tested as part of a coccidiosis control measure in broilers, with the exception of a study in chickens infected with E. tenella where dandelion was part of herbal powder "Shi Ying Zi" consisting of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss, Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz., and sodium chloride [58]. ...
A total of 160 Ross 308 male chickens were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design to examine the effects of anticoccidial vaccination (ACV; lack or 1× dose recommended by the manufacturer) and dietary supplementation with Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) extract (DE; with or without) on growth performance, immunity, biochemical parameters, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria spp. At 20 days of age, all birds were challenged with a 25× dose of ACV, including Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima, E. mitis, and E. tenella. No interaction between ACV and DE was observed in terms of growth performance. Vaccinated birds showed increased feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the 11–20 day period. Meanwhile, DE supplementation led to decreased FI and body weight gain (BWG) during the 1–10 day period. ACV effectively induced immunity against Eimeria, as evidenced by reduced oocyst shedding and less intestinal lesions, decreased levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6, and improved BWG during both the post infection (PI) period (21–35 days) and the entire growth period. DE supplementation lowered FCR and increased BWG during the 35–42 day period, increased the concentration of butyric acid in the cecal digesta, and lowered oocyst shedding PI. In vaccinated birds, DE elevated levels of plasma total protein and immunoglobulin M, and influenced tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and claudin-3, indicating a more robust epithelial barrier. DE also lowered alanine aminotransferase activity in unvaccinated birds. Both ACV and DE independently improved intestinal morphology in the jejunum, decreasing crypt depth and increasing the villus height-to-crypt ratio. These findings suggest that both ACV and DE could be effective strategies for managing coccidiosis in broiler chickens.
... Oxidative stress is considered as one of the key factors related to human pathological processes, such as diabetes, chronic inflammation, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases [1,2]. The abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under oxidative stress leads to damage to cellular macromolecules, including protein modification, lipid oxidation, and DNA damage, which further causes the derangement of cellular functions and accelerates the occurrence of diseases [3]. ...
Dandelion has received wide attention in food and medicine fields due to its excellent antioxidant properties. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanism of this action has not yet been fully clarified, particularly at the metabolic level. Herein, the effects of dandelion extract (DE) on H2O2-induced oxidative damage was investigated. The results indicate that the DE alleviated H2O2-induced cell damage (increased by 14.5% compared to H2O2 group), reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (decreased by 80.1% compared to H2O2 group), maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) level, and increased antioxidant-related enzyme activities. Importantly, the metabolic response of PC12 cells indicates that H2O2 disturbed phospholipid metabolism and damaged cell membrane integrity. In addition, energy metabolism, the central nervous system, and the antioxidant-related metabolism pathway were perturbed. In contrast, DE rescued the H2O2-induced metabolic disorder and further alleviated oxidative damage. Collectively, these findings provide valuable stepping stones for a discussion of the mechanism and show the promise of DE as a suitable additive for functional food products.
... Therapeutic indications listed in the German Commission E and European Scientific Cooperative for Phytotherapy (ESCOP, 2003) monographs are restoration of hepatic and biliary function, dyspepsia, loss of appetite, and as a supportive measure to treatments where enhanced urinary secretion is desirable, e.g., rheumatism and the prevention of renal gravel [7,24]. Previous phytochemical investigations have shown that Taraxacum species contain sesquiterpene lactones, triterpenes, phytosterols, flavonoids, lignans, coumarins, phenolic acids, beta-carboline alkaloids, indole alkaloids and carotenoids [3,6,8,9]. Pharmacological studies have shown that Taraxacum species have several activities because of their secondary metabolites. Plants high in luteolin (a flavonoid) have been used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat cancer, inflammatory problems, allergies and hypertension. ...
... Therefore, in the last decades, the focus has been on elucidating such pharmacologically important compounds in Taraxacum plants [3,25]. This permits the inclusion of dandelion into the true "medicinal plant" due to its potential as a commercial source of various pharmacologically interesting compounds [9]. ...
A phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Taraxacum gracilens Dahlst. (Asteraceae) yielded two coumarins (esculetin (1) and cichorin (2)), two flavonoids (luteolin (3) and chrysoeriol (4)) and four phenolic acids (caffeic acid (5), ferulic acid (6), chlorogenic acid (7) and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (8)). The presence of these compounds has been acknowledged for the first time in this species. The polyphenolic content and antioxidant activities of EtOH extract and PE, CHCl3, AcOEt and BuOH fractions of the EtOH extract from the aerial parts of Taraxacum gracilens Dahlst. were investigated. We evaluated the antioxidant activities of the extract and its fractions by measuring their ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation induced by Fe 3+-ascorbate, their reducing power and their hydrogen donor activities. Also, the inhibitory activity against COX-2 was evaluated to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the samples. The AcOEt and CHCl3 fractions showed the highest antioxidant activity due to their richest phenolic contents, followed by the BuOH fraction, whereas the EtOH extract, containing the least phenolics, showed the weakest activity. The PE fraction did not show any antioxidant activity due to its lack of phenolic content. EtOH extracts and their fractions showed inhibitory activity against COX-2. Rezumat O investigație fitochimică a părților aeriene de Taraxacum gracilens Dahlst. (Asteraceae) a permis obținerea a două cumarine (esculetin (1) și cichorin (2)), a două flavonoide (luteolină (3) și crisoeriol (4)) și a patru acizi fenolici (acid cafeic (5), acid ferulic (6), acid clorogenic (7) și acid 3,5-dicafeoilchinic (8)). Prezența acestor compuși a fost recunoscută pentru prima dată la această specie. S-a investigat conținutul de polifenoli și activitățile antioxidante ale extractului EtOH și ale fracțiunilor PE, CHCl3, AcOEt și BuOH ale extractului EtOH din părțile aeriene de Taraxacum gracilens Dahlst. Am evaluat activitățile antioxidante ale extractului și ale fracțiunilor prin măsurarea capacității de a inhiba peroxidarea lipidelor indusă de Fe3+-ascorbat, a puterii reducătoare și a capacității de a dona protoni. De asemenea, a fost evaluată activitatea inhibitorie asupra COX-2 pentru a determina posibila activitate antiinflamatoare a probelor. Fracțiunile AcOEt și CHCl3, urmate de fracțiunea BuOH, au prezentat cea mai mare activitate antioxidantă datorită conținutului cel mai bogat în fenoli în timp ce extractul EtOH, cu cel mai mic conținut de fenoli, a prezentat cea mai slabă activitate. Fracțiunea PE nu a prezentat activitate antioxidantă, din cauza absenței fenolilor. Extractele EtOH și fracțiunile acestora au prezentat o activitate inhibitoare asupra COX-2.
... Specifically, pentacyclic triterpenes, including lupeol, α-amyrin, and β-amyrin, present a large range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and gastroprotective properties [4][5][6]; these triterpenes have been widely reported in Taraxacum's tissues. T. officinale has great potential applicability as a food, cosmetic, and medicine due to its phytochemical characteristics supported by pharmacological research [7]. Plant biotechnology offers an alternative, and several active plant ingredients are already synthesized through in vitro cultures [8]. ...
Pentacyclic triterpenes, including lupeol, α- amyrin, and β-amyrin, present a large range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and gastroprotective properties. The phytochemistry of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) tissues has been widely described. Plant biotechnology offers an alternative for secondary metabolite production and several active plant ingredients are already synthesized through in vitro cultures. This study aimed to establish a suitable protocol for cell growth and to determine the accumulation of α-amyrin and lupeol in cell suspension cultures of T. officinale under different culture conditions. To this end, inoculum density (0.2% to 8% (w/v)), inoculum age (2- to 10-week-old), and carbon source concentration (1%, 2.3%, 3.2%, and 5.5% (w/v)) were investigated. Hypocotyl explants of T. officinale were used for callus induction. Age, size, and sucrose concentrations were statistically significant in cell growth (fresh and dry weight), cell quality (aggregation, differentiation, viability), and triterpenes yield. The best conditions for establishing a suspension culture were achieved by using a 6-week-old callus at 4% (w/v) and 1% (w/v) of sucrose concentration. Results indicate that 0.04 (±0.02) α-amyrin and 0.03 (±0.01) mg/g lupeol can be obtained in suspension culture under these starting conditions at the 8th week of culture. The results of the present study provide a backdrop for future studies in which an elicitor could be incorporated to increase the large-scale production of α-amyrin and lupeol from T. officinale.
... This indicates that the replacement of WF with DF at the level of 1% caused noticeable changes in the color of the crumb. DF are a rich source of carotenoids, especially lutein epoxide, responsible for the yellow color of dandelion petals [51]. These compounds are mainly responsible for color changes of the crumb. ...
Dandelion flowers (DF) are a rich source of many phytochemicals which can reduce oxidative stress in the human body. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of dried and powdered DF addition into wheat flour (WF) on dough and bread properties. WF was replaced with DF at levels 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6%. Physical properties of dough and quality of control and supplemented bread were studied. The addition of DF increased water absorption of flour, development time and dough stability during mixing. However, these changes had no positive effect on bread quality. With an increase in the proportion of DF in the bread recipe, the volume of loaves and lightness of crumb decreased while its hardness and yellowness increased. As a result of these changes, the overall sensory acceptability of DF-enriched bread decreased. On the other hand, supplementation of WF with DF increased minerals, fiber and fat content in bread. Most importantly, DF enhanced the antioxidant capacity of bread and increased content of phenolics. Total phenolic content ranged from 1.00 mg GAE/g dry mass (DM) for control bread to 3.45 mg GAE/g DM when wheat flour was replaced with 6% of DF. To summarize, we showed that DF can be a valuable ingredient for bread fortification. However, the amount of WF replaced with DF should not exceed 2–3% while taking into account the sensory results.
... Dandelion flowers (eight papers, four countries) are used in popular traditions for the preparation of salads, fritters, risotto, jam, and tea or as a seasoning. Dandelion flowers are rich in phytochemicals, such as carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes, with the resulting sesquiterpene lactones and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives being the most abundant secondary metabolites, followed by flavonoids [141]. The antioxidant and cytotoxic properties can in part be attributed to the presence of luteolin and luteolin 7-glucoside [142,143]. ...
Edible flowers are becoming an essential component of people’s nutrition in the Mediterranean basin. In the last decades, many researchers also have focused their attention on the nutritional composition of the edible flowers, as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, including studies on their safety issues. Despite the growing interest in the use of flowers in human nutrition, the ethnobotanical literature is lacking coverage of some important issues, particularly those which concern the use of flowers in the folk tradition. Only recently, a review regarding the contribution of 32 edible flowers to the Mediterranean diet was published. The aim of the present review is to document the plant lore regarding the wild and cultivated edible flowers consumed in the Mediterranean basin. Based on the 112 studies reviewed, we documented 251 taxa as being used in the Mediterranean basin as edible flowers. The plant species belong to 45 families and 141 genera. Asteraceae (54 taxa) is the most frequently cited family. Sambucus nigra L. is the most cited species. This study can be the basis for future research on the supposed bioactivity and toxicity of wild and cultivated flowers.
