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Nations that Zika virus has been found from 2015
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Citations
... This is reinforced by the surge in the number of cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome reported in Brazil (over 1700 cases in 2015), as well as Venezuela, Colombia, El Salvador, and Suriname. 7,12,13 ...
This article aims to describe the cutaneous manifestations observed in the Zika epidemic in Peru during 2016 and 2017, as well as discuss the potential differential diagnoses. During the outbreak, the main reason for seeking medical advice was the development of a pruriginous maculopapular rash with a marked papular component, which started on the chest and later generalized to the rest of the body. Similar manifestations were noted in adults, children, and pregnant women. Other manifestations such as conjunctivitis, edema, or petechiae on the palate were rare. We suggest that in areas that are endemic for arboviral infections, in the differential diagnosis of a rash one must consider infections such as dengue, Zika, or chikungunya viruses. In nonendemic areas, the diagnosis is more difficult, as the rash may result from other viral infections not transmitted by arthropods and/or reactive or inflammatory diseases (urticaria, atopic dermatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus). We recommend that primary care health personnel are trained in the recognition of the mucocutaneous lesions caused by Zika virus infection, which could contribute to the identification of suspicious cases, particularly pregnant women.
... Şu anda, Zika virüs enfeksiyonu Orta ve Güney Amerika'da bulunan bazı ülkelerde ortaya çıkmaktadır (13). Bugün Zika virüsü, coğrafi olarak Amerikalar boyunca, vektör sivrisinek türlerinin vektör yetkinliğinin yüksek olduğu alanlara (enfeksiyon yeterliği, yayılma ve virüs bulaşması) yayılmaya devam ediyor (14). ...
... Nörolojik komplikasyon riskinde artış, Guillain-Barré sendromu, nöropati ve miyelit dahil yetişkinlerde ve çocuklarda Zika virüs enfeksiyonu ile ilişkilidir (19). Guillain-Barre sendromunun görülme sıklığı, Zika virüs enfeksiyonun endemik bölgelerinde artmıştır (13). Guillain-Barre sendromu, akut gevşek felce yol açan idiopatik periferik nöropatiyi kapsayan birçok otoimmun etiyolojisinin klinik bir sendromudur (10,11). ...
... Zika Virüsünün tanısı için laboratuvarda serum ya da plazmada viral nükleik asit (ZIKV RNA) ve virüse özgül immunoglobulinler (anti-ZIKV IgG ve IgM) ile nötralizan antikorlar araştırılmaktadır (4). (13). Brezilya'da Zika'nın kan transfüzyonuyla bulaştığını gösteren birçok rapor vardır (12). ...
... Şu anda, Zika virüs enfeksiyonu Orta ve Güney Amerika'da bulunan bazı ülkelerde ortaya çıkmaktadır (13). Bugün Zika virüsü, coğrafi olarak Amerikalar boyunca, vektör sivrisinek türlerinin vektör yetkinliğinin yüksek olduğu alanlara (enfeksiyon yeterliği, yayılma ve virüs bulaşması) yayılmaya devam ediyor (14). ...
... Nörolojik komplikasyon riskinde artış, Guillain-Barré sendromu, nöropati ve miyelit dahil yetişkinlerde ve çocuklarda Zika virüs enfeksiyonu ile ilişkilidir (19). Guillain-Barre sendromunun görülme sıklığı, Zika virüs enfeksiyonun endemik bölgelerinde artmıştır (13). Guillain-Barre sendromu, akut gevşek felce yol açan idiopatik periferik nöropatiyi kapsayan birçok otoimmun etiyolojisinin klinik bir sendromudur (10,11). ...
... Zika Virüsünün tanısı için laboratuvarda serum ya da plazmada viral nükleik asit (ZIKV RNA) ve virüse özgül immunoglobulinler (anti-ZIKV IgG ve IgM) ile nötralizan antikorlar araştırılmaktadır (4). (13). Brezilya'da Zika'nın kan transfüzyonuyla bulaştığını gösteren birçok rapor vardır (12). ...
... Aedes albopictus is a vector for several pathogens other than dengue and of late has been incriminated as a vector for Zika virus [15][16][17]. The exact extent of Ae. albopictus involvement in transmitting Zika virus is not yet established as Zika has just been declared as a global public health emergency in 2016 [18,19]. Aedes albopictus is also the primary vector of chikungunya virus [20]. ...
Objective:
To determine the susceptibility status of Aedes albopictus with and without Wolbachia to the four dengue virus serotypes.
Methods:
Two newly colonised colonies of Ae. albopictus from the wild were used for the study. One colony was naturally infected with Wolbachia while in the other Wolbachia was removed by tetracycline treatment. Both colonies were orally infected with dengue virus-infected fresh blood meal. Dengue virus load was measured using quantitative RT-PCR at four time intervals in the salivary glands, midguts and ovaries.
Results:
Wolbachia did not significantly affect Malaysian Ae. albopictus dengue infection or the disseminat-ion rate for all four dengue virus serotypes. Malaysian Ae. albopictus had the highest replication kinetics for DENV-1 and the highest salivary gland and midgut infection rate for DENV-4.
Conclusion:
Wolbachia, which naturally exists in Malaysian Ae. albopictus, does not significantly affect dengue virus replication. Malaysian Ae. albopictus are susceptible to dengue virus infections and capable of transmitting dengue virus, especially DENV-1 and DENV-4. Removal of Wolbachia from Malaysian Ae. albopictus would not reduce their susceptibility status. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... Upon detection in Brazil, local transmission has been identified in most countries of the region of the Americas. The strain which was identified in these outbreaks is of Asian origin [9]. ...
... In 2015, Brazil reported more than 1 700 cases of GBS. Venezuela, Colombia, El Salvador and Suriname have also reported an unusual increase in cases of Guillain-Barré between December 2015 and February 2016 [9]. ...
The Aedes aegypti mosquito which transmits Zika virus (as well as dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever) represents a high risk for global transmission. This virus comes from Africa, the Zika forest in Uganda, where it was discovered in 1947 in a rhesus monkey. In May 2015, the first local cases were recorded in Brazil, surpassing 1.5 million cases in December of the same year. By March 2016, local transmission of Zika was recognized in 34 countries. Its clinical condition is similar to dengue febrile illness, although milder. The final geographical distribution area is constantly expanding. Recently, it has been associated with cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome in Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, Venezuela and Suriname. Microcephaly was documented in Brazil. This article discusses some factors that contributed to the spread of Zika virus in South America. Climate change associated with the events of the phenomenon of "El Niño" is also analyzed. The biggest concern is how quickly Zika is spreading around the world and that it could be far more dangerous than previously thought. Zika virus infection, by its explosive potential, has every chance of becoming a global pandemic.
The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak and the link to birth defects in newborns exposed in utero, caught international attention. Due to its rapid spread throughout the Americas, authorities declared ZIKV a Public Health Emergency of International Concern that lasted from February to November 2016."Congenital Zika Syndrome" (CZS) is a new entity that reflects a broad spectrum of symptoms and signs observed in newborns infected by the ZIKV in utero. A recent review concluded that CZS differs from other congenital infections for its five distinct features: "(1) severe microcephaly with partially collapsed skull; (2) thin cerebral cortices with subcortical calcifications; (3) macular scarring and focal pigmentary retinal mottling; (4) congenital contractures; and (5) marked early hypertonia and symptoms of extrapyramidal involvement."Diagnosing and managing CZS has become a challenge for health professionals including ophthalmologists. The ocular manifestations of CZS are unique and have important consequences on vision. This article reviews the ocular manifestations of the CZS, addresses the visual outcomes of affected infants, and elucidates the early intervention protocols for visual improvement.
The current concern over the Zika virus is far greater than documented in the historical record. This short review provides context to the current concern over a possible pandemic and provides a comprehensive bibliographic review of Zika virus literature organized into several key thematic areas.
After swine flu and Ebola virus, it is the Zika virus, a new re-emerging pathogen having association with microcephaly and neurological complications with epidemic potential, which has suddenly brought the attention of global health agencies. Zika virus is a RNA virus belonging to filovirus family and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Zika virus disease is a predominantly mild or asymptomatic dengue like disease without any hemorrhagic tendencies. But its association with microcephaly and neurological complications has created a panic leading World Health Organization to declare it as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern to encourage prevention of international spreading of Zika virus infection.
