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Narrow band CP converters-based multicolor holograms. (a) Solid curves: simulated diffraction efficiency of three nanoblock types, denoted by S R , S G , and S B . The circle, square, and rectangle represent the simulated efficiency when the S R , S G , and S B are merged into the same pixel as shown in (b). (c) Schematic of multicolor image reconstruction. (d) Multicolor hologram in reflection mode. The metasurface consists of three types of silicon nanoblocks that work as narrow band CP converters. (e) Schematic of the polarization-controlled multicolor hologram. The figures are reproduced with permission from (a)-(c) Ref. 78, (d) Ref. 79, and (e) Ref. 63.
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... that of S R and S G . The authors thus have the supercell contain two blue blocks, while just one red block and one green block to balance the total scattering at each wavelength. Each supercell simultaneously provides the desired phases at the three wavelengths. A schematic diagram of multicolor image generation by the metasurface is shown in Fig. 3(c). Laser beams illuminate the metasurface from the substrate side, and the image is observed on the transmission side. Zhao et al. demonstrated that the silicon nanoblocks can also be designed to work in the reflection mode to provide narrow resonance peaks. 79 As shown in Fig. 3(d), in this configuration, the reflected color holographic ...
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... of multicolor image generation by the metasurface is shown in Fig. 3(c). Laser beams illuminate the metasurface from the substrate side, and the image is observed on the transmission side. Zhao et al. demonstrated that the silicon nanoblocks can also be designed to work in the reflection mode to provide narrow resonance peaks. 79 As shown in Fig. 3(d), in this configuration, the reflected color holographic image is collected using a beam splitter. Via similar principles, the concepts used for multicolor hologram can be extended to allow color-tunable holograms. 63 In the work of Wang et ...
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... that of S R and S G . The authors thus have the supercell contain two blue blocks, while just one red block and one green block to balance the total scattering at each wavelength. Each supercell simultaneously provides the desired phases at the three wavelengths. A schematic diagram of multicolor image generation by the metasurface is shown in Fig. 3(c). Laser beams illuminate the metasurface from the substrate side, and the image is observed on the transmission side. Zhao et al. demonstrated that the silicon nanoblocks can also be designed to work in the reflection mode to provide narrow resonance peaks. 79 As shown in Fig. 3(d), in this configuration, the reflected color holographic ...
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... of multicolor image generation by the metasurface is shown in Fig. 3(c). Laser beams illuminate the metasurface from the substrate side, and the image is observed on the transmission side. Zhao et al. demonstrated that the silicon nanoblocks can also be designed to work in the reflection mode to provide narrow resonance peaks. 79 As shown in Fig. 3(d), in this configuration, the reflected color holographic image is collected using a beam splitter. Via similar principles, the concepts used for multicolor hologram can be extended to allow color-tunable holograms. 63 In the work of Wang et ...
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Citations
... In response to the pressing demand for lightweight and compact optical systems, the concept of metasurfaces 12,13 was proposed. By incorporating subwavelength metal antennas or highly refractive dielectric units in a thin film, flexible manipulation of the amplitude, phase, and other parameters of light can be achieved. ...
In the current solution for multiwavelength achromatic flat lenses, a one-to-one correspondence exists between the number of writing phase distributions and the number of achromatic wavelengths. Breaking this correspondence requires a complex phase design and parameter optimization. Here, we show that a dual-layer cascade liquid crystal Pancharatnam-Berry lens (CLCPBL) with two writing phase distributions and a specific coupled phase distribution between the layers can achieve three wavelength achromaticity without any parameter optimization process. Similarly, in a three-layer cascade, the number of achromatic wavelengths increases to seven through the permutations of the layers, with adjustable amplitude factors. We fabricate a three-layer CLCPBL with the design wavelengths of 396.8 nm, 1064 nm, and 1550 nm, which theoretically allows the light at 632.8, 532.8, 3383 and 450 nm to form a common focus, and test such structure. Our CLCPBL enables a wider range of applications than conventional achromatic flat lenses.
... The significant benefits of the metasurface over traditional components of optical systems are great flexibility and ultrathin size [23][24][25]. They can also be designed for deflecting light [26], generating holograms [27], focusing [28], circular dichroism [29,30], vortex beams production [31], modulating light intensity [32], lensing, imaging and beam splitting [33]. It can also be utilized to replace bulk optics for 3D imaging, in addition to conventional 2D imaging [34]. ...
Multiview display has attention owing to its smooth motion parallax, visual discomfort alleviation, and wide depth of focus. Nevertheless, its applications are limited because of the freedom to design ultrathin display systems. This paper proposes a novel method to design the system freely by using ultrathin metasurface in conjunction with a flat panel to reduce the system's complexity. We demonstrate ultrathin metasurface for red (637nm), green (532nm), and blue (457nm) wavelengths by using the look-up table method, and the subpixel of the metasurface are mapped according to the pixel arrangements of the LCD panel. The proposed 3D multiview display system produces 8 views at the optimal distance of 1000mm from the LCD screen. Numerical simulation is implemented to verify the effectiveness of proposed method and the results show that it can achieve a multiview 3D display with high quality. The thickness of metasurface is 2μm. The proposed metasurface for multiview display has great potential to underpin the development meta-optics-based operations in the field of integrated optics and imaging
... Metasurfaces, with artificial electromagnetic response not attainable in natural materials, offer a compact and versatile means of manipulating various characteristics of incident terahertz waves, including phase and amplitude [8][9][10]. Among them, the use of metasurfaces to actively control the resonant response of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect has drawn continuous interests [11][12][13]. ...
Active control of terahertz surface plasmonic wave (SPW) intensity in the propagation direction holds substantial significance for advanced terahertz functional devices. In this study, we propose a graphene-metal hybrid split-ring slit resonator (SRSR) array metasurfaces and employ the concept of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to achieve excitation of asymmetric SPWs under various polarization states. By individually integrating two graphene ribbons into the two split-ring slit gaps and applying different bias voltages, we observed a gradual transition in the excitation behavior of asymmetric terahertz SPWs, ultimately resembling that of a single SRSR. Near-field simulations reveal that this phenomenon is attributed to the short-connection effect of graphene. Our proposed graphene-metal active hybrid metasurface introduces a novel approach to realize active SPWs devices, holding potential applications in terahertz on-chip communication.
... [1][2][3][4] However, traditional holography is limited by polarization, wavelength, and incident angle as independent multiplexing channel parameters. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] This approach is constrained by limited spatial channel availability and significant cross talk. To overcome these limitations, the use of optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) as an additional information bearer in holography has gained increasing attention. ...
... Metasurfaces, composed of two-dimensional subwavelength arrays of nanoscale scatters, allow for manipulating lights with mutiple degree of freedoms (DoFs), providing a new generation of versatile platforms for optical multiplexing holography 6,8,9 . In this context, different physical dimensions of light such as wavelength [10][11][12][13][14] , incidence angle [15][16][17] , state of polarization (SoP) [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and time 27,28 , have been exploited as independent information channels for holographic systems. Having almost exhausted the existing physical dimensions for multiplexing holography, the angular momentum (AM) dimension of light has emerged as a new opportunity. ...
Metasurfaces can perform high-performance multi-functional integration by manipulating the abundant physical dimensions of light, demonstrating great potential in high-capacity information technologies. The orbital angular momentum (OAM) and spin angular momentum (SAM) dimensions have been respectively explored as the independent carrier for information multiplexing. However, fully managing these two intrinsic properties in information multiplexing remains elusive. Here, we propose the concept of angular momentum (AM) holography which can fully synergize these two fundamental dimensions to act as the information carrier, via a single-layer, non-interleaved metasurface. The underlying mechanism relies on independently controlling the two spin eigenstates and arbitrary overlaying them in each operation channel, thereby spatially modulating the resulting waveform at will. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate an AM meta-hologram allowing the reconstruction of two sets of holographic images, i.e., the spin-orbital locked and the spin-superimposed ones. Remarkably, leveraging the designed dual-functional AM meta-hologram, we demonstrate a novel optical nested encryption scheme, which is able to achieve parallel information transmission with ultra-high capacity and security. Our work opens a new avenue for optionally manipulating the AM, holding promising applications in the fields of optical communication, information security and quantum science.
... Metasurfaces are composed of a single layer [15] or a few layers [16] of subwavelength nanostructures, and can be used to manipulate light beams. In the last decade, metasurfaces have drawn much attention due to the following benefits [17][18][19][20]: First, metasurfaces diminish our dependence on the need to use propagation to achieve the appropriate phase delay needed in an optical device, which opens up possibilities for ultrathin optical devices [21][22][23]. Second, metasurfaces can be used to achieve novel functionalities that do not exist in natural materials, such as negative refraction [24,25], the giant spin-Hall effect [26][27][28][29] and general Pancharatnam-Berry Phases [30]. ...
Semiconductor lasers play critical roles in many different systems, ranging from optical communications to absorption spectroscopy for environmental monitoring. Despite numerous applications, many semiconductor lasers have problems such as significant beam divergence and polarization instability. External optical elements like objective lenses and polarizers are usually needed to address these issues. This Review will discuss how these issues have recently been dealt with by instead integrating metasurfaces into semiconductor lasers. This necessitates the development of innovative fabrication methods; these will also be the topic of this Review. Metasurfaces can be integrated on the emitting facet of a laser. This can help select the lasing mode or can be used just to modify the output beam properties without affecting the modes. They can also be integrated monolithically with lasers through waveguides, or work in an external cavity configuration. These integrated devices provide novel optical functions, such as direct orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode generation, wavelength tuning and holographic pattern generation. We hope this Review will help extend the use of metasurface-integrated semiconductor lasers to scientific and industrial systems that employ lasers.
... red, green, and blue) are recorded from an object. After reconstruction, these three patterns will be merged, and a colorful image of the desired scene will be obtained [10]. As noted in [10], metasurface-based multicolor holograms can be classified into four different classes on the basis of the color-separation mechanisms employed. ...
... After reconstruction, these three patterns will be merged, and a colorful image of the desired scene will be obtained [10]. As noted in [10], metasurface-based multicolor holograms can be classified into four different classes on the basis of the color-separation mechanisms employed. The metasurface holograms that do not perform color filtering are classified into the first class [11,12]. ...
The remarkable advances in nanofabrication that have occurred over the last decade present opportunities for the realization of new types of holograms. In this work, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, a method for phase multicolor holograms based on nanohole arrays is described. The nanoholes are in an aluminum film that is interposed between the glass substrate and a silicon dioxide layer. The nanoholes serve as color filters for blue, green, and red wavelengths and provide the necessary phase distribution via the detour phase method. Our nanohole arrays are optimized to maximize the transmission efficiency of the red, green, and blue channels and to minimize the cross-talk between them. We design two multicolor holograms based on these filters and simulate their performance. The results show good fidelity to the desired holographic images. The proposed structure has the advantages of being very compact, of requiring only a simple fabrication method with one lithography step, and of employing materials (aluminum and silicon dioxide) that are compatible with standard CMOS technology.
... In addition, twodimensional metamaterials composed of a planar and ultrathin array of artificial structures, i.e., metasurfaces, have shown unprecedented capabilities of manipulating electromagnetic waves at will [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69] . In free space, practical devices of general interest, such as metalenses [70][71][72][73][74][75] , perfect absorbers [76][77][78] , polarization wave plates [79][80][81][82][83][84][85] , special beam launchers [86][87][88][89] , and holograms [90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97] , have been successfully demonstrated. ...
... Metasurfaces, composed of two-dimensional subwavelength arrays of nanoscale scatters, allow for manipulating lights with mutiple degree of freedoms (DoFs), providing a new generation of versatile platforms for optical multiplexing holography [6][7][8]. In this context, different physical dimensions of light such as wavelength [9][10][11][12][13], incidence angle [14][15][16], state of polarization (SoP) [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and time [26,27], have been exploited as independent information channels for holographic systems. Having almost exhausted the existing physical dimensions for multiplexing holography, the angular momentum (AM) dimension of light has emerged as a new opportunity. ...
Metasurfaces can perform high-performance multi-functional integration by manipulating the abundant physical dimensions of light, demonstrating great potential in high-capacity information technologies. The orbital angular momentum (OAM) and spin angular momentum (SAM) dimensions have been respectively explored as the independent carrier for information multiplexing. However, fully managing these two intrinsic properties in information multiplexing remains elusive. Here, we propose the concept of angular momentum (AM) holography which can fully synergize these two fundamental dimensions to act as the information carrier, via a single-layer non-interleaved metasurface. The underlying mechanism relies on independently controlling the two spin eigenstates and arbitrary overlaying them in each operation channel, thereby spatially modulating the resulting waveform at will. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate an AM meta-hologram allowing the reconstruction of two sets of holographic images, i.e., the spin-orbital locked and the spin-superimposed ones. Remarkably, leveraging the designed dual-functional AM meta-hologram, we demonstrate a novel optical nested encryption scheme, which is able to achieve parallel information transmission with ultra-high capacity and security. Our work opens a new avenue for optionally manipulating the AM, holding promising applications in the fields of optical communication, information security and quantum science.
... Metasurfaces are artificially designed functional devices with subwavelength micro/nanostructures arranged in a specific way on a two-dimensional plane [2], and are able to engineer the amplitude, phase, polarization, and spin/orbital angular momentum of incident waves by purposely adjusting the size, orientation, and spatial distribution of subwavelength structures. Various functional devices utilizing metasurfaces have been reported, such as metalenses [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], beam steering [17][18][19][20], holograms [21][22][23][24][25], polarizers [26][27][28][29][30][31][32], and vortex-beam generators [33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. ...
Metalenses provide a powerful paradigm for mid-infrared (MIR) imaging and detection while keeping the optical system compact. However, the design of MIR metalenses simultaneously correcting chromatic aberration and off-axis monochromatic aberration remains challenging. Here, we propose an MIR doublet metalens composed of a silicon aperture metalens and a silicon focusing metalens separated by a fused silica substrate. By performing ray-tracing optimization and particle-swarm optimization, we optimized the required phase profiles as well as the sizes and spatial distributions of silicon nanopillars of the doublet metalens. Simulation results showed that the MIR doublet metalens simultaneously achieved chromatic and off-axis monochromatic aberration reduction, realizing a continuous 400 nm bandwidth and 20° field-of-view (FOV). Thanks to its planar configuration, this metalens is suitable for integration with CMOS image sensor to achieve MIR imaging and detection, which has potential application in troubleshooting and intelligent inspection of power grids. This work may facilitate the practical application of metalens-integrated micro/nanosensors in intelligent energy.
