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Interest in nanomaterials and especially nanoparticles has exploded in the past decades primarily due to their novel or enhanced physical and chemical properties compared to bulk material. These extraordinary properties have created a multitude of innovative applications in the fields of medicine and pharma, electronics, agriculture, chemical catal...
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... Objects with at least one of their three dimensions lying within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers are referred to as nanoparticles (Joudeh & Linke, 2022). When compared to bulk materials like powders, plates, and sheets, these particles have an extraordinarily high surface area-to-volume ratio and are very small to be observed by the human eye (Khan et al., 2022). ...
The safety of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) remains uncertain due to a scarcity of data regarding its absorption, distribution, elimination, and potential adverse effects following oral exposure. As emerging evidence suggests perturbations in energy metabolism play a pivotal role in the toxicity induced by various toxicants, this investigation aimed to assess the effect of TiO2-NPs on the activities of specific glycolytic enzymes in rats. In this study, seventy-two (72) male Wistar rats (200 ± 20g) were divided into 12 groups, each consisting of 6 animals. The rats were orally exposed to TiO2-NPs (8-12nm) at doses of 50, 150, and 250 mg/kg body weight (BW) for durations of 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The control groups received distilled water. The results showed that, except for the 150 mg/kg BW dose of 12 weeks, TiO2-NPs exposure led to an up-regulation in hexokinase activity in lymphocytes, plasma, erythrocytes, and the liver. Hepatic and lymphocyte aldolase activities were also up-regulated, except at 8 and 12 weeks for the 50 and 150 mg/kg BW doses, where slight decreases were observed. Plasma aldolase increased, except at 12 weeks for 150 mg/kg BW dose, while erythrocyte aldolase increased only during the 4 and 8-week exposure but decreased throughout the 12-week exposure. Notably, compared to erythrocyte lactate dehydrogenase activity, which decreased, a consistent pattern observed in lymphocytes, plasma, and hepatic enzymes was a down-regulation at 8 and 12 weeks for the 50 and 150 mg/kg BW doses of TiO2-NPs. In other instances, and time intervals, lactate dehydrogenase was up-regulated. The data from this study underscores that exposure to TiO2-NPs can disrupt the glycolytic pathway of energy metabolism, particularly during the initial 4 weeks of exposure. These perturbations are characterized by increased glycolytic enzymes activity in the lymphocytes, plasma, and the liver.
... Nanotechnology represents a possible new management tool since nanoparticles have been reported to have microbial inhibitory effects [18]. Nanoparticles are characterized by their particle size, which generally ranges between 1 to 100 nm [19,20]. In recent years, the use of nanomaterials has had a significant impact on several high-tech industries, including medication delivery, cancer therapy [21], energy and biomedicine [22] agriculture [23], and many other sectors [24]. ...
Rice (Oryza sativa) stands as a crucial staple food worldwide, especially in Bangladesh, where it ranks as the third-largest producer. However, intensified cultivation has made high-yielding rice varieties susceptible to various biotic stresses, notably sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani, which inflicts significant yield losses annually. Traditional fungicides, though effective, pose environmental and health risks. To address this, nanotechnology emerges as a promising avenue, leveraging the antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles like silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This study explored the green synthesis of AgNPs using Ipomoea carnea leaf extract and silver nitrate (AgNO3), and also examined their efficacy against sheath blight disease in rice. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized through various analytical techniques such as UV-vis spectrophotometer, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Particle size analyzer, Zeta potential, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) for confirming their successful production and crystalline nature of nanoparticles. The results of UV-visible spectrophotometers revealed an absorption peak ranging from 421 to 434 nm, validated the synthesis of AgNPs in the solution. XRD, DLS, and TEM estimated AgNPs sizes were ~45 nm, 66.2nm, and 46.38 to 73.81 nm, respectively. SEM and FESEM demonstrated that the synthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape. In vitro assays demonstrated the significant inhibitory effects of AgNPs on mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani, particularly at higher concentrations and pH levels. Further greenhouse and field experiments validated the antifungal efficacy of AgNPs against sheath blight disease in rice, exhibiting comparable effectiveness to commercial fungicides. The findings highlight the potential of AgNPs as a sustainable and effective alternative for managing rice sheath blight disease, offering a safer solution amidst environmental concerns associated with conventional fungicides.
... As a consequence of surface and quantum effects, compared with their original size, shrinking the size of materials to a nanoscopic scale (less than 100 nanometers in one or more dimensions) results in upgraded mechanical, thermal, magnetic, electronic, optical, and catalytic characteristics [34]. This justifies the broad usage of nanomaterials in various fields. ...
Condensate and liquid blockage is a serious problem in gas condensate reservoirs as it reduces gas production. There are many methods to solve this problem, however, most of them are temporary or expensive. Wettability alteration of reservoir rocks from a liquid-wet state to a gas-wet state via nanoparticles is a long-lasting, cheap, and environmentally friendly solution to condensate blockage. With the aim of promoting this treatment in field scales, this review article presents a report of almost all the research carried out in this area. The results of different research teams are compared and the advantages and disadvantages of each research are detailed. Furthermore, the mechanisms and effects of gas-wetting alteration are fully explained, and the existence of an optimum wettability state is discussed. We found that silica nanoparticles are the most commonly used type of nanoparticles in wettability alteration towards a gas wet state due to their effectiveness and endurance. Most importantly, we present two new theories about the application of nanoparticles in the wettability alteration process of condensate reservoirs. First, it may be possible to inject nanoparticles into reservoirs via foam which not only stabilizes foam but also increases the effectiveness of wettability alteration treatment. Second, nanoparticles can be used to alter the wettability and prevent fines migration and sand production simultaneously. This review can be utilized as a reference in expanding the use of nanoparticles in gas-wetting alteration in field scales.
... Essas propriedades em relação aos materiais na escala micro e macro fazem com que as NPs apresentem propriedades mecânicas, térmicas, magnéticas, eletrônicas, ópticas e catalíticas aprimoradas ou inéditas. Tais características são possíveis graças a quatro fatores, sendo eles: uma ampla área de superfície, um elevado número de partículas por unidade de massa, uma maior quantidade de átomos expostos na superfície, e menos vizinhos diretos (Joudeh & Linke, 2022). Cada característica citada pode ser modificada para servir as mais demasiadas necessidades. ...
O tratamento do câncer continua sendo um desafio significativo na área da saúde devido aos efeitos colaterais dos tratamentos convencionais e à necessidade de terapias mais eficazes. A nanotecnologia oferece uma abordagem promissora para superar essas limitações, com o desenvolvimento de nanopartículas como carreadores de fármacos antitumorais. Este artigo revisa de forma abrangente o uso de nanopartículas na terapia do câncer, desde a definição de nanotecnologia até a possível toxicidade das nanopartículas. Discutimos os diferentes tipos de nanopartículas utilizadas, como nanopartículas à base de polímeros, lipídios, nanoemulsões e nanopartículas de ouro, destacando suas vantagens e aplicações na entrega de medicamentos antitumorais. Além disso, exploramos os tratamentos convencionais para o câncer, como cirurgia, radioterapia e quimioterapia, comparando sua eficácia e efeitos colaterais com os tratamentos baseados em nanotecnologia. Finalmente, discutimos a eficácia dos medicamentos antitumorais de origem nanotecnológica e os desafios relacionados à possível toxicidade das nanopartículas. Essa revisão fornece uma visão abrangente e atualizada do papel das nanopartículas na terapia do câncer, destacando seu potencial para melhorar os resultados clínicos e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar uma revisão sistemática do emprego de sistemas nanoparticulados como medicamentos antitumorais.
... Physicochemical characterization is important for predicting constituent behavior, assessing performance, and ensuring formulation stability in the development of new compounds and formulations. Methods such as electron microscopy and spectrophotometry are employed to regulate the function of an ingredient in the formulation and confrm the accurate distribution of ingredients [12]. Assessing antioxidant activity in novel materials is crucial for assessing their ability to reduce oxidative stress and protect materials from degradation. ...
... Physicochemical characterization is of utmost signifcance in the pharmaceutical sector, where it is utilized to guarantee the efcacy, safety, and quality of pharmaceutical products [12]. Our study employed scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR) to assess physicochemical properties. ...
This study provides the design of a microencapsulation formula, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiplasmodial activities of Holothuria atra microcapsules. The ethanolic extract of H. atra was microencapsulated with chitosan (CHI) and sodium tripolyphosphate (Na-TPP) with various stirring times: 60 minutes (CHI60), 90 minutes (CHI90), and 120 minutes (CHI120). The microcapsules were then observed for physicochemical properties using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The microcapsules were tested for antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Antiplasmodial bioactivity was assessed through in silico molecular docking. The CHI60 and CHI120 microcapsules exhibited a smaller size and an irregular spherical shape, while the same FTIR profile was observed in CHI90 and CHI120. The bioactivity tests demonstrated that CHI90 exhibited high antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, while CHI120 exhibited high antioxidant performance. Calcigeroside B and Echinoside B exhibited antiplasmodial activity against the Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) protein, along with an artemisinin inhibition mechanism. In conclusion, the microcapsules with the CHI90 formula demonstrated the best antibacterial activity, while the CHI120 formula exhibited high antioxidant activity. Two terpenoids, Calcigeroside B and Echinoside B, exhibited the best antiplasmodial activity.
... The method is also used for identifying alteration zones and potential mineralization associated with basement rocks [99] . However, there are certain mineral deposits that induce changes in the electrical resistivity due to mineralogical alterations or the presence of conductive fluids [100] . Resistivity anomalies can be indicative of alteration zones or mineralized bodies within the basement rocks. ...
Lithological mapping in semi-arid regions has witnessed a phase of transformation due to advancement in remote
sensing technology. This has permitted a more comprehensive understanding of surface lithological units. This review
explores the evolution of remote sensing mapping techniques and their diverse uses at semi-arid regions, underscoring
the significance of the mapping procedure and the prospects. Remote sensing technology has been advancing with
moderate to high resolution spaceborne and airborne sensors, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology and LiDAR
(light detection and ranging). These have significantly enhanced capacity, accuracy and the scope of lithological
mapping procedures. Especially, the advancement of machine learning and Artificial Intelligent (AI) in automated
remote sensing data analysis has ignited more precise ways of identifying and classification of lithological units. Using
hybrid remote sensing/machine learning mapping techniques has extended the horizon of geological studies where
mineral exploration, water resource management, land use planning, environmental assessments, and risk mitigation
are particularly considered. The maps derived provide deeper insights into accurate delineation of mineral deposits,
identification of potential sources of water, and aiding those making informed decision making for land development
and resource management. The importance of hybrid remote sensing/ machine learning techniques lies with the
profound contributions made through geological history, resource exploration, environmental preservation, and risk
management directed to fragile ecosystems such as semi-arid environments. The future of the hybrid methodologies
holds promise for further advancements in integrating various data sources, exploitation of their contextual properties,
refining AI algorithms for faster and more accurate analysis, and methodologies that are specific to environments.
These evolving technologies and diverse applications present a trajectory targeted at more comprehensive utilization
of geological resources and improvement of environmental stewardship even to fragile regions.
... Nanoparticles (NPs) are being developed to overcome the BBB. Several classes of NPs are being explored, such as lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, and biological nanoparticles [191]. One approach involves modifying NPs with ligands or substrates that bind to receptors or transporters highly expressed on CNS endothelial cells, thereby inducing transcytosis. ...
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor. Standard treatments including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have failed to significantly improve the prognosis of glioblastoma patients. Currently, immunotherapeutic approaches based on vaccines, chimeric antigen-receptor T-cells, checkpoint inhibitors, and oncolytic virotherapy are showing promising results in clinical trials. The combination of different immunotherapeutic approaches is proving satisfactory and promising. In view of the challenges of immunotherapy and the resistance of glioblastomas, the treatment of these tumors requires further efforts. In this review, we explore the obstacles that potentially influence the efficacy of the response to immunotherapy and that should be taken into account in clinical trials. This article provides a comprehensive review of vaccine therapy for glioblastoma. In addition, we identify the main biomarkers, including isocitrate dehydrogenase, epidermal growth factor receptor, and telomerase reverse transcriptase, known as potential immunotherapeutic targets in glioblastoma, as well as the current status of clinical trials. This paper also lists proposed solutions to overcome the obstacles facing immunotherapy in glioblastomas.
... The past few decades have witnessed intensive research endeavours, shedding light on the multifaceted advantages of nanotechnology in these arenas. The field of nanotechnology involves the development and use of nanoparticles characterized by their tiny size and large surface area, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nanometres (Joudeh and Linke, 2022). The synthesis of these nano range particles relies on three fundamental approaches: physical, chemical, and biological processes. ...
Modern agriculture faces the challenge of increasing crop yields while minimizing environmental stress. Traditional agrochemicals are associated with a certain adverse effect on the environment. In response, bioinoculants, acting as "plant probiotics," have gained prominence for enhancing plant health, nutrient uptake, and crop productivity. Simultaneously, nanotechnology has made strides in agriculture, especially with nanofertilizers that improve nutrient utilization and protect crops from environmental stress. A notable advancement is the application of a combination of specific bioinoculants with nanoparticles, forming "nano-bioinoculants." This innovation ensures higher crop yields and the mitigation of abiotic stress in crops while reducing environmental impacts. The current article illustrates the transformative potential of nano-118 Microbes and Regenerative Agriculture bioinoculants, a novel approach that synergizes nanomaterials with plant growth-promoting microorganisms to increase crop yields, reduce environmental stress, and enhance soil fertility, making it a valuable solution for today's agricultural challenges.
... This review article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the current state of MNP-based targeted healing in yoga and physiotherapy, exploring the mechanisms of action, applications, and future directions. MNPs are tiny particles, typically ranging in size from 1-100 nanometers [2,3] , made of magnetic materials such as iron oxide, nickel, or cobalt. Their small size and magnetic properties make them ideal for interacting with cells and tissues at the nanoscale. ...
This review article explores the innovative applications of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in yoga and physiotherapy for targeted healing. MNPs' unique magnetic properties enable precise treatment and minimal invasiveness, offering significant potential in medical applications. Recent studies highlight the promising integration of MNPs into yoga and physiotherapy, enhancing the efficacy of these interventions by precisely targeting affected areas. This review also examines nanotechnology's pivotal role in modern medical practices, showcasing MNPs' contributions to pain management and tissue regeneration. By analyzing current developments and future prospects, the article aims to inspire further research and innovation in MNP-based targeted healing within yoga and physiotherapy.
... Nanoparticles, defined by their dimensions below 100 nanometers, possess unique properties that have proven instrumental in revolutionizing agriculture and wastewater treatment processes. These properties contribute to their multifaceted applications and transformative impacts in these critical sectors (Joudeh & Linke, 2022). Below the 100nanometer threshold, nanoparticles emerge as nano-wonders reshaping the landscapes of agriculture and water treatment. ...
This review delves into the dual impact of nanoparticles in agriculture and wastewater treatment across nations, assessing both benefits and drawbacks. It highlights their transformative role in medical advancements, environmental solutions, and energy efficiency while addressing concerns about toxicity, ethics, and regulatory challenges. The critical analysis of global involvement reveals varying percentages of nanoparticle utilization. This study contributes essential insights into responsible nanotechnology development, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders navigating the dynamic landscape of nanoparticle applications in agriculture and wastewater treatment.
