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Nanobubble generation setup (made by Fine Bubble Technologies, Poland). (1) oxygen cylinder, (2) gas rotameter, (3) gear pump, (4) module with ceramic membrane, (5) tank for nanodispersion, (6) turbine liquid flow meter (Kobold Instruments, Poland), (7) pressure transducer UPT20 (WIKA, Poland) for: (a) liquid, (b) gas, (8) gate valve, (9) ball valve.
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Inhalation is a non-invasive method of local drug delivery to the respiratory system. This study analyzed the potential use of aqueous dispersion of oxygen nanobubbles (ADON) as a drug carrier with the additional function of oxygen supplementation to diseased lungs. The suitability of the membrane-based method of ADON preparation and, next, the sta...
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Background:
It is necessary to investigate the effects of physical activity (PA) on the recovery of adults and the elderly, considering PA positively affects pathologies that share similarities with COVID-19. We present the results of a systematic review whose objective was to analyze the physical, functional, psychological, and social effects of...
Citations
... Barigou et al. used a similar method to generate long-lived NBs with a diameter of 50-150 nm [20]. NBs have been actively applied in ultrasound diagnostics [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] and more recently in ultrasound therapy [30][31][32]. Thus, significant research progresses have been made in recent years in the generation of NBs by ultrasound and the associated applications. ...
Our previous study showed that nanobubbles (NBs) encapsulating CO2 gas have bactericidal activity due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Yamaguchi et al., 2020). Here, we report that bulk NBs encapsulating CO2 can be efficiently generated by ultrasonically irradiating carbonated water using a piezoelectric transducer with a frequency of 1.7 MHz. The generated NBs were less than 100 nm in size and had a lifetime of 500 h. Furthermore, generation of ROS in the NB suspension was investigated using electron spin resonance spectroscopy and fluorescence spectrometry. The main ROS was found to be the hydroxyl radical, which is consistent with our previous observations. The bactericidal activity lasted for at least one week. Furthermore, a mist generated by atomizing the NB suspension with ultrasonic waves was confirmed to have the same bactericidal activity as the suspension itself. We believe that the strong, persistent bactericidal activity and radical generation phenomenon are unique to NBs produced by ultrasonic irradiation of carbonated water. We propose that entrapped CO2 molecules strongly interact with water at the NB interface to weaken the interface, and high-pressure CO2 gas erupts from this weakened interface to generate ROS with bactericidal activity.
... Pluronic surfactants serve as solubilizing agents, tablet binders, emulsifying agents, and drug carriers, as reported on the manufacturer site and in the literature [58][59][60]. We suspect that soon, nanobubbles will be even more commonly used in medical and pharmaceutical applications [55,[61][62][63][64][65], especially in cases in which the patient has to be able to administer treatment given or prescribed by the medical staff to oneself in liquid. On the other hand, the generation of nanobubbles with biomedical polymers as stabilizers may allow for pharmaceutical usage in situations in which the preparation of dispersions by the patient is not applicable. ...
The repeatable and cost-efficient generation of nanobubbles is still a challenge. In most cases, the hydrodynamic generation of nanobubbles is used at larger scales. Therefore, every cost reduction possible in nanobubble generation is needed. In this work, we decided to check how the generation of nanobubbles changes when the surrounding liquid properties change. The generation of nanobubbles was carried out in a novel setup, designed by us. We investigated the minimum liquid velocity needed for nanobubble generation and propose correlations describing this based on the physicochemical properties of the liquid and gas phases. As carbon dioxide nanobubbles are commonly used for the treatment of ischemia and chronic wounds, the investigation of their stability enhancement is crucial for the wider public. We investigated the minimum rotation rate of the impeller needed for CO2 nanobubble generation and the influence of a biomedical surfactant (Pluronic P-123) addition and concentration change on the size of nanobubbles and their stability over time. Nanobubbles were stable in the presence of surfactant additions and showed the impact of both changes in generation time and shear stress on their size. We hope that this study will be a step in the direction of the cost-efficient generation of stable carbon dioxide nanobubble dispersions.
... Nanobubbles are favorable carriers for tissue or cell oxygenation, and oxygen-containing nanobubbles are emphasized as emerging candidates for tissue oxygenation, tissue repair, and anti-inflammatory treatment of various diseases [114,115]. Especially, intravenous oxygen-containing nanobubbles may be a novel treatment strategy for hypoxic conditions such as acute respiratory failure and corona virus disease 2019 (COVID19) infection [116]. Diverse routes carrying oxygenated nanobubbles are also explored, and inhalation of aqueous dispersion of oxygen nanobubbles can be applied as a novel drug delivery as well as an oxygen supplier in airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [117]. ...
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) is characterized by adult-onset asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs), and aspirin/NSAID hypersensitivity, presenting recurrent asthma exacerbation and poor clinical outcomes. Patients with NERD have heterogeneous clinical phenotypes/endotypes, and the management of NERD remains challenging. Dysregulation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and persistent eosinophilic airway inflammation are the major pathogenic mechanisms in the upper and lower airways of NERD. To date, increased levels of urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) [a terminal metabolite of the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway] have been the most relevant biomarker for NERD. It is demonstrated that mast cells, platelets, and epithelial cells can amplify upper and lower airway inflammation in NERD, and several potential biomarkers based on these complicated and heterogeneous mechanisms have been suggested. This review summarizes potential biomarkers for application in the management of NERD.
... Our previous studies [23] showed that aqueous dispersions of oxygen nanobubbles fulfill the stability requirements during storage. Furthermore, their potential application does not require changes in the construction of the main types of nebulizers present in the market. ...
... We decided to check if there is a possibility of using them in aerosol therapy. The results of this work are a continuation of our research on the influence of oxygen nanobubbles on the quality of aerosols released from medical nebulizers [23]. These earlier results demonstrated that the atomization of O 2 -NBs dispersions in selected nebulizers does not change the aerosol quality, so the expected deposition of the inhaled droplets in the lungs is unchanged. ...
... The liquid dispersions of O 2 -NBs were prepared according to the procedure presented in detail by [23]. In brief, oxygen nanobubble dispersions in water (ADON) or 0.9% saline (SDON) were obtained using the designed generation setup equipped with a cylindrical porous flat ceramic (ZrO 2 on TiO 2 support) membrane (pore diameter 0.14 µm, internal/external membrane diameter: 8/10 mm, membrane length 125 mm; Tami Industries, France). ...
A dispersion of oxygen nanobubbles (O2-NBs) is an extraordinary gas–liquid colloidal system where spherical gas elements can be considered oxygen transport agents. Its conversion into inhalation aerosol by atomization with the use of nebulizers, while maintaining the properties of the dispersion, gives new opportunities for its applications and may be attractive as a new concept in treating lung diseases. The screening of O2-NBs interactions with lung fluids is particularly needed in view of an O2-NBs application as a promising aerosol drug carrier with the additional function of oxygen supplementation. The aim of the presented studies was to investigate the influence of O2-NBs dispersion combined with the selected inhalation drugs on the surface properties of two types of pulmonary surfactant models (lipid and lipid–protein model). The characteristics of the air–liquid interface were carried out under breathing-like conditions using two selected tensiometer systems: Langmuir–Wilhelmy trough and the oscillating droplet tensiometer. The results indicate that the presence of NBs has a minor effect on the dynamic characteristics of the air–liquid interface, which is the desired effect in the context of a potential use in inhalation therapies.
Hypothesis:
Bulk nanobubbles (NBs) have high surface charge densities and long lifetimes. Despite several attempts to understand the lifetime of NBs, their interfacial layer structure remains unknown. It is hypothesized that a specific interfacial layer exists with a hydrogen bond network that stabilizes NBs.
Experiments:
In situ infrared reflectance-absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory were used to determine the interfacial layer structure of NBs. Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to examine the interfacial layer hardness of bubbles filled with N2, O2, and CO2, which was expected to depend on the encapsulated gas species.
Findings:
The interfacial layer was composed of three-, four-, and five-membered ring clusters of water molecules. An interface model was proposed in which a two-dimensional layer of clusters with large electric dipole moments is oriented toward the endohedral gas, and the hydrophobic surface is adjacent to the free water. The interfacial layer hardness was dependent on the interaction with the gas (N2 > O2 > CO2), which supports the proposed interface model. These findings can be generalized to the structure of water at gas-water interfaces.
Abstract – The hybrid isocyanate-free polyurethane/epoxy foams were obtained by reaction of
carbonized soybean oil and epoxies with diamines. The first stage involves the synthesis of carbonized
soybean oil, which was carried out by reaction of carbon dioxide with epoxidised oil in the presence of
tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) as a catalyst. At the next stage, hydroxyurethane pre-polymers
were obtained by aminolysis of cyclic carbonate of soybean oil with diamines such as
aminoethylpiperazine (AEP) and isophorone diamine (IFDA). The adjusting of the molar ratio of IFDA,
AEP, compared to carbonized vegetable oil was carried out for receiving pre-polymers with structure
and physical properties, which are optimal for further reaction(s). At the last third stage, hybrid
NIPU/Epoxy foams were synthesized from hydroxyurethane prepolymer and epoxy resin, in presence
of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) as a reactive foaming agent. The final hybrid NIPU/Epoxy foams
were obtained by curing at 80 ◦C during 14 hours. The synthesized foams were investigated by FTIR and
DSC, TGA analysis
