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![Nanjido Ecological Park [15]](profile/Ari-Happonen/publication/351477505/figure/fig2/AS:1023413036515328@1621012090330/Nanjido-Ecological-Park-15.jpg)
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![Fig. 1. MSW Treatment Techniques and Their Products [6]](profile/Ari-Happonen/publication/351477505/figure/fig1/AS:1023413036519424@1621012090154/MSW-Treatment-Techniques-and-Their-Products-6_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 2. Nanjido Ecological Park [15]](profile/Ari-Happonen/publication/351477505/figure/fig2/AS:1023413036515328@1621012090330/Nanjido-Ecological-Park-15_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 3. Projected waste generation [2]](profile/Ari-Happonen/publication/351477505/figure/fig3/AS:1023413036531712@1621012090370/Projected-waste-generation-2_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 5. Global waste composition [2]](profile/Ari-Happonen/publication/351477505/figure/fig4/AS:1023413036531713@1621012090481/Global-waste-composition-2_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 6. Vantaa Energy [19]](profile/Ari-Happonen/publication/351477505/figure/fig5/AS:1023413036523520@1621012090498/Vantaa-Energy-19_Q320.jpg)
Globally approximately 2 billion tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) is generated annually, and the trend is towards growth. To fight the ever-growing waste issue, different countries have different practices and processes with various sustainability levels. Waste can be treated in multiple ways and in the sustainability front, the focus on e.g. ci...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... Seoul started to transform the landfill area into an eco-park. The city installed LFG recovery system to the former landfill site and stablished a systematic way to measure ecological recovery of the area. The transformation of this eco-park is recognized globally as the ecosystem and surrounding areas have improved after the development. Here, Fig. 2 illustrates how the area currently looks [15]. ...
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This study explores trends in recycling rates and municipal solid waste landfilling to construct a Circularity Index forecasted up to 2035. This projection is contrasted with the pathways that countries must adopt to attain set targets. We further estimate the impact of the Circularity Index on factors such as sustainability performance, innovation...
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Citations
... In today's world, there is a noticeable increase in support for the shift from a linear to a circular economy, with several governments, companies, and individuals actively adopting and promoting sustainable practices. This shift offers the potential to build a society characterized by economic success, and responsibility for the environment, representing a shared commitment to a better and more balanced future, in addition to the promise of a healthier planet (Kilpeläinen & Happonen, 2021). ...
The present study delves into the interrelationships of the circular economy, digitalization, and Industry 4.0, emphasizing their joint capacity to promote sustainable industrial practices. The circular economy develops as a key economic concept, emphasizing the significance of waste reduction, recycling, and material reuse. The circular economy framework is strengthened by the incorporation of digital technologies, such as big data, artificial intelligence, and cyber-physical systems. These technologies provide resource efficiency, traceability, and transparency in corporate dealings. Industry 4.0 principles seamlessly align with circular economy practices, offering manufacturers insights into product performance. The study also emphasizes the role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in adopting circular economy models, facilitated by digitalization for enhanced resource management and sustainability. By examining the economic, environmental, and societal benefits, the study underscores the transformative potential of transitioning from a linear to a circular economy. It concludes by advocating for governmental support, legal frameworks, and individual awareness to further promote circular economy practices and achieve sustainable growth.
... The emergence of digital technology tools has increased the way the waste management process is carried out. The advanced facilities, for instance, the largest Waste-to-Energy plant in Finland and a cutting-edge facility in Europe, showcase advances in waste treatment and management (Kilpeläinen & Happonen, 2021). Advancements in robotics help to identify and sort recyclable and hazardous materials through image recognition. ...
... Waste management system, proper awareness of waste processing technologies [Kilpeläinen, Happonen, 2021], waste facilities investment realities , and knowhow about newest sustainability options [Minashkina, Happonen, 2023;Happonen et al., 2020;Happonen, Ghoreishi, 2022;Ghoreishi, Happonen, 2020] are one of the most significant factors defining minimally wasteful and good quality of life in bigger societies. In Saint-Petersburg problems of civil infrastructure and communal services is a traditional point of social tension crystallization -in particular, condition of waste management sector is the one raising the most concern. ...
This material aims at proposition of direction of optimization of waste management system organization through the means of auction theory. Originally, based on particular case of Saint-Petersburg, possible outcomes of such a research are likely to be useful for intra-and international approbation. This proposal contains a brief overview of Saint-Petersburg local waste management system specifics and a model of centralized auction distribution of lots in waste management system, however simulation study is left for the future development. Further research on the topic might be of special interest in context of reform of industrial and consumption waste management implementation.
... What has been previously present in the academic literature are explorations of the association between sustainable supply chain performance and digital transformation technologies such as blockchain technology [80,113], RFID [114], warehouse automation [115], big data analytics [27,60], the internet of things [78], and management practices [116]. Economically, DT in connection to new technology adoption [117], can favor companies and their sustainability performance from the operational to the strategic level, positively impacting their economic performance. For example, by reducing the amount of generated waste and emissions from operational manufacturing activities, a company can enhance its sustainability performance outcomes such as reduced raw material and water consumption and energy efficiency [118]. ...
This study examined the association between digital transformation (DT), supply chain integration (SCI), and overall sustainable supply chain performance (OSSCP). The current literature has preliminarily explored the concepts of DT and SCI and their relationship with sustainable supply chain performance. However, real empirical evidence of the direct impact of DT and SCI on OSSCP has been missing so far. To fill this gap, data were collected from 134 professionals working in international manufacturing companies operating in Morocco through a questionnaire-based survey from August 2022 to November 2022. A conceptual framework was developed based on DT, SCI, and OSSCP and analyzed by partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with the assistance of SmartPLS 4.0 software. The findings revealed that DT has a significant positive influence on SCI and OSSCP. Furthermore, SCI directly and positively impacts OSSCP with a partial mediation effect on the relationship between DT and OSSCP. Further, this research provides insights for practitioners into enhancing sustainable supply chain performance by adopting digital technologies and integrating SC functions. In particular, this study revealed that DT adoption drives a higher ethical supply chain level from the perspective of sustainability and efficiency in operations. This study is the first to analyze the influence of digital transformation and supply chain integration on sustainable supply chain performance in a manufacturing context.
... Finally, the cultural environment and local populations' knowledge about the realities of modern WtE facilities [72] must also be considered. It is a general opinion of local academics that near St. Petersburg city, the local population has, at least in near history, been against the idea of having WtE plants anywhere near the city, especially their living regions. ...
Currently, most of the municipal solid waste generated in St. Petersburg and Leningrad region is sent straight to landfill. Landfills cause multiple problems, such as CH4 and CO2 emissions, landfill fires, odors, and groundwater pollution. Waste-to-Energy (WtE) incineration is a way to recover the waste\'s energy in the forms of electricity and heat. In this study, a model for estimating the profitability of a WtE incineration plant is presented and applied to the city of St. Petersburg and Leningrad region. Based on the data used, WtE incineration is economically feasible in the area, however changes in estimates impact the economic feasibility, and the changes in the revenues have the highest impact on the outcome.
... Specially the civic technologies have popular in context of management and governance of cities, by augmenting both formal and informal aspects of civic life, government and public services [2]. The up shift in popularity has definitely drawn part of it suggest from global digitalization and sustainability trends [3,4], the new level of awareness in general population against unnecessary waste and improvement in waste processing capabilities of municipalities [5], growth in public -private sector collaboration [6], and miniaturization and quality improvement in IT and sensor technologies [7]. ...
SENSEI is an environmental monitoring initiative run by Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT University) and the municipality of Lappeenranta in south-east Finland. The aim was to collaboratively innovate and co-design, develop and deploy civic technologies with local civics to monitor positive and negative issues. These are planned to improve local’s participation to social governance issues in hand. These issues can be e.g. waste related matters like illegal dumping of waste, small vandalism into city properties, alien plant species, but on the other hand nice places to visits too. This publication presents initiatives data literacy facet overview, which is aimed at creating equitable access to information from open data, which in turn is hoped for to increase participants motivation and entrepreneurship like attitude to work with the municipals and the system. This is done by curating environmental datasets to allow participatory sensemaking via exploration, games and reflection, allowing citizens to combine their collective knowledge about the town with the often-complex data. The ultimate aim of this data literacy process is to enhance collective civic actions for the good of the environment, to reduce the resource burden in the municipality level and help citizens to be part of sustainability and environmental monitoring innovation activities. For further research, we suggest follow up studies to consider on similar activities e.g. in specific age groups and to do comparisons on working with different stage holders to pin point most appropriate methods for any specific focus group towards collaborative innovation and co-design of civic technologies deployment.
... Digitalization should be integrated into each of the product's development stages, even in the new product innovation phase , before the clear plan regarding what product to produce and design, including the environmental feasibility of the business plan (Eskelinen et al., 2017;, and the related circularity , sustainability , emission reduction , and waste minimization (Kilpeläinen & Happonen, 2021). All these items should be taken into consideration. ...
This study is about how digitalization in new product development contributes toward making products less harmful to the environment and enhancing circularity. The method is based on the interpretive approach. The data analysis is through adaptive content analysis. To make products less harmful to society and enhance circularity, the producers and manufacturers should pay attention to the product’s development stage. Digital technologies should be applied in every stage of the product’s development. If developers or producers consider the principles of sustainability and circularity not just towards technology but also in culture and practices, then the output products will promote environmental wellbeing. The underlying models around digitalization, sustainability, and circularity are presented in this study. Current paper contributes significantly to academic literature, calls for further study to build on the foundations established in this study.
... One robot arm is capable of picking 2000 picks per hour. (Kilpeläinen & Happonen, 2021) 3 As the number of devices is growing, data flow needs to grow also. Some estimates have been made that data centre internet protocol (IP) traffic will grow from 6,8 Zettabytes (ZB) in 2016 all the way to 20,6 ZB at the end of 2021. ...
Research is about lifecycle management of IoT devices.
... Even in decisions of investment without any sustainability considerations, investing can include lot of uncertainties (Juraevich et al., 2021) and finding proper / optimal investment level can be challenging (Dogru and Sirakaya-Turk, 2017), adding sustainability in this mix will definitely add completely new layer of challenge to it. Additionally, the rapid development in sustainability technology (Kilpeläinen & Happonen, 2021), realities of operations automatization and digitalization Happonen and Minashkina, 2019) and changes newest trends like Industry 4.0 and artificial intelligence (Ghoreishi and Happonen, 2020;Ghoreishi and Happonen, 2020) add to this mix, will definitely not make things too easy. But if used correctly, sustainability in corporate investment can drive activities to reduce waste, improve raw and virgin material utilization, and improve company productivity. ...
Sustainable investing primarily means the ideology of sustainable investing puts sustainability into the core in investment decisions. Here, the sustainability related issues include e.g. climate change and environmental destruction/protection matters. Sometimes companies are forced to renew their operations and investments to more sustainable direction, as they face legal requirements and have to do it just to stay in business. But in reality, we do not achieve most environmentally friendly investments through political and legal pressure. In generally, the concept of sustainable investments has long been established in professional environments such as insurance companies or institutional investors, but its overall picture is still a bit vague. This vagueness is especially evident, when it comes to private companies' sustainable investments and there is lot of scope to do further research within the matter. This particular research work provides an opportunity to learn, investigate and analyze how private companies and municipalities could aggregate value and exploit their business opportunities when applying financially feasible sustainability practices. A systematic review has been carried out in scientific literature, taking the Sustainable Development Goals promoted by United Nations as the base definition of sustainability. Along with governments and private sector investors, the insights provided by this search may also be of interest to economists and researchers for further research.
In developed countries, companies face constant growing legal enforcement and pressure from governments and local municipalities to become more environmentally friendly. Nowadays, sustainability is a business advantage and a clear competitive edge as an integral part of some front-line companies’ business models too [1-3]. In this complex environment, several options are available for companies to become more sustainable in terms of their services and products, operative actions and business models. For example, this can be achieved by reducing income inequality [99] and minimizing the negative environmental impact [4]. Companies can hire expensive consultants and study step by step guidebooks for making less waste and running their operations more environmentally friendly, or they can innovate and jump new level of sustainable production. In the innovation strategy, different organizations typically do collaborate with higher education institutions, with the goal to acquire and implement new sustainable solution seeds for the business operations. Such collaborations exist in the form of hackathons, code camps and similar events which have been proven to be powerful and successful sources of innovation seeds. The study objective was to map different strategies in hackathon event collaboration to achieve better results in sustainability matters in company – university collaboration relationship. This study is based on published materials and experience-based evidence of successful creation of new business ideas by several companies in Russia, Finland and Estonia. In addition to the gained sustainability in operations, the companies have also minimized energy consumption and reduced own and their customers CO₂ emissions and carbon footprint.
