Fig 4 - uploaded by Moustafa Shaima
Content may be subject to copyright.
Mycelial growth of Gliocladium sp. on PDA at 28ºC in the dark. Images from 1-8 were taken using normal compound microscope. 1-7 gelatinous aggregations of conidia. 8 A conidiophore carries a distinctive sterigmata characteristic of this fungus. Bar 10 µm in the pictures (1) is the same for all images
Source publication
A lot of countries around the world are seeking to strategic storage of large quantities of wheat grain in giant silos for use in the food industry for humans, animals and poultry. Length of the period of transport and storage, which can be exposed to amounts of moisture qualifies them to serious injury of many types of dangerous fungi. Objectives...
Citations
... Despite the plant microbiome being a potential reservoir for human pathogenic microorganisms (Bulgari et al., 2019), few studies take it into account while performing screening procedures during bioprospecting studies. Here, we used erythrocytes as a biological model to identify potential cytotoxic strains, which have been used to identify cytotoxic compounds and pathogenic fungi (Farag and Alagawany, 2018;Moustafa and Abdelzaher, 2016). Our results showed that none of the 5 fungal strains that exhibited antagonistic activity against B. sorokiniana (T. ...
Bipolaris sorokiniana - the causal agent of wheat spot blotch - is an emerging phytopathogenic fungus in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico. At present, its control relies on the use of harmful chemicals, partly due to the lack of effective alternatives. Thus, this work aimed to identify and characterize indigenous wheat-associated fungal strains with biocontrol capacity against B. sorokiniana that can be integrated into control strategies for spot blotch management. Out of 59 fungal strains evaluated, we identified 5 strains with antagonistic activity against B. sorokiniana by dual confrontation assay, and these were taxonomically assigned as Trichoderma harzianum sensu lato (strains TSM39 and TSO39), Aspergillus terreus (strains TRQ89 and TRQ93), and Aspergillus nidulans (strain TRQ83) based on phylogenetic analysis using the ITS region of the rRNA cistron. Trichoderma harzianum TSM39 showed interesting biological control traits (i.e., strong antagonistic activity, high growth rate, non-cytotoxicity) and its application to wheat plants - under highly conducive conditions for spot blotch outbreak- resulted in a significant reduction of disease severity. In vitro experiments revealed that the chitinolytic system of strain TSM39 responds to B. sorokiniana lysates (signals), which could have potential biotechnological applications to improve its biocontrol activity. Additionally, a solid-state fermentation system was successfully established for spore production of strain TSM39. Taken together, Trichoderma harzianum sensu lato TSM39 is a biocontrol agent against B. sorokiniana with the potential to be integrated into spot blotch management strategies and contribute to the sustainability of the region.
... It is worth noting that the presence of these fungi is a health hazard due to the ability of them to cause allergies and some skin diseases for humans and animals. Because the hair of the head is close to the respiratory tract in humans, this increases the chance that the fungi germs can enter the lungs of children, causing respiratory-like diseases (Moustafa and Abdelzaher, 2016). ...
Vegetable oils are the subject of several studies considering their importance as biological properties. Chemical composition of plants oil depends on the plant family in which they were extracted. The study here deals with analysis of chemical composition of the extract obtained from seeds of Mesembryanthemum forsskalii naturally grown in the region of AlJouf located in the northern part of Saudi Arabia. Examination of anti-oxidant and anti-fungal properties of seeds oil extract was determined. Results showed that this extract contained 23 chemical elements with good amounts of phytosterols (35%). In addition, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH test which showed good activity and a value of IC 50 = 3.43 ± 0.19 mg/mL. For the determination of the antifungal activity, 11 fungal species belonging to 7 genera were isolated from children hairs. Aspergillus carneus and Penicillium chrysogenium were the most frequent fungi (32.45, 25.41%), respectively, whereas the appearance of Penicillium chrysogenium and Fusarium oxysporum were found to be (17.67 and 12.33%), respectively. Results showed that the percentage of boys infested hair by fungi was higher than that of girls with a percentage 70.85 and 55.62%, respectively. Antifungal activity of ethanolic seeds extract was carried out on the isolated non-dermatophytes keratinophilic fungi. It was found that the fungi of Penicillium chrysogenium and Aspergillus. fumigatus were inhibited by seeds oil extract with 88% followed by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus carneus with 85% of inhibition and the rest of the isolated fungi were inhibited between 60 and 75%. Based on these encouraging results, seeds oil extract of M. forskalii can be interesting for food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries.
... One ml of the suspension of this water in the bottles (mentioned above) was placed in a sterile petri dish (9cm), on which 15ml of the medium was poured (just before the solidification) suitable for growth of fungi and containing an inhibitor for bacterial growth (Rose Bengal-PDA), under aseptic conditions, next to the flame in the isolation cabinet, and left until it solidifies. 7 Dishes were placed upside down, after being sealed with parafilm, in the incubator at 28°C for 7days. After appearance of the fungal colonies, each colony (containing one fungal species) was transferred to a petri dish containing a sterile PDA medium (without rose-bangal), then the dishes were incubated again at 28ºC for 7days. ...
... Twenty samples of wheat grains stored in the large silo in Sakaka were tested for the presence of fungi (part of this work has been reported elsewhere [7]). This was done by placing a known quantity of wheat in a botle of sterile water next to the sampling area, taking care to ensure that one source of fungus (wheat grains) reaches the collection container. ...
... In the case of emergence of colonies in a variety of dishes, each colony (containing one Time course of production of PG using Czapek Dox medium amended with pectin as carbon source for A. alternata, P. italicum and R. stolonifer at 28 ºC in the dark. All the data are the mean of three replications and Bar on each column represents the standard deviation fungal type) is transferred in a process called purification, to a Petri dish containing a sterilized PDA, and incubated at 27°C for 7 days, or till appearance of the fungal growth 18 . ...
... tested fungal isolates Isolate JU366 of Alternaria alternata, isolate JU466 of Penicillium italicum and isolate JU466 of Rhizopus stolonifer were used in this work. All of them were maintained on PDA medium 18 . ...
This study was designed to identify some fungi responsible for damage of fruits in
storage and sale outlet markets. Results declared the role of CMC-ase and poly galacturonase
(PG) enzymes secreted by three fungi of Alternaria alternata, Penicillium italicum and
Rhizopus stolonifer in decomposition of tomato, lemon and cucumber fruits at the grocery
markets in Sakaka, Saudi Arabia. CMC-ase and PG were produced after 2 days for P. italicum,
R. stolonifer whereas very little quantity was detected for A. alternata. Maximum CMC-ase
and PG production were seen after 8-10 days of incubation at 28ºC. Enzyme production started
at a temperature of 5°C but in small quantities, then the production began to increase steadily
until the temperature of 28°C, which produced the highest amount of enzymes. The production
began to decline starting at 35ºC to be at the lowest rates at 40ºC. Enzymes were produced at
pH values of 4.5-9.5, with optima between 5.5-6.5 for the three tested fungi. Acidic medium of
pH 4.5, and alkaline medium (above pH 6.5) affected negatively on the production of enzymes,
and this effect was more evident in the exo CMC-ase and exo PG than in endo enzymes. Results
showed that the mixture of menthol crystals & Eucalyptus oil & camphor & methyl salicylate
oil-rich air inhibited growth of R. stolonifer and A. alternata by 100% and inhibited the growth
of P. italicum by approximately 50%, compared to the control sample. Camphor and mint
oils gave negative effect. Application of devices to emit the odor and quench this mixture of
menthol crystals & Eucalyptus oil & camphor & methyl salicylate to fumigate the air of stores
and outlets for selling vegetables and fruits are recommended.
