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Multivariate analysis including the occupational status as sole explanatory variable adjusted on age and gender
Source publication
Background
Employment conditions are associated with health inequities. In 2013, French young people had the highest unemployment rate and among those who worked as salaried workers most of them had temporary job. The purpose of the study was to assess mental health state of French young people through the prism of their occupational status and to...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... young people who worked, those in specific employment contract, de- clared poor self-perceived health more often, suicide at- tempts, tobacco use and reported being the victim of psychological violence more often than those who had per- manent job. Young people at school or at secondary school were less addicted to tobacco, alcohol and marijuana than those who had permanent job (Tables 2 and 3). ...
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Citations
... The other astonishing finding of this study was that the educational status of being able to read and write and above was significantly associated with psychological distress as compared to being unable to write. This is contrary to the idea that educational status is directly related to better mental health [49,50]. The possible justification could be that those experiencing terrible news are at risk of mental illness because people able to read and write and those with primary education and above are near social media and fortune to get such awful news. ...
Background Civilian war and internal conflicts increase the incidences of mental health conditions among war survivors. It is crucial to assess war-related psychological consequences in war-affected areas in Ethiopia to intervene in the future. Thus, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of psychological distress and associated factors of psychological distress among war survivor women in Northern, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted, and 1596 war survivor women were recruited to participate using a face-to-face interviews with a census sampling technique from May 1-30, 2022. The psychological distress was assessed using a Kessler psychological distress scale (K10). Bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression analyses were used, and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 in the multivariable analyses were considered statistically significant. Result In this study, the response rate was 100% and the prevalence of psychological distress was 44.90% at a 95% CI: (42.40, 47.40). Psychological distress was significantly associated with the education of ability to read and write (AOR = 2.92; 95% CI: 2.12, 4.01), primary education and above (AOR = 3.08; 95% CI: 2.09, 4.54), housewife (AOR = 5.07; 95%CI: 2.64, 9.74), farmer (AOR = 8.92; 95%CI: 4.03, 19.70), emotional violence (AOR = 1.52; 95%CI: 1.05, 2.18), physical violence (AOR = 3.85; 95%CI: 2.37, 6.26) and sexual violence (AOR = 3.25; 95%CI: 1.98, 5.33) whereas being separate was protective for psychological distress (AOR = 0.38; 95%CI: 0.16, 0.92). Conclusion The prevalence of psychological distress was found to be high. Therefore, women who are housewives, married, farmers, educated, and who have experienced violence must be the focus of governmental and private collaborative interventions to prevent war-related psychological morbidity and mortality. Magnitude of psychological distress and associated factors among war survivor women in Northern, Ethiopia, 2022: a community-based cross-sectional survey
... The other astonishing finding of this study was that the educational status of being able to read and write and above was significantly associated with psychological distress as compared to being unable to write. This is contrary to the idea that educational status is directly related to better mental health [49,50]. The possible justification could be that those experiencing terrible news are at risk of mental illness because people able to read and write and those with primary education and above are near social media and fortune to get such awful news. ...
Background
Civilian war and internal conflicts increase the incidences of mental health conditions among war survivors. It is crucial to assess war-related psychological consequences in war-affected areas in Ethiopia to intervene in the future. Thus, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of psychological distress and associated factors of psychological distress among war survivor women in Northern, Ethiopia.
Methods
A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted, and 1596 war survivor women were recruited to participate using a face-to-face interviews with a census sampling technique from May 1–30, 2022. The psychological distress was assessed using a Kessler psychological distress scale (K10). Bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression analyses were used, and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 in the multivariable analyses were considered statistically significant.
Result
In this study, the response rate was 100% and the prevalence of psychological distress was 44.90% at a 95% CI: (42.40, 47.40). Psychological distress was significantly associated with the education of ability to read and write (AOR = 2.92; 95% CI: 2.12, 4.01), primary education and above (AOR = 3.08; 95% CI: 2.09, 4.54), housewife (AOR = 5.07; 95%CI: 2.64, 9.74), farmer (AOR = 8.92; 95%CI: 4.03, 19.70), emotional violence (AOR = 1.52; 95%CI: 1.05, 2.18), physical violence (AOR = 3.85; 95%CI: 2.37, 6.26) and sexual violence (AOR = 3.25; 95%CI: 1.98, 5.33) whereas being separate was protective for psychological distress (AOR = 0.38; 95%CI: 0.16, 0.92).
Conclusion
The prevalence of psychological distress was found to be high. Therefore, women who are housewives, married, farmers, educated, and who have experienced violence must be the focus of governmental and private collaborative interventions to prevent war-related psychological morbidity and mortality.
... Additionally, schools provide a secure environment for personal growth and development, the results of which can have an impact on both short-and long-term mental health [31]. A further socio-economic factor is the occupational status, with people not at work and not studying reporting greater vulnerability [32,33]. Moreover, unemployment, precarious employment and poor employment conditions continue to be routinely linked to increased psychological distress [25,26], with a higher impact on men's mental health than on women's [34]. ...
Ensuring the health and well-being of workers should be a top priority for employers and governments. The aim of the article is to evaluate and rank the importance of mental health determinants: lifestyle, demographic factors and socio-economic status. The research study is based on EHIS 2013–2015 data for a sample of N = 140,791 employees from 30 European countries. The results obtained using machine learning techniques such as gradient-boosted trees and SHAPley values show that the mental health of European employees is strongly determined by the BMI, age and social support from close people. The next vital features are alcohol consumption, an unmet need for health care and sports activity, followed by the affordability of medicine or treatment, income and occupation. The wide range of variables clearly indicates that there is an important role for governments to play in order to minimize the risk of mental disorders across various socio-economic groups. It is also a signal for businesses to help boost the mental health of their employees by creating holistic, mentally friendly working conditions, such as offering time-management training, implementing morning briefings, offering quiet areas, making employees feel valued, educating them about depression and burnout symptoms, and promoting a healthy lifestyle.
... Psychosocial and mental health literature makes clear that SDOH also affect psychological and mental health outcomes and can disproportionately affect individuals from marginalized backgrounds (9). For example, discrimination related to race/ethnicity, immigrant status, and occupational status contributes to poorer mental health (10)(11)(12). However, only a few published studies have focused on ways to address SDOH in the psychosocial care of people with diabetes to promote equitable psychological and mental health outcomes. ...
The role of social determinants of health (SDOH) in promoting equity in diabetes prevalence, incidence, and outcomes continues to be documented in the literature. Less attention has focused on disparities in psychosocial aspects of living with diabetes and the role of SDOH in promoting equity in psychosocial outcomes and care. In this review, the authors describe racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in psychosocial aspects of living with diabetes, discuss promising approaches to promote equity in psychosocial care, and provide future research directions.
... The studies and reasons for exclusion can be seen in Appendix 3. Nine studies were identified for inclusion in the systematic review and are detailed in Table 1. Of the nine studies, four were related to employment conditions, capturing contract type and working hours [34][35][36][37]. The five remaining studies captured concepts relevant to psychosocial workplace exposures including workplace sexual harassment [38,39], psychosocial job quality [40], work stressors [41], and job control [42]. ...
... Three of the nine studies used data from the United States [38,39,41]. Of the remaining six, one was from France [34], one from Canada [35], one from Turkey [36], one from Egypt [37], one from Australia [40], and one from Denmark. [42] Three studies used a cross-sectional design [34,36,38], while the remaining six used prospective cohorts and employed a longitudinal design. ...
... Of the remaining six, one was from France [34], one from Canada [35], one from Turkey [36], one from Egypt [37], one from Australia [40], and one from Denmark. [42] Three studies used a cross-sectional design [34,36,38], while the remaining six used prospective cohorts and employed a longitudinal design. [35,37,[39][40][41][42] Descriptive information related to the studies is shown in Table 1. ...
PurposeTo assess the quality of the research about how employment conditions and psychosocial workplace exposures impact the mental health of young workers, and to summarize the available evidence.Methods
We undertook a systematic search of three databases using a tiered search strategy. Studies were included if they: (a) assessed employment conditions such as working hours, precarious employment, contract type, insecurity, and flexible work, or psychosocial workplace exposures such as violence, harassment and bullying, social support, job demand and control, effort-reward imbalance, and organizational justice; (b) included a validated mental health measure; and (c) presented results specific to young people aged ≤ 30 years or were stratified by age group to provide an estimate for young people aged ≤ 30 years. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Exposures (ROBINS-E) tool.ResultsNine studies were included in the review. Four were related to employment conditions, capturing contract type and working hours. Five studies captured concepts relevant to psychosocial workplace exposures including workplace sexual harassment, psychosocial job quality, work stressors, and job control. The quality of the included studies was generally low, with six of the nine at serious risk of bias. Three studies at moderate risk of bias were included in the qualitative synthesis, and results of these showed contemporaneous exposure to sexual harassment and poor psychosocial job quality was associated with poorer mental health outcomes among young workers. Longitudinal evidence showed that exposure to low job control was associated with incident depression diagnosis among young workers.Conclusions
The findings of this review illustrate that even better studies are at moderate risk of bias. Addressing issues related to confounding, selection of participants, measurement of exposures and outcomes, and missing data will improve the quality of future research in this area and lead to a clearer understanding of how employment conditions and psychosocial workplace exposures impact the mental health of young people. Generating high-quality evidence is particularly critical given the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on young people’s employment. In preparing for a post-pandemic world where poor-quality employment conditions and exposure to psychosocial workplace exposures may become more prevalent, rigorous research must exist to inform policy to protect the mental health of young workers.
... However, we agree with a recommendation of Lin, Zhang, Chen, and Ling [15] study stating that social activities to facilitate employment and creating generalized trust within social environments should be promoted. In addition, French young people having a non-working occupational status or a non-permanent working status were more exposed to poor self-perceived health, poor mental health, addictions and violence [1], where they used the stepwise forward logistic regression. ...
Many researchers have studied socioeconomic, health, and security variables in the developed countries; however, very few studies used multivariate analysis in developing countries. The current study contributes to the scarce literature about the determinants of the variance in socioeconomic, health, and security factors. Questions raised were whether the independent variables (IVs) of governorate and year impact the socioeconomic, health, and security dependent variables (DVs) in Jordan, whether the marginal mean of each DV in each governorate and in each year is significant, which governorates are similar in difference means of each DV, and whether these DVs vary. The main objectives were to determine the source of variances in DVs, collectively and separately, testing which governorates are similar and which diverge for each DV. The research design was time series and cross-sectional analysis. The main hypotheses are that IVs affect DVs collectively and separately. We carried out Multivariate and univariate analyses of variance to test these hypotheses. The population of 12 governorates in Jordan and the available data of 15 years (2000-2015) accrued from several Jordanian statistical yearbooks. We investigated the effect of two factors of governorate and year on the four DVs of divorce, mortality, unemployment, and crime. We used the rate of divorce, mortality, and crime, and the percentage of unemployment in the analyses. We transformed all DVs to multivariate normal distribution. We calculated descriptive statistics for each DV in each governorate and each year. We provided visual and numerical inspection of how each DV changed over time in each governorate compared with DV change in other governorates. Based on the multivariate analysis of variance, we found a significant effect in IVs on DVs with p < .001. Based on the univariate analysis, we found a significant effect of IVs on each DV with p < .001, except the effect of the year factor on unemployment was not significant with p < .642. The grand and marginal means of each DV in each governorate and each year were significant based on a 95% confidence interval. Most governorates are not similar in DVs with p < .001. We concluded that the two factors produce significant effects on DVs, collectively and separately. Based on these findings, the government can distribute its financial and physical resources to governorates more efficiently. By identifying the sources of variance that contribute to the variation in DVs, insights can help inform focused variation prevention efforts.
Objectives
Unemployment is an economic and social phenomenon that has economic, social, personal, and health consequences. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between unemployment and alcohol use and smoking as a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Method
The two databases PubMed and Scopus were selected for the search and using a set of keywords, these two sources of scientific information were searched from 2004 to June 2021 and 1996 until June 2021, respectively. To meta-analyze the relationship between unemployment and smoking and alcohol use, odds ratio and confidence interval were calculated for this relationship. The meta-analysis was performed based on a random-effects. Subgroups were also performed for men and women. Heterogeneity in studies as well as publication bias were also examined.
Result
A total of 52 cross-sectional and cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the relationship between unemployment and alcohol use, the odds ratio was 1.25 and the confidence interval was between 1.12 and 1.41. In the relationship between unemployment and smoking, the odds ratio was 1.43 and the confidence interval was between 1.13 and 1.81.
Discussion
According to the results, it can be said that unemployment increases the likelihood of alcohol use and smoking. Therefore, policymakers must pay more attention to the health consequences of economic problems, especially unemployment.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to analyse the extent to which research and knowledge production on a key occupational health issue—the impact of precarious employment on health—incorporates, and is sensitive to, a gender perspective.
Methods
A systematic literature review was carried out to identify studies that analysed the relationship between precarious employment and mental health in the period January 2010–May 2018 through. A minimum of two independent reviewers assessed each article for quality and eligibility. A checklist was used to determine whether the articles included in the review incorporated a gender perspective.
Results
The search retrieved 1522 papers, of which 54 (corresponding to 53 studies) met the inclusion criteria. Of these 54 papers, 22 (40.7%) stratified the analyses by sex. Only 5.4% of the total of articles both stratified by sex and considered variables of household composition and marital status, while only 33.3% incorporated an intersectional perspective. None considered the distribution of domestic work and only a quarter (25.9%) approached the study and interpreted the results in terms of gender.
Conclusion
Too few studies researching paid work and health include a gender perspective. This omission necessarily implies a biased interpretation of the reality of precarious employment and its impact on health.
