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Abstract— In the first part of this study, the basic concepts of forensic phonetics such as voice, speech, and voice track are explained. In the second part; visual and auditory montage detection methods used in forensic phonetics, one of the lower branches of digital forensics, were examined. The most frequently used visual and auditory analysis m...
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... The acoustic method uses the spectrogram to analyze the waves produced at the moment of vocal emission, allowing quantitative analysis 9 . The evaluation by acoustic parameter must be standardized, since this analysis provides a number 10 , which facilitates analysis, comparisons and storage of measurements. ...
... The spectrogram generated in this method is a three-dimensional graph that records the acoustic measurement of the sound wave. It contains information related to sound parameters, i.e., intensity, duration and frequency (time on the horizontal axis, frequency in Hertz on the vertical axis and intensity in Decibel by the color 9 . ...
Purpose: to verify contributions of acoustic spectrographic analysis in the forensic identification of speakers with auditorily similar voices, considering the distinctive behavior of acoustic parameters: formants of vowel “é”, of connected speech, mean fundamental frequency in Hz, linear prediction curve of vowel “é” and linear prediction curve area; and to propose an objective method to use the analyzed parameters. Methods: a quantitative, qualitative and descriptive study, conducted in Pernambuco on 16 pairs of male siblings, aged 18-60 years. The subjects recorded videos from which the audios were extracted, numbered and sent to three examiners, in two groups: older brothers and younger brothers, for perceptual-auditory pairing. The correct pairings, indicated by at least two examiners, were submitted to acoustic analysis. The statistical tests included Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni, with p<0.05. Results: the results of analyses of formants and the mean fundamental frequency were not enough to distinguish similar voices. Unprecedentedly, in the measurements of areas generated by the linear prediction curve graphs, a distinctive statistical significance was observed. Conclusion: it was concluded that, among the parameters studied, the measurements of areas of the linear prediction curve objectively indicated effectiveness in distinguishing speakers with auditorily similar voices.
... O método acústico é aquele que utiliza o espectrograma para analisar as ondas produzidas no momento da emissão vocal, permitindo uma análise quantitativa 9 . A avaliação por parâmetro acústico é importante de ser padronizada, uma vez que essa análise fornece um número 10 , o que facilita análises, comparações e armazenamento de medidas. ...
... O espectrograma gerado neste método é um gráfico tridimensional que registra a mensuração acústica da onda sonora. Ele contém informações relativas aos parâmetros do som, ou seja, intensidade, duração e frequência (tempo no eixo horizontal, frequência em Hertz no eixo vertical e intensidade em Decibel por meio do grau de coloração 9 . ...
RESUMO Objetivo: verificar contribuições da análise espectrográfica acústica na identificação forense de falantes em vozes auditivamente semelhantes, considerando o comportamento distintivo dos parâmetros acústicos: formantes da vogal “é”, da fala encadeada, média da frequência fundamental em Hz, curva de predição linear da vogal “é” e área da curva de predição linear; propor um método objetivo da utilização dos parâmetros analisados. Métodos: estudo quantitativo, qualitativo e descritivo, realizado em Pernambuco com 16 pares de irmãos do sexo masculino, entre 18-60 anos. Os sujeitos gravaram vídeos de onde extraíram-se os áudios que foram numerados e enviados a três avaliadores, em dois grupos: dos irmãos mais velhos e dos irmãos mais novos, para pareamento perceptivo-auditivo. Os pareamentos corretos, apontados por pelo menos dois avaliadores, foram submetidos à análise acústica. Os testes estatísticos foram Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, Bonferroni, com p<0,05. Resultados: os resultados das análises dos formantes e da média da frequência fundamental não foram suficientes para distinguir as vozes semelhantes. Ineditamente nas medidas das áreas geradas pelos gráficos da curva de predição linear, foi verificada significância estatística distintiva. Conclusão: concluiu-se que entre os parâmetros estudados, as medidas das áreas da curva de predição linear apontaram, objetivamente, eficácia na distinção de falantes com vozes auditivamente semelhantes.
... Speaker identification solutions from large volumes of audio data and objection detection and identification solutions from bulks of image and video data need to be designed and improved. For example, an investigator might be interested in observing videos containing a specific type of weapon or in observing people of a VOLUME 4, 2016 particular age group or gender [150]. Digital Forensic Ontologies: The standardization of digital forensic ontologies is another significant future research challenge in this field because most of the frameworks and techniques used in the existing research literature apply custom applications and domains. ...
With the alarmingly increasing rate of cybercrimes worldwide, there is a dire need to combat cybercrimes timely and effectively. Cyberattacks on computing machines leave certain artifacts on target device storage that can reveal the identity and behavior of cyber-criminals if processed and analyzed intelligently. Forensic agencies and law enforcement departments use several digital forensic toolkits, both commercial and open-source, to examine digital evidence. The proposed research survey focuses on identifying the current state-of-the-art digital forensics concepts in existing research, sheds light on research gaps, presents a detailed introduction of different computer forensic domains and forensic toolkits used for computer forensics in the current era. The proposed survey also presents a comparative analysis based on the tool’s characteristics to facilitate investigators in tool selection during the forensics process. Finally, the proposed survey identifies and derives current challenges and future research directions in computer forensics.
... Various parameters taken into consideration, includes: The parameters discussed above play a major role, during the analysis of the questioned voice sample, in order to find its authenticity. To improve test results, use of FTIR is considered a better alternative as compared to praat and other techniques used for analysis [2][3][4]. ...
... Masingmasing individu memiliki pitch yang khas dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh aspek fisiologis laring manusia [10]. Pitch merupakan tinggi rendah nada dalam suatu bunyi.Pada suara manusia, pitch dihasilkan oleh frekuensi getar yang disebut frekuensi dasar yang memiliki notasi 0 [11]. ...
... Formant adalah frekuensifrekuensi resonansi dari filter,yaitu vocal tract (articulator) yang meneruskan dan menyaring bunyi periodik dari getarnya pita suara menjadi bunyi output katakata. Formant merupakan suatu energi frekuensi tertinggi pada suara [10]. Frekuensi formant bersifat tidak ISSN 2085-4552 terbatas,tetapi untuk mengidentifikasi suara seseorang terdapat empat formant yang dianalisa yaitu : - ...
... Pada kasus pemalsuan suara pelaku akan mengubah suara dengan teknik pitch shift. Fungsi dari formant bandwidth inilah yang dapat mengidentifikasi suara aslinya [10]. Spektogram juga dikeenal dengan istilah voice fingerprint karena memiliki halhal yang bersifat detil di dalamnya. . ...
Audio forensik merupakan cabang ilmu digital forensik dengan metode ilmiah berupa proses penganalisaan data yang digunakan untuk menyelidiki dan membangun fakta – fakta di persidangan. Subyek suara dapat menunjukkan identitas seseorang melalui metode voice identification dengan teknik komparasi data. Jika hasilnya identik dengan suara pelaku maka barang bukti rekaman suara dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu penegakkan hukum di pengadilan. Perbandingan data suara, dilakukan melalui analisis statistik pitch, formant, bandwitdh, spektogram dan likelihood ratio untuk mendapatkan data kuantitatif dan data visual dari subyek suara yang di investigasi. Audio forensik menggunakan dua metode utama untuk menganalisa keaslian barang bukti rekaman suara yaitu metode analisis formant bandwidth dan metode analisis likelihood ratio. Analisis formant bandwidth menggunakan metode Anova. Selain menggunakan metode Anova, analisis dengan metode likelihood ratio dilakukan untuk menentukan nilai skor rekaman suara. Penggunaan analisis ini merupakan metode yang dapat membantu dalam menentukan identik atau tidaknya suatu rekaman barang bukti . Sehingga dapat menjadi tolak ukur keakuratan analisis formant bandwidth yang memiliki tingkat kebenaran 95%.
... The aim is to detect identity or fiction by obtaining information such as ambient characteristics, distance to the microphone, emotional state of the speaker, information about the record device, file formats, background sounds and ENF (Electrical Network Frequency) comparison, phase continuity [2] [3] [4]. Some of these operations can be done manually (Adobe Audition, AudaCity, Praat) or automatically (Verint Systems, Auraya System, NICE, Nuance Communications, SESTEK, TradeHarbor, ValidSoft) [5]. ...
... Auditory analysis is performed by a specialist using headphones or in a sound-proof ambiance without the use of headphones, and anomalies in the recording are detected. Speaking style, speech errors, speaking speed, breathing comfort, sound intensity, mental status, jargon, voice timbre, speech irregularities are analyzed for montage detection [5] [11] [12]. Sound recordings can be filtered and applied to various processes to optimize the analysis. ...
... Also noise-speech / harmony ratio (NHR), jitter, shimmer methods can be used for detection anomalies in a file [5]. ...
