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![Motor performance abilities [30]. AE = aerobic endurance; AnE = anaerobic endurance; ME = muscular endurance; MS = maximum strength; SS = speed strength; AV = action velocity; SR = speed of response; CT = coordination under time pressure; CP = coordination with precision demands; F = flexibility.](publication/353743761/figure/fig1/AS:1053987482640384@1628301606051/Motor-performance-abilities-30-AE-aerobic-endurance-AnE-anaerobic-endurance-ME.png)
Motor performance abilities [30]. AE = aerobic endurance; AnE = anaerobic endurance; ME = muscular endurance; MS = maximum strength; SS = speed strength; AV = action velocity; SR = speed of response; CT = coordination under time pressure; CP = coordination with precision demands; F = flexibility.
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![Figure 1. Motor performance abilities [30]. AE = aerobic endurance; AnE...](publication/353743761/figure/fig1/AS:1053987482640384@1628301606051/Motor-performance-abilities-30-AE-aerobic-endurance-AnE-anaerobic-endurance-ME_Q320.jpg)
Physical fitness is an indicator for children’s public health status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the construct validity and the criterion-related validity of the German motor test (GMT) in Egyptian schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 931 children aged 6 to 11 years (age: 9.1 ± 1.7 years) with 4...
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... It was found that the correlation is equal to r = 0.437, which means that the relationship is positively moderate. Moreover the participants' scores fell within the correct range of the IELTS bands which confirms the criterion validity coefficient as acceptable for most of the test items (Abdelkarim et al. 2021). Hence, it can be safely concluded that the concurrent validity has demonstrated favorable measures between the PT and the IELTS test (Fink 2010). ...
Although placing students in the appropriate proficiency levels of post-secondary English programs is crucial for optimal learning, the evaluation of placement tests (PTs) in terms of establishing their reliability and validity is relatively under-researched. This study assesses the validity, reliability, and effectiveness of an in-house online PT. The content validity was established through the internal and external moderation of the question papers and answer keys while criterion-related concurrent validity was established via IELTS benchmarking. New Student Survey was used to investigate the face validity. The internal consistency and reliability of the reading test items were measured using Cronbach’s alpha while descriptive statistics were calculated for the listening test. Paired sample t-test (dependent t-test) was used to assess the inter-rater reliability of the speaking and writing tests which were double-marked. The data analysis revealed that the PT was effective in placing students at different levels of the foundation program (FP) and the statistical analyses conducted to test the reliability and validity showed positive results for most of the test versions. The study offers useful insights to test developers and policymakers regarding the authentication of in-house tests and the creation of guidelines for PT design and evaluation.
... 5,49 Although there are contradictions on how BMI is viewed in developed countries as compared to middle and low-income countries, high BMI remains an indicator of physical inactivity. In contrast with the expectations in developed countries, 51 this study has established that school learners (especially girls) with a higher BMI were able to do more sit and reach reps, which are a measure of flexibility. ...
Background: There is a lack of literature regarding the relationship that exists between body composition and physical fitness amongst primary school learners in South Africa. For the sake of public health purposes, it is important to investigate how body composition relates to physical fitness amongst primary school learners in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.
Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between body composition and physical fitness amongst South African primary school children.
Setting: The study was conducted on a cohort of primary school learners in the Eastern Cape province, which is a predominantly rural province in South Africa.
Methods: A school-based cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst 870 primary schoolchildren aged 9–14 years. Body composition and physical fitness measurements were measured and recorded using standardised measurement scales.
Results: Of the 870 participants, 40.34% (n = 351) were boys and 59.66% (n = 519) were girls. The mean age of the participants was 11.04 ± 1.50 years. Boys had a significantly (p = 0.002) higher mean age (11.24 ±1.51 years) as compared to girls (10.91 ± 1.48 years). The results of the non-parametric Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients revealed several significant and negative relationships between physical fitness and body composition measurements, which were stronger in girls than in boys.
Conclusion: The findings call for public health authorities and other relevant policymakers to initiate the development and implementation of policies and interventions targeted at encouraging physical activity participation and healthy lifestyle amongst primary school learners in South Africa, especially amongst girls.
Contribution: The study findings supports a relatively rich literature which suggests that girls are more flexible than boys and that negative relationships between body composition measurements and physical fitness characteristics exists, which are stronger in girls than in boys.
... Upon the completion of anthropometric measurements, participants completed the German Motor Test (DMT6-18) [35], which has been shown to provide valid and reliable information on physical fitness in children and adolescents [35,36]. The DMT6-18 consists of eight test items that assess cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength, power, speed and agility, and balance and flexibility. ...
Physical fitness and body weight are key correlates of health. Nevertheless, an increasing
number of children display poor physical fitness and high body weight. The aim of this study was to examine the prospective association of physical fitness with body weight throughout the elementary school years with a special emphasis on children with high body weight or poor physical fitness at baseline. A total of 303 Austrian children (55.1% male) completed the German motor test up to eight times over a 4-year time span (between the ages 6 and 10 years). Physical fitness did not differ across quartiles of body weight at baseline. A more pronounced weight gain, however, was associated with an impaired development of physical fitness and this association was more pronounced in children with higher baseline body weight. In addition, the detrimental effects of an impaired development of physical fitness on subsequent body weight were more pronounced in children with higher baseline body weight. No differences in the longitudinal association between body weight and physical fitness, on the other hand, were observed across quartiles of baseline fitness. These results emphasize the importance of the promotion of physical fitness, particularly in children with increased body weight, to ensure future health.
Growing evidence indicates that culture and education can influence cognitive constructs. Studies targeting Western and Asian populations have shown a positive relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive control in children; however, this association has yet to be explored in the Arab world. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between aerobic fitness and attentional networks in Egyptian preadolescent children. In total, 103 preadolescent children (9.76 ± 0.11) completed an assessment of aerobic fitness using a 6-min running test and a computerized attention network test that allowed for assessing alerting, orienting, and executive networks. The results revealed that higher aerobic fitness was associated with shorter response time and higher response accuracy in a more cognitively demanding task condition (i.e., incongruent trials). Furthermore, higher aerobic fitness was associated with a more efficient executive network. No associations were observed for alerting and orienting networks. These findings corroborate growing evidence indicating the importance of aerobic fitness for cognitive development and extend the literature by suggesting that the positive association between aerobic fitness and cognitive control might be generalized to the Arab population and not significantly change across cultures.
Çocukların motor performans gelişimlerini ortaya koymak ve bu gelişimleri hızlandırmak için erken yaşlardan itibaren motor performanslarının belirlenmesi son derece önemlidir. Bunun için motor performans testleri bulunmaktadır. Erken yaşlardan itibaren çocukların motor performans durumunu tespit etmek ve çocukları yetenekleri doğrultusunda yönlendirebilmek için çok faktörlü yaklaşımlara duyulan ihtiyaç nedeniyle, çağdaş test bataryalarında motor yeterlilik değerlendirmeleri giderek daha yaygın hale gelmektedir. Bu sistematik derleme çalışmasının amacı, motor performans değerlendirme aracı olan Deutscher Motorik Testi’nin (DMT) performans yolunda kullanımına ilişkin literatürü incelemek ve bu tür programlarda kullanılabilirliğini değerlendirmektir. Bu sistematik derlemede, DMT’ nin en az bir bileşenini kullanan çalışmalar üç elektronik veri tabanında (PubMed, Google Scholar ve Web of Science) taranmıştır. İncelemeye toplamda 26 makale dahil edilmiştir. Bu sistematik inceleme sonucunda, literatürde DMT’nin farklı coğrafyalarda, farklı spor disiplinlerinde ve farklı yaş kategorilerinde kullanıldığını, geniş yaş kategorisinde performans ölçümü ayrımını başarılı bir biçimde ortaya koyduğunu ve yapılan çalışmaların çoğunun boylamsal çalışma olması sebebi ile sonuçlarının performans ölçümü açısından önemli bir veri oluşturduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
