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Motivation Example of E-learning System Web Server Database Server
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Nowadays, a lot of research involves in the area of e-learning with service-oriented architecture. In e-learning systems, the challenges are increase of the complexity and more interoperability between systems in distributed environment. The lacking is reference architecture in which by reusing web services, reusing learning objects and semantics,...
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An accessible from WEB e-Learning hypermedia system is proposed on the base of a tool for development of course content. The content is developed in XML, it is kept in native XML databases and its diffusion is made with the help of WEB services. This choice makes possible the interoperability of heterogeneous computer systems and the easy control o...
Citations
... A literature study about reference architectures O'Droma et al., 2003;Palanivel and Kuppuswami, 2011;Arch-int et al., 2005;Habraken, 2008;Angelov and Grefen, 2008) shows that the eSourcing Reference Architecture (eSRA) ( ) is the most extendable to different standards and concrete architectures. eSRA is a general reference architecture that is adaptable to different e-sourcing businesses in a business collaboration, and also adaptable to elearning architectures based on NRENs. ...
Reference architectures are abstract models that provide a guidance for developing
a concrete software architecture. They reduce development costs, maintenance costs
and increase the reliability and the product quality of systems. Reference
architectures enhance the interoperability by establishing a standard solution and
common mechanisms for information exchange. Currently, academic publications
do not focus sufficiently on using reference architectures to develop national e-learning infrastructures. E-learning architectures that rely on public networks and
public cloud computing are vulnerable to different attacks. While national research
and educational networks (NRENs) constitute an existing infrastructure for the
implementation of national e-learning systems, e-learning reference architecture
based on an NREN infrastructure does not yet exist to provide services for
organizations whose policy, strategy, vision and mission overlap. For the
implementation of an e-learning system, we consider high quality attributes
including usability, interoperability, integrability and security. A reference
architecture is required that provides guidance for the collaboration between
national educational organization infrastructures.
Current e-learning systems, including traditional and cloud-based, focus on the
application, the access mechanism, learning management tools, and e-learning data
repositories. However, scalability, maintenance, integrability, and interoperability
are the limitations of traditional e-learning systems, and security, ownership,
integrability, modifiability and interoperability are also the shortcomings of the elearning systems based on cloud computing. This research tackles the creation of a
reference architecture for e-learning based on NREN infrastructures. We design a
standard architecture for the collaboration of NRENs and for the Afghanistan
Research and Education Network (AfgREN) member organizations. We extend the
architecture for e-Testing based on the AfgREN as a concrete architecture. Design
science is used as the research method for the rigorous development of the reference
architecture based on the domain knowledge and in accordance with model-driven
engineering (MDE). We use the Requirements Bazaar for requirements gathering,
and also for the evaluation of the architecture.
We analyze the relevant aspects of NREN e-learning architectures by using the
Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM). We also analyze an NREN e-learning architecture for the selection of quality attributes of the architecture to be
developed and the corresponding prioritizations of these attributes. The architecture
is validated based on real scenarios in the AfgREN. Consequently, we design a
national e-learning reference architecture based on an NREN that is extensible to
different e-learning standards and concrete architectures.
The lessons learned from the evaluation are as follows. The original ATAM method
is not suitable for evaluating reference architectures in the context of developing an
NREN e-learning infrastructure. As a solution, this research results in a modified
ATAM that employs tools for supporting distributed group work to harvest
requirement sets. To run separate workshops, we group the stakeholders according
to their competencies and responsibilities to run separate workshops. Attempting an
initial joint ATAM workshop with all stakeholders is too challenging as the
technical languages of the respective stakeholders are too diverse. The modified
ATAM workshops are more suitable for requirements gathering, identification of
quality attributes, and their prioritization in the context of an NREN e-learning
architecture development.
... AIM provides the services for the system administrator to define access control rules, access privileges [31] [32], maintain student enrollments, user profiles course schedules, student examination, create course concept units, course material and archives. AIM, also, provides the services for the system administrator to monitor the learning progress [33] [34]. ...
... The system administrator can also perform a number of system maintenance operations through various modules. In the Student Profile Module, the system can create, edit and delete a student profile [34] [35]. The system administrator can create, edit delete of course material. ...
p class="Abstract"> A directed graph represents an accurate picture of course descriptions for online courses through computer-based implementation of various educational systems. E-learning and m-learning systems are modeled as a weighted, directed graph where each node represents a course unit. The Learning Path Graph (LPG) represents and describes the structure of domain knowledge, including the learning goals, and all other available learning paths. In this paper, we propose a system prototype that implements a propose adaptive learning path algorithms that uses the student’s information from their profile and their learning style in order to improve the students’ learning performances through an m-learning system that provides a suitable course content sequence in a personalized manner. </p
... NRENs e-learning infrastructure adapter from[17].research has the strategy of understanding a specific situation, seeking new insight, generate new ideas and hypotheses, Thus, we selected exploratory strategy for this research, more specifically, inductive empirical research. ...
National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) are for sharing resources between member organizations. NRENs play an important role in e-learning activities as they provide necessary communication. Heterogeneous infrastructures used for e-learning are a challenge for system design, integrity and interoperability. This paper proposed a NREN e-learning reference model and affiliated NREN e-learning architectural patterns that considered communication, reliable access, cooperation between e-learning infrastructures and interoperability. Research exists about different architecture including services oriented Cloud computing, For example, the E-School Systems and other institutional e-learning systems use traditional client server architectures. However, no research has been carried out on NREN e-learning architectures. For deeper insight, we investigate and compare in this paper the Estonian Education and Research Network (EENet) as an NREN example of a developed country, the Pakistan Education and the Research Network (PERN) as an example of a developing country and the Afghanistan Research and Education Network (AfgREN).
... When a course has only a manageable size of e-learning users, simple client-server architecture will be sufficient. As the number of users grows, however, the course might require a large-scale e-learning system to handle a potentially large number of concurrent, geographically distributed users and support a large database of elearning materials (Palanivel & Kuppuswami, 2011). This problem can be tackled using cloud-based e-learning approach (Masud & Xiaodi, 2012). ...
... Methods used in e-learning have the ability to be more interactive, provide a more convenient way to communicate between instructors and learners, and provide more suitable courseware for the learners (Palanivel & Kuppuswami, 2011 (Palanivel & Kuppuswami, 2011). SORAPES is a layered architecture that consists of presentation layer, service layer, application layer and database layer. ...
... Methods used in e-learning have the ability to be more interactive, provide a more convenient way to communicate between instructors and learners, and provide more suitable courseware for the learners (Palanivel & Kuppuswami, 2011 (Palanivel & Kuppuswami, 2011). SORAPES is a layered architecture that consists of presentation layer, service layer, application layer and database layer. ...
Master of Science in Information Technology Thesis
... An interesting design of a service-oriented reference architecture for personalized e-learning systems (SORAPES) and validation of the architecture is described in [37]. The SORAPES is designed by reusing web services and learning objects with layered architecture and highly-scalable personalized elearning system. ...
This paper presents personalized game-based modules for Computer Architecture eLearning (CoAeLearn Modules) which integrates personalized learning based on students´ learning styles and preferences (individual properties, goals and needs) with elements of multimedia games. Modules are intended for effective and efficient learning on the Computer Architecture Course by means of entertainment incorporated into interactive game-based applications. Furthermore, the CoAeLearn Modules should motivate the students and provide them with challenging games, action and victory. Moreover, the modules allow a visualization of computer architecture elements as well as a traceability of actions stored in the memory registers. The challenge for educational researchers is to determine how to design games which would achieve the instructional objective. Here we present an idea of making the components, integrated in CoAeLearn Modules, which explicitly support learning goals via guidance, directive feedback and multimedia presentation essential for efficient learning. Presenting the modules by entertaining interactive approach, along with a visual indication of the task execution flow, enables the students to master the methods of solving the tasks in various subject areas and surmounting different levels of complexity of teaching material. Multimedia Modules are presented in the form of a software package and Adobe Flash CS4 is used to create multimedia content. The Modules can be distinguished by pedagogical parameters such as: the degree of guidance in the module, a module support by HELP and feedback information about the correct answers.
... E-Learning makes use of the computer software to support students during their learning process to understand new concepts [1]. It gives new resources to the teachers to teach their courses with availability of different tools in LMS [2]. Also, It can offer a great deal of flexibility in when, where, and how educational resources are distributed [3]. ...
E-Learning is the environment that supports the
education field and provides the knowledge of a specific
area in one place. Computer Science Education (CSE) is one
area that uses the aspects of e-Learning to educate the
learners and to distribute the knowledge to them. Several
Learning Management Systems (LMSs) support many
software tools to manage the theoretical materials of the
CSE. However, the practical software tools that are needed
by the Computer Science courses are ignored or simply not
considered in most of the LMSs. To overcome the
limitations of the LMSs towards the practical aspects of the
CSE, this paper shows how to prepare the tools and make
them available for use anytime through the LMS. For this to
work, the authors of this paper take a step forward in
discussing how to extend the LMSs functionality in general
and Moodle as a special case. This extension involves adding
the needed software tool as a component to the architectural
structure of Moodle. Moreover, this paper introduces some
literature that supports and implements these kinds of
extensions.
... Cloud computing provides a shared pool of resources, including data storage space, networks, computer processing power, and specialized corporate and user applications. The design uses layered web application architecture (Palanivel & Kuppuswami, 2011). Figure 3 shows the proposed Cloud Computing Model for Digital Library (Hewlett-Packard, 2011). ...
Cloud computing is an emerging computing model which has evolved as a result of the maturity of underlying prerequisite technologies. There are differences in perspective as to when a set of underlying technologies becomes a "cloud" model. In order to categorize cloud computing services, and to expect some level of consistent characteristics to be associated with the services, cloud adopters need a consistent frame of reference. The Cloud Computing Reference Architecture (CCRA) defines a standard reference architecture and consistent frame of reference for comparing cloud services from different service providers when selecting and deploying cloud services to support their mission requirements. Cloud computing offers information retrieval systems, particularly digital libraries and search engines, a wide variety of options for growth and reduction of maintenance needs and encourages efficient resource use. These features are particularly attractive for digital libraries, repositories, and search engines. The dynamic and elastic provisioning features of a cloud infrastructure allow rapid growth in collection size and support a larger user base, while reducing management issues. Hence, the objective of this chapter is to investigate and design reference architecture to Digital Library Systems using cloud computing with scalability in mind. The proposed reference architecture is called as CORADLS. This architecture accelerates the rate at which library users can get easy, efficient, faster and reliable services in the digital environment. Here, the end user does not have to worry about the resource or disk space in cloud computing.
... This is able to enhance the user's personalization method while not their active involvement. The search component of personalized E-learning systems is as shown in figure 1 [8]. The Fig.1 represents search component of service oriented reference architecture for personalized E-Learning System. ...
... oriented reference architecture describes essence of software architecture and the most significant and relevant aspects. [8] E-learning portal applications need to present data in a tabular format to the users. The functionality provided by the search component is dynamic query generation based on user input, sort order, joins, etc. ...
... Learners want search the learning object related to Computer Science, then they have to type 'Computer Science' .By activating the link on the query interface, it obtains the extra services exposed by other providers. [8] There are variations between layout customization and personalization. In customization, the location is often adjusted to each user's preferences concerning its structure and presentation. ...
The Web Mining plays a very important role for the E-learning systems. In personalized E-Learning system, user customize the learning environment based on personal choices. In a general search process ,a hyperlink which is having maximum number of hits will get displayed first . For making a personalized system history of every user need to be saved in the form of user logs. In this paper we present a architecture with the use of Web mining for Web personalization. The proposed system provides a new approach with combination of web usage mining, HITS algorithm and web content mining. It combines hits results on user logs and web page contents with a clustering algorithm called as Lingo clustering algorithm. This proposed system with combined approach gives a better performance than a usage based system. Further the results are computed according to matrices computed from previous and proposed method.
... E-learning puts the control where it's needed, in the hands of learners, so that they can learn wherever and whenever it suits them best. It also gives new resources to instructors such as interactive multimedia, simulations and other emerging learning techniques [2]. Personalized E-learning System (PES) is suggested as the next generation of e-learning systems [3]. ...
Personalized recommender systems in e-learning environment make the learning process more effective and efficient. In this paper, we present a detailed knowledge-based system design for personalizing the e-learning material resources. Initially, the approach rates the different learning styles according to the learner personal data and preferences, and then it personalizes the learning material resource type, the material abstraction level, and the learning session time. The learning material resources are recommended to the learner in two alternatives: the learning material resources of the most-ranked learning style to learner or an ordered list of material learning resources based on the learning styles ranking. To show how the approach is very beneficial in e-learning systems, we present a case study with different usage scenarios.
... Anido et al. [7] proposed a reference architecture that identifies common, standardized software services for distributed e-learning systems. In the same perspective, Palanivel and Kuppuswami [8] designed a service-oriented reference architecture for personalized e-learning systems. In Schmidt's work [9], a layered reference architecture for context-aware learning support systems was defined. ...
... It is important to point out that reference architectures for developing learning environments are still very specific, sometimes considering only one type of environment, for instance, e-learning systems. Besides that, SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) [11] has been the basis for almost all architectures, such as [6], [8], [9]. Also, the SoC provided by Aspect-Orientation approach has not been widely investigated for the learning domain. ...
Learning environments are moving away from monolithic applications towards more open, flexible components, capable of interoperating with other learning components. In spite of the diversity of learning environments, there is a lack of uniformity regarding their basic functionalities. Thus, the establishment of core functionalities represents an issue to the development of these environments. In a different but related perspective, reference architectures have emerged as an alternative for promoting reuse of design expertise and facilitating the development of systems. Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD) has also arisen as a promising software development approach, contributing to a better Separation of Concerns (SoC). Motivated by this scenario, in this paper we discuss the establishment of EDUCAR, an aspect-oriented reference architecture for developing learning environments. EDUCAR has been constructed by means of a systematic development process. As a consequence, architectural requirements, concepts and crosscuting concerns regarding the learning environments domain have been established as well. The results achieved from a preliminary evaluation of EDUCAR suggest the adequacy of the proposed architecture with respect to the learning environments domain.
