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Morphology of the lectotype of Arthothelium lichenum. A, gross morphology of the thallus and ascomata. B, detail of compound (i.e., multilocular) ascomata. C, transverse section of multilocular ascoma illustrating multiple chambers. D, moribund ascospore that has begun to collapse. Scales = 2.0 mm in A, 0.4 mm in B, 100 µm in C, 20 µm in D.
Source publication
Arthothelium lichenale is placed in synonymy with Mycoporum compositum. The morphological distinctions between Collema pustulatum and Leptogium apalachense are discussed and the North American distributions of the species are revised. The distribution of Lecidea roseotincta in North America is extended to include the central and southern Appalachia...
Contexts in source publication
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... the aggregated ascomata noted in Gueidan et al. (2016) are not atypical of P. leucostoma (Figure 9). The ascospores of P. leucostoma are also variable and often only immature or overmature ascospores are present ( Figure 10). Hymenial inspersion is also somewhat variable in that most specimens have a weakly inspersed hymenium with oil droplets concentrated in the lower portions of the hymenium. ...
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... ascospores, and the overall morphology of the type, are typical of P. leucostoma. Our concept of P. leucostoma is derived from authentic or isolectotype material in UPS that was received from the Acharian herbarium ( Figure 10A and B), and was identical to Acharian specimens that the second author has previously examined at BM, H-ACH and S. As far as we know P. leucostoma has never been formally typified and as such we select a lectotype here. Based on our study of P. leucostoma we suggest the pale coloration and pointed ends of the ascospores in the illustrations of P. reebiae published by Gueidan et al. (2016) represent immature ascospores. ...
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... on our study of P. leucostoma we suggest the pale coloration and pointed ends of the ascospores in the illustrations of P. reebiae published by Gueidan et al. (2016) represent immature ascospores. Although the small size (36-41 Figure 10. Comparison of ascospores from P. leucostoma (A and B, isolectotype, UPS) and the holotype of P. reebiae (C-G). ...
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... NY recently received material of the type collection of Pyrenula shirabeicola, we examined the disposition of this name as part of routine curation of the specimen. Aptroot (2012) proposed P. shirabeicola as a synonym of P. pseudobufonia (Rehm) R.C. Harris, the latter being a common species in eastern North America (Figure 11). The ascospores of P. pseudobufonia are distinctive in having the terminal locules appressed to the spore wall ( Figure 12D). ...
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... (2012) proposed P. shirabeicola as a synonym of P. pseudobufonia (Rehm) R.C. Harris, the latter being a common species in eastern North America (Figure 11). The ascospores of P. pseudobufonia are distinctive in having the terminal locules appressed to the spore wall ( Figure 12D). Those in the isotype and holotype of P. shirabeicola are not of this type however ( Figure 12C). ...
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... ascospores of P. pseudobufonia are distinctive in having the terminal locules appressed to the spore wall ( Figure 12D). Those in the isotype and holotype of P. shirabeicola are not of this type however ( Figure 12C). Additionally, while both P. shirabeicola and P. pseudobufonia are UV+ bright yellow due to the presence of lichexanthone, the hymenium in P. shirabeicola is I-and is not inspersed while that of P. pseudobufonia is I+ bluish and densely inspersed with oil. ...
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... while both P. shirabeicola and P. pseudobufonia are UV+ bright yellow due to the presence of lichexanthone, the hymenium in P. shirabeicola is I-and is not inspersed while that of P. pseudobufonia is I+ bluish and densely inspersed with oil. Given the morphological differences outlined above it seems best to maintain P. shirabeicola described by Kurokawa and Nakanishi (1971) Figure 13. Comparison between Schismatomma graphidioides (A-D) and S. pericleum (E and F). ...
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... the aggregated ascomata noted in Gueidan et al. (2016) are not atypical of P. leucostoma (Figure 9). The ascospores of P. leucostoma are also variable and often only immature or overmature ascospores are present ( Figure 10). Hymenial inspersion is also somewhat variable in that most specimens have a weakly inspersed hymenium with oil droplets concentrated in the lower portions of the hymenium. ...
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... ascospores, and the overall morphology of the type, are typical of P. leucostoma. Our concept of P. leucostoma is derived from authentic or isolectotype material in UPS that was received from the Acharian herbarium ( Figure 10A and B), and was identical to Acharian specimens that the second author has previously examined at BM, H-ACH and S. As far as we know P. leucostoma has never been formally typified and as such we select a lectotype here. Based on our study of P. leucostoma we suggest the pale coloration and pointed ends of the ascospores in the illustrations of P. reebiae published by Gueidan et al. (2016) represent immature ascospores. ...
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... on our study of P. leucostoma we suggest the pale coloration and pointed ends of the ascospores in the illustrations of P. reebiae published by Gueidan et al. (2016) represent immature ascospores. Although the small size (36-41 Figure 10. Comparison of ascospores from P. leucostoma (A and B, isolectotype, UPS) and the holotype of P. reebiae (C-G). ...
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... NY recently received material of the type collection of Pyrenula shirabeicola, we examined the disposition of this name as part of routine curation of the specimen. Aptroot (2012) proposed P. shirabeicola as a synonym of P. pseudobufonia (Rehm) R.C. Harris, the latter being a common species in eastern North America (Figure 11). The ascospores of P. pseudobufonia are distinctive in having the terminal locules appressed to the spore wall ( Figure 12D). ...
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... (2012) proposed P. shirabeicola as a synonym of P. pseudobufonia (Rehm) R.C. Harris, the latter being a common species in eastern North America (Figure 11). The ascospores of P. pseudobufonia are distinctive in having the terminal locules appressed to the spore wall ( Figure 12D). Those in the isotype and holotype of P. shirabeicola are not of this type however ( Figure 12C). ...
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... ascospores of P. pseudobufonia are distinctive in having the terminal locules appressed to the spore wall ( Figure 12D). Those in the isotype and holotype of P. shirabeicola are not of this type however ( Figure 12C). Additionally, while both P. shirabeicola and P. pseudobufonia are UV+ bright yellow due to the presence of lichexanthone, the hymenium in P. shirabeicola is I-and is not inspersed while that of P. pseudobufonia is I+ bluish and densely inspersed with oil. ...
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... while both P. shirabeicola and P. pseudobufonia are UV+ bright yellow due to the presence of lichexanthone, the hymenium in P. shirabeicola is I-and is not inspersed while that of P. pseudobufonia is I+ bluish and densely inspersed with oil. Given the morphological differences outlined above it seems best to maintain P. shirabeicola described by Kurokawa and Nakanishi (1971) Figure 13. Comparison between Schismatomma graphidioides (A-D) and S. pericleum (E and F). ...
Citations
... Magnusson (1929) reported A. variegata from Las Vegas, New Mexico, based on a collection made by G.A. Brouard in 1927. That specimen became the holotype of A. janae K. Knudsen, which differs from A. variegata in having a thin parathecium and euamyloid hymenial gel (Lumbsch et al. 2010, Knudsen & Kocourková 2017, Knudsen et al. 2011). Thus, A. variegata does not occur in North America and has already been removed from the North American checklist. ...
... Notes. -Sarcogyne similis is a common species on siliceous rock in North America (Magnusson 1935, Knudsen & Standley 2007, Knudsen et al. 2011. It has an endolithic thallus and produces apothecia either directly from endosubstratal hyphae, or by replication by division, or from epilithic stromata which are first functionally pycnidia, then split open and decay as an apothecium emerges (Knudsen et al. 2011, Poelt & Vězda 1974. ...
... -Sarcogyne similis is a common species on siliceous rock in North America (Magnusson 1935, Knudsen & Standley 2007, Knudsen et al. 2011. It has an endolithic thallus and produces apothecia either directly from endosubstratal hyphae, or by replication by division, or from epilithic stromata which are first functionally pycnidia, then split open and decay as an apothecium emerges (Knudsen et al. 2011, Poelt & Vězda 1974. When produced from endosubstratal hyphae or division, the apothecia are immediately thin-margined. ...
Acarospora cervina and A. tongleti are discussed as not occurring in North America and should be removed from North American checklist. Sarcogyne sphaerospora is transferred to Acarospora and given a new name Acarospora lendermeri. Sarcogyne reebiae is considered a synonym of S. similis. Sarcogyne similis is verified as occurring in Europe in Greece.
... 1814. Lectotype (fide Lendemer andHarris 2016): "Habitat in India Occidentalis super corticem Crotonis Cascarillae." H, Ach. ...
Pyrenula (Pyrenulaceae) is a poorly studied genus of lichenized mycobiota in New Zealand. Following the sampling of lichens from over 50 vegetation plots established within the Auckland Region by the Auckland Council, we have recognised a further five species of Pyrenula: P. leucostoma (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris, P. microcarpa Müll. Arg., P. pyrenuloides (Mont.) R. C. Harris, P. subumbilicata (C. Knight) Aptroot and P. subvariolosa (C. Knight) Aptroot from the New Zealand Botanical Region. These discoveries increase the number of Pyrenula accepted for New Zealand from 10 to 15, and extend the range of two species previously regarded as endemic to Australia. The discoveries also highlight the importance of undertaking more comprehensive lichen sampling within New Zealand's ecosystems. We recommend that, for those regions where permanent vegetation plots have been established for long-term monitoring, an assessment of lichen diversity should also be included in their initial sampling phase and monitoring protocols. With these additions, as well as changes in the taxonomy of New Zealand Pyrenula, a revised key to the known species of Pyrenula in New Zealand is presented.
... We have included this name in the list of excluded species because the taxonomy of saxicolous Verrucaria from non-calcareous rocks in eastern North America is extremely poorly understood and the vouchers have not been reexamined. but the material from New Jersey is now treated as Xanthomendoza weberi (Knudsen et al. 2011). Xanthoria polycarpa (Hoffm.) ...
The first checklist of New Jersey lichens, lichenicolous fungi, and allied fungi treated with lichens (e.g., Mycocaliciaceae) is presented, together with an accounting of excluded species and questionable historical reports. A total of 475 species are reported from the region based on extensive study of herbarium specimens, fieldwork, and records compiled from the published literature cross-referenced with extant herbarium specimens. Prior published work on the lichens of New Jersey is reviewed and discussed, as are avenues for further research. The currently documented biodiversity is discussed from the standpoint of several widely used lichen traits (growth form, reproductive mode, nutrition mode) and datasets derived from biodiversity inventories carried out by the authors are used to illustrate trends in species frequencies.
... It differs from A. erratica also in having euamyloid hymenial gel (IKI+ deep blue) and in forming pruinose thalli with distinct fissures, morphologically thus belonging to the A. strigata group sensu Nurtai et al. (2017). Two species that always form pseudolecanorine areoles, A. janae K. Knudsen and A. toensbergii K. Knudsen & Kocourk., occur on siliceous rocks (Knudsen & Kocourková 2017b;Knudsen et al. 2011). Acarospora janae differs from A. erratica in producing gyrophoric acid and has euamyloid hymenial gel. ...
Two new species that grow on calcareous rock, Acarospora brucei and A. erratica, are described from North America. Acarospora brucei was originally reported as A. complanata. It is proposed that the name A. complanata be removed from the North American lichen checklist. Sixty-four species of Acarospora and 99 species of Acarosporaceae are currently reported in North America. A protocol for reproducible iodine tests of hymenial and subhymenial substances in Acarosporaceae is provided.
... Only a small number of species in Europe and North America produce lecanorine apothecia directly from an endolithic hypothallus. Examples include A. janae K. Knudsen from North America (Knudsen et al. 2011) and A. rehmii H. Magn. from central Europe (Malíček 2017). ...
... DISCUSSION. -The North American species with consistently lecanorine apothecia arising from an endolithic hypothallus that is most similar to Acarospora toensbergii is A. janae (Brodo 2016). Acarospora janae differs from A. toensbergii especially having an indistinct parathecium, smaller mature ascospores (3-4 × 2 µm vs. 7× 3 µm) and in producing gyrophoric acid (Knudsen et al. 2011). Though the data were not included in the protologue (Lumbsch et al. 2011), A. janae like A. toensbergii has blue amyloid hymenial gel. ...
Acarospora toensbergii is described from Alaska in North America. The new species grows on siliceous rock and is easily recognized by its dispersed, solitary apothecia with a thick brown thalline margin, its amyloid hymenium and subhymenium, its lack of secondary metabolites, and its large mature ascospores that often measure up to 7 × 3 μm. Reports of Acarospora gallica and A. variegata from North America (New Mexico) are misidentifications of Acarospora janae. Acarospora canadensis is removed from synonymy with Acarospora glaucocarpa.
... It often occurs scattered among other lichens. For a description and photographs refer to Knudsen et al. (2011a). NOTES. ...
... NOTES. -This species is a small brown Acarospora easily confused with some morphotypes of the more common A. americana, which usually has a higher hymenium and more polymorphic thallus (Knudsen et al. 2011a ...
San Bernardino National Forest in southern California encompasses two major mountain ranges, the San Bernardino Mountains and the San Jacinto Mountains. Here 414 taxa of lichenized fungi are reported from San Bernardino National Forest as a whole; 327 from the San Jacinto Mountains (including the Santa Rosa Mountains), and 289 from the San Bernardino Mountains. Two species new to science are described: Lecanora remota and Lecidea stratura. Two undescribed taxa of Bellemerea and Scytinium are reported, both currently under study. Five species are reported new for North America and California: Gloeoheppia rugosa, Lecanora formosa, Peccania cernohorskyi, P. corallina and Psorotichia vermiculata. Peccania cernohorskyi is also reported new for Canada (British Columbia). Eight species are reported new for California: Caloplaca diphasia, C. isidiigera, Peltigera extenuata, Rhizocarpon simillimum, Rinodina lobulata, R. terrestris, Sarcogyne squamosa, and Xylographa difformis. Lecidea xanthococcoides is recognized as a synonym of Lecanora cadubriae. The California endemic Lecidea kingmanii is reported as producing 4-0-demethylplanaic acid. Polysporina simplex is treated as Acarospora simplex and P. urceolata as A. urceolata. The new combination Acarospora gyrocarpa is proposed for Polysporina gyrocarpa.
... In this paper Acarospora sphaerosperma R.C.Harris & K.Knudsen is reported new for Europe from the Czech Republic. It was originally described from the Ozark region of eastern North America (Knudsen et al. 2011). We report the central European and Mediterrean species Acarospora irregularis H.Magn. new for Austria ). ...
... Amyloid reactions were studied with undiluted Merck Lugol's (I), with or without pretreatment with KOH (K). The description of Acarospora sphaerosperma (Knudsen et al. 2011) has been revised. The image of Acarospora irregularis was generated by W. Obermayer using a dissecting microscope (Leica, Wild M3Z) which was connected to a digital camera (Zeiss, Axiocam MRc5). ...
... She showed them to her co-worker K. Knudsen. He was immediately surprised that it was a species R.C. Harris and he had described from the Ozarks, Acarospora sphaerosperma R.C.Harris & K.Knudsen, a calciphile that was most often collected on dolomite (Knudsen et al. 2011). Later, learning of Wagner's discoveries, Z. Palice (PRA) recognized he had collected the same species on limestone in the Czech Karst in the south-western part of Central Bohemia. ...
Acarospora sphaerosperma, a species described from the Ozarks in North America, is reported new for Europe from
Bohemia in the Czech Republic. The species is expected to be more widespread in Europe. An earlier European name
has not been found. Acarospora irregularis is reported new for Austria.
... vezdae H. Mayrhofer & Poelt), or on stone as moss parasites in a juvenile stage and lichenized as an adult (C. muscorum) (Friday & Coppins, 2004;Mayrhofer & Poelt, 1985;Morgan-Jones & Swinscow, 1965), while Thelenella consists of 29 species known from cool, temperate areas on stone, but also in the subtropics-tropics, where they occur on bark and leaves (Aptroot & Schumm, 2012;Aptroot, Andrade, Mendonça, de Lima, & C aceres, 2015;Etayo & Mayrhofer, 2003;Harris, 1995;Kalb, 1995;Knudsen, Lendemer, & Harris, 2011;Mayrhofer, 1987;Mayrhofer & McCarthy, 1991;Mayrhofer & Poelt, 1985;McCarthy, 2008;Pinokiyo & Singh, 2006). In both genera, 4D 3 8 À8 submuriform-muriform and hyaline-light brown ascospores are formed per ascus, except in the two recently introduced polysporous species T. americana (K. ...
... In both genera, 4D 3 8 À8 submuriform-muriform and hyaline-light brown ascospores are formed per ascus, except in the two recently introduced polysporous species T. americana (K. Knudsen & Lendemer) Aptroot and T. montana (P.M. McCarthy) Aptroot, which produce 150D 3 9 À200 simple, hyaline ascospores per ascus (Aptroot & Schumm, 2012;Knudsen et al., 2011;McCarthy, 2008). Chromatochlamys was initially distinguished from Thelenella by the presence of ostiolate periphysoids and an ocular chamber in the ascus (Mayrhofer & Poelt, 1985); subsequently, Mayrhofer (1987) concluded that periphysoids were also present in some Thelenella species, and the two genera could only be segregated by the presence or absence of an ocular chamber in the ascus tips. ...
The lichen-forming fungal genus Aspidothelium has either been considered to represent a separate genus and family or a synonym of Thelenella in Thelenellaceae. At times, a close relationship has been suggested with genera now placed in Celotheliaceae, Monoblastiaceae, Porinaceae, Protothelenellaceae, Pyrenulaceae, Strigulaceae, Thelenellaceae, and Verrucariaceae, families scattered across three ascomycete classes. Consequently, its classification has remained unstable, and the genus is currently listed as incertae sedis within Ascomycota. Here we utilize DNA sequence data to clarify its position. Our sampling suggests that Aspidothelium is embedded within the family Thelenellaceae (Lecanoromycetes: Ostropomycetidae), supporting previous proposals to synonymize Aspidotheliaceae with Thelenellaceae. This clade is allied with the order Ostropales and further work is needed to elucidate whether it should be considered part of Ostropales or a distinct order. Aspidothelium is monophyletic, and its continued recognition requires acceptance of the genus Chromatochlamys. The abandonment of historic classification schemes resulted in the proliferation of many orphaned clades of perithecial, lichen-forming fungi – the present study has clarified the higher-level relationships of one of these enigmatic families, and facilitated its placement in a modern phylogenetic framework. © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London 2016. All Rights Reserved.
... L'arbre phylogénétique (fig. 12Knudsen et Kocourcova, 2013 ; Knudsen et al., 2011 ; Lumbsch et Huhndorf, 2007 ; MacCarthy et Kantvilas, 2009), point de vue que nous suivrons, ou dans d'autres familles (Thelenellaceae et peut–être ...
... The cladogram does not allow discussing other problems linked to the phylogeny of Acarosporaceae, which will only be resolved by a thorough and detailed study of this family, a topic not within the scope of this study. Three other species with more or less perithecioid ascomata and with polyspored asci look superficially like Trimmatothelopsis but they are not thought to belong to Acarosporaceae based on current knowledge as they are either placed in the genus Melanophloea in the family Thelocarpaceae (Knudsen and Kocourcova, 2013; Knudsen et al., 2011 ; Lumbsch and Huhndorf , 2007; MacCarthy and Kantvilas, 2009), an opinion that we will follow, or in other families (Thele nellaceae and maybe Trypetheliaceae) by Aptroot and Schumm (2012), an opinion contested by Knudsen and Kocourcova (2013): @BULLET Melanophloea pacifica P. James et Vězda, differs from Trimmatothelopsis particularly by its epiphleod thallus, its globulose spores, its I + (blue) asci and its paraphysoids with not well distinguishable walls (the hamathecium being amyloid as in Trimmatothelopsis). @BULLET Melanophloea americana K. Knudsen et Lendemer, saxicolous–calcifugous, mostly differs from Trimma tothelopsis by the paraplectenchymatous external wall of its ascomata and its asci with an amyloid tholus (its thallus is considered as absent). ...
Trimmatothelopsis versipellis : discovery of several localities in the department of Finistère (France), phylogenetic placement and taxonomic consequences.— The discovery of several new localities of Trimmatothelopsis versipellis in the department of Finistère in 2013 allowed us to better describe this species, to understand its ecology and to analyze its DNA. A phylogenetic analysis including this species and 30 other Acarosporaceae shows that T. versipellis clearly belongs to this family, but is not related to Polysporina subfuscescens (which is heterogeneous) nor to the genus Myriospora. It belongs to the same clade than two morphologically and anatomically very distinct species, Thelocarpella gordensis and Acarospora rhizobola. As a result, the genus Trimmatothelopsis is maintained (with a single species, T. versipellis), as well as the genus Thelocarpella (also monospecific), whereas Acarospora rhizobola, which has to be excluded from Acarospora, most probably belongs to a new genus. T. versipellis is also compared with three species of Melanophloea for which the taxonomic placement is still debated.
... Review of the literature and loans of material from other herbaria allowed us to finally resolve the identity of these names. We present the results of our findings in the present contribution, which continues the series which ended last with the publication of Knudsen et al. (2011). In addition to the resolution of two little used names we report three lichenicolous fungi for the first time from North America, based on material collected during recent fieldwork. ...
The type material of Bacidia leucampyx was examined and the name found to be conspecific with B. schweinitzii. It is formally placed in synonymy with B. schweinitzii. Examination of the type and original material of Pertusaria shenandoensis revealed the name is based on immature specimens of Pertusaria plittiana. The chemical variability of P. plittiana is discussed and the name P. shenandoensis is placed in synonymy with P. plittiana. The following taxa are reported for the first time from North America: Arthonia colombiana (on Cladonia species from Maine, U.S.A. and Quebec, Canada), A. coronata (on Cladonia digitata, Flavoparmelia caperata, and Parmeliopsis hyperopta in Maine, U.S.A. and Quebec, Canada), and Rosellinula haplospora (on Aspicilia cinerea from the Yukon Territory, Canada).
