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Morphology of Sarcodontia crocea cultures which were incubated for 14 days on Malt Extract Agar (MEA). Scale bars = 1 cm. A -LE-BIN 4342, B -LE-BIN 4343, C -LE-BIN 4346, D -LE-BIN 4350, E -LE-BIN 4355, F -LE-BIN 4365, G -LE-BIN 4367, H -LE-BIN 4378, I -LE-BIN 4382.
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The biological properties of the xylotrophic fungus Sarcodontia crocea (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), which develops basidiocarps on the trunks of fruit trees (mainly Malus domestica) and exhibits phytopathogenic activity, have been investigated under pure culture conditions. Morphological and molecular verification was performed for Sarcodontia cro...
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... characteristics of cultures of studied strains are listed in Table 2, photos of the colonies are shown in Fig. 3. The main features of S. crocea in the cultivation on the MEA medium are floccose (occasionally pinnate as in LE-BIN 4343 and 4346) colonies with a strong characteristic sweet-fruity odour (Table 2, Fig. 3). The fruity odour, which indicates the presence of volatile compounds in strains ( Kokubun et al., 2007), can play an important ...
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... characteristics of cultures of studied strains are listed in Table 2, photos of the colonies are shown in Fig. 3. The main features of S. crocea in the cultivation on the MEA medium are floccose (occasionally pinnate as in LE-BIN 4343 and 4346) colonies with a strong characteristic sweet-fruity odour (Table 2, Fig. 3). The fruity odour, which indicates the presence of volatile compounds in strains ( Kokubun et al., 2007), can play an important physiological role in the development of S. crocea basidiocarps and the spread of its substrate mycelium (in particular, in the distant inhibition of S. crocea fungal opponents during wood colonization). The ...
Context 3
... in the distant inhibition of S. crocea fungal opponents during wood colonization). The vast majority of strains had unclear colony zones (except for LE-BIN 4343 and 4346). More than half of the strains had a bleached reverse. The colour of the colonies ranged from white to creamy (LE-BIN 4343, 4346, 4367, 4378) and lemon creamy (LE-BIN 4355) (Fig. 3). It should be noted that pigmentation manifested itself well with the age of the colonies. The outline of the colonies also varied significantly from fringe to wavy (LE-BIN 4382) and flat (LE-BIN ...
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The results of a study of growth characteristics, macromorphological features and biosynthetic potential of nine dikaryotic strains of Sarcodontia crocea (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) maintained in the Komarov Botanical Institute Basidiomycetes Culture Collection (LE-BIN) are presented. The strains studied were extracted from the basidiocarps collec...
Citations
... Donk (formerly named Sarcodontia crocea (Schwein.) Kotl.), and its biosynthetic potential [63,64]; and on a stenotrophic basidiomycete found in the Republic of Dagestan, Fomitiporia hippophaeicola (H. Jahn) Fiasson & Niemelä, which is the causative agent of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) wood rot [65]; and on a xylothrophic fungus, Fistulina hepatica LE-BIN 3801 [66]. ...
... Donk (32 strains). Two Pleurotus species are widely distributed, abundantly fruiting in nature, and easy to culture, while such a number of strains of a rather rare species S. setosa can be explained by a special interest in its investigation [63,64]. More than 20 strains of the following species are preserved in the collection: 28 [57]. ...
Culture collections (CCs) play an important role in the ex situ conservation of biological material and maintaining species and strains, which can be used for scientific and practical purposes. The Komarov Botanical Institute Basidiomycetes Culture Collection (LE-BIN) preserves a large number of original dikaryon strains of various taxonomical and ecological groups of fungi from different geographical regions. Started in the late 1950s for the investigation of Basidiomycetes’ biological activity, today, in Russia, it has become a unique specialized macromycetes collection, preserving 3680 strains from 776 species of fungi. The Collection’s development is aimed at ex situ conservation of fungal diversity, with an emphasis on preserving rare and endangered species, ectomycorrhizal fungi, and strains useful for biotechnology and medicine. The main methods applied in the collection for maintaining and working with cultures are described, and the results are presented. Some problems for the isolation and cultivation of species are discussed. The taxonomical structure and variety of the strains in the collection fund are analyzed, and they show that the taxonomical diversity of fungi in the LE-BIN is commensurable with the largest CCs in the world. The achievements from the ex situ conservation of the diversity of macromycetes and the main results from the screening and investigation of the collection’s strains demonstrate that a number of strains can be prospective producers of enzymes (oxidoreductases and proteases), lipids, and biologically active compounds (terpenoids, phthalides, etc.) for biotechnology and medicine.
... The major fungal diseases include verticillium wilt, fusarium wilt, damping off, brown rot and scab (Kalia et al. 2011). Among the causative agents xylotrophic phytopathogenic fungi are characterized by longtime process of mycelial growth and development inside the trunk or stem wood, accompanied by gradual crown drying Communicated by Sunita Varjani. up and asymmetry and summarized in chronic trunk rots (Shakhova and Volobuev 2020b;. ...
... The activity of ligninases and cellulases in the LE-BIN 4785 F. hippophaeicola was evaluated using an express method based on qualitative reactions of substrate colour changes (Pointing 1999;Shakhova and Volobuev 2020b). In particular, the determination of cellulolytic enzyme activity of the studied strain was performed on agarized media with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (Chemapol, Praha, Czech Republic) (1% CMC and 1% agar). ...
Stenotrophic basidiomycete fungus Fomitiporia hippophaeicola, being a wood-decaying pathogen of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides), has been recollected after 48 years in the Eastern Caucasus during the mycological and phytopathological investigations in the inner-mountainous part of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The identity of the species was confirmed by both morphological and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 nrDNA data. We introduced and characterized the dikaryotic strain of F. hippophaeicola deposited for permanent storage to the Basidiomycete Culture Collection of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (LE-BIN). The morphological features and growth parameters of this xylotrophic fungus with phytopathogenic activity under cultivation on different agarized media (BWA, MEA, PDA) are described for the first time. The LE-BIN 4785 strain of F. hippophaeicola showed differences in growth rate and macromorphology, while the microscopic characteristics remained more robust during growth on the media tested. Qualitative analyses of oxidative and cellulolytic enzyme activities and assessment of the degradation potential of the strain examined in vitro were carried out. As a result, the newly obtained strain of F. hippophaeicola was found to exhibit medium enzyme activities and a moderate capacity to degrade the polyphenol dye azur B.
... The activity of lignolytic and cellulolytic enzymes was studied using the rapid screening method (Shakhova and Volobuev 2020b). The strains for the inoculum were grown in Petri dishes with a diameter of 60 mm on MEA in a thermostat at 25°C for 2 weeks. ...
... The qualitative activity of oxidative enzymes in the studied fungi was determined using the previously described method based on the ability of fungi-producers to oxidize the substrate of 2,2 0 -azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) (Shakhova and Volobuev 2020b). For this assessment, the mycelial blocks of the strains were placed on Petri dishes (90 mm diam.) with 2% agar (''Difco'') and ABTS at a concentration of 0.1% with the mycelial layer upward. ...
... More than half of strains have possessed rather high levels of cellulolytic activity that measured by diameter of bleached zones from 15.3 ± 1.1 (for LE-BIN 4412 Phellinus alni) to 15.3 ± 1.2 mm (for LE-BIN 4408 Sarcodontia crocea) to 24.4 ± 0.7 mm (for LE-BIN 4340 Phellinus pomaceus). The medium cellulase activity (15-16 mm) together with high ligninolytic potential (24-29 mm) observed for the strains of Sarcodontia crocea (LE-BIN 4406, LE-BIN 4408) confirms earlier obtained data for other strains of this species (Shakhova and Volobuev 2020b;. Only five strains did not show any enzymatic activity based on CMC agar test but had (Table 2)-with the greatest ligninolytic and cellulolytic potential (zone more than 25 mm) that coincides with the literature data. ...
Xylotrophic basidiomycetous macrofungi (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) play a key role in wood degradation, and they are crucial participants in the global carbon cycling, due to their unique extracellular enzymes for the decomposition of resistant plant lignocellulose polymers. The enzymatic mechanisms for detoxification not only of natural lignocellulose degradation products but also of various xenobiotics make the basidial fungi widely used in various fields of biotechnology. This study focuses on discovering and studying new strains of xylotrophic fungi producing highly active enzymes of the lignocellulolytic complex. Sixty-two fungal strains of 33 lignicolous basidial species from different woody substrates collected from 2015 to 2020 within the Central Russian Upland (European part of Russia) were isolated in pure culture. As a result of the screening, three groups of fungi have been distinguished based on their growth rate and activity of oxidative and cellulolytic enzymes. The first group includes the strains LE-BIN 4335 Trametes versicolor and LE-BIN 3828 Funalia trogii, which combine high lignocellulolytic potential with a fast growth rate. The second group consists of LE-BIN 4401 Hyphoderma mutatum, LE-BIN 3835 Irpex lacteus, and LE-BIN 3615 Daedaleopsis confragosa with high growth rate and rather high activity of oxidative and cellulolytic enzymes. The third group is represented by the strain LE-BIN 3836 Steccherinum ochraceum, which characterized by an average growth rate and maximum production of ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymes. All three groups of fungi can be recommended for further biotechnological application.
... Its presence in the Caucasus region is reported by few records from North Caucasus (Russia) and Georgia (Ghobad-Nejhad et al. 2009). S. crocea, a so-called xyloparasite, grows on trunks, branches or roots live trees, both wild and cultivated, predominantly on fruit trees, mainly Malus spp., and in frequently other tree species, including Pyrus spp., Prunus spp., Fagus spp., Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp., etc. (Szczepkowski et al. 2017;Shakhova and Volobuev 2020). ...
The Sarcodontia crocea (Schwein.) Kotl. is recorded for the first time from Armenia. The specimen has been collected from the old fallen branch of apple tree (Malus sp.) and known from the single locality, the private orchard at the Vahagni village, Lori province. Herein, the collected specimen, habitat and threats are briefly described. Further inclusion to the Red Data Book of Armenia is recommended.
... Branched generative hyphae, differentiated with septate and clamp connections, 3.5 (6.5)-4.5 (9.5) μm in diameter. Occasionally there were observed chlamydospores broadly ellipsoid (width Detailed descriptions of some strains are presented in Shakhova and Volobuev [53]. ...
Aim. To summarise and analyse data on the species diversity, distribution and substrate spectra of wood‐inhabiting basidial macromycetes growing on fruit trees in the Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Lipetsk, Oryol and Tambov Regions.
Material and Methods. The work involved a critical examination of literature sources, LE, OHHI, and VU herbaria. We undertook field researches in 2019–2020, identified specimens collected based on light microscopy techniques and isolated the basidial fungi in a pure culture.
Results. Data on 97 species of basidial macrofungi from 68 genera associated with Malus, Pyrus and Prunus wood in the Central Black Earth Region are summarised. Antrodia serpens and Ceriporia torpida are newly known to Russia. 65 new dikaryotic strains for 22 species of Agaricomycetes have been introduced into the LE‐BIN. A total of 65 species are associated with Malus, 34 species with Pyrus and 29 species with Prunus. Five species (Lyomyces crustosus, Stereum hirsutum, Trametes hirsuta, T. ochracea and T. versicolor) grow on all three genera of host. These species specialise in fruit trees include Sarcodontia crocea and Phellinus pomaceus.
Conclusion. Pathogenic activity has been clearly observed for 32 species of fungi found on trunks and branches of living trees, causing necrosis and trunk rot. Furthermore, it is recommended that regular phytopathological monitoring of orchards should be carried out, taking the group of xylotrophic fungi into account.
... The identification of strains was performed using the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 nrDNA analysis (Shakhova, Volobuev, 2020a) and based on the cultural and morphological parameters described by J. A. . The studied dikaryotic strains of S. crocea are maintained in the Komarov Botanical Institute Basidiomycetes Culture Collection (LE-BIN) (Belova et al., 2005). ...
... Besides the specialisation in development on certain host species (S. crocea prefers the wood of Malus spp. ), this group of fungi is characterized by being associated with living plants, remaining vitality on dead plant remnants only for a short time Shakhova, Volobuev, 2020a). Apparently, chips or nutrient media based on water extracts from the chips of seed fruit trees were treated by S. crocea strains as an organic matter of a dead plant, as evidenced by low growth rate, depressed mycelial mat and partial loss of the activity of lignolytic complex enzymes. ...
The results of a study of growth characteristics, macromorphological features and biosynthetic potential of nine dikaryotic strains of Sarcodontia crocea (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) maintained in the Komarov Botanical Institute Basidiomycetes Culture Collection (LE-BIN) are presented. The strains studied were extracted from the basidiocarps collected on Malus domestica in the Belgorod, Oryol and Rostov Oblasts, as well as by seeding of basidiospores. The cultural and morphological characteristics and enzymatic activity of S. crocea were tested on both standard nutrient media (malt-extract agar – MEA, glucose-peptone agar – GPA) and modified semi-synthetic agarized media. Original compositions has been developed and for the first time nutrient media pre-pared using water-based wood extracts from Malus domestica (Malus-M) and Pyrus communis (Pyrus-M) have been approved. It was found that a significant reduction in growth rates was observed during the cultivation of S. crocea on agarized nutrient media of GPA, Malus-M and Pyrus-M. The studied strains on Malus-M and Pyrus-M exhibited high colony variability, sparse micelian mat, and loss of zonality and air mycelium intensity compared to MEA. It was shown that the composition of the nutrient medium strongly determined the ability of S. crocea strains to produce lignocelluolytic complex enzymes. The cellulolytic activity was noted for strains on all media studied, but no reliable differences were found in the cultivation of strains on sugar-rich MEA and three other semi-synthetic media. Only two strains (LE-BIN 2138 and 4355) were identified as having high cellulolytic activ-ity when grown on MEA. The absence of lignolytic complex enzyme activity was demonstrated when the strains were cultivated on new modified semi-synthetic agarized media of Malus-M and Pyrus-M.
Chemical investigation of the hydnoid fungus Sarcodontia setosa resulted in the isolation of five compounds, including two new sarcodontic acid derivatives - setosic acid (1) and 7,8-dehydrohomosarcodontic acid (2) along with three known benzoquinone pigments - sarcodontic acid (3), 4,5-dehydrosarcodontic acid (4) and dihydrosarcodontic acid (5). The structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods (UV, NMR and HR-ESIMS). The biosynthetic relationship of the isolated compounds is proposed and discussed. Antibacterial activity screening of compounds 1-5 against ESKAPE bacterial strains in vitro with zones of inhibition was performed and MIC values were established for the most active compounds (3 and 5).
