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Morphology of Rosenvingea intricata and R. orientalis from Vietnam. (A-D) morphology of R. intricata. (A & B) Herbarium specimens collected at Cam Ranh Bay, Nha Trang, Vietnam. (C & D) Subdichotomous to irregular branches. (E-H) Morphology of R. orientalis. (E & F) Herbarium specimens of R. orientalis collected at Cam Ranh Bay, Nha Trang, Vietnam. (G) Dichotomous branches in the upper thallus. (H) Holdfast. Scale bars represent: A, B, E & F, 1 cm; C & D, 500 µm; G & H, 200 µm.
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The taxonomic status and the distribution of Rosenvingea species need attention because of the difficulties in morphological identification in the laboratory as well as in the field. We analyzed mitochondrial cox3 and plastid psaA gene sequences from Rosenvingea species from Vietnam, Mexico and Panama in combination with morphological examinations....
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Context 1
... of R. intricata were brown to dark brown in color, up to 5 cm in height and 5 mm in diameter (Fig. 3A-D). The thalli formed a dense decumbent mat with many branches that were often inter-adhesive. The axes were cylindrical to compressed, subdichotomously to irregu- larly lobed, 4-6 mm in diameter, becoming narrower dis- tally. Apices of branches were mostly rounded. cal comparison with other Rosenvingea species is given in Table ...
Context 2
... our study confirmed the previous reports on the occur- rence of R. intricata in Vietnam ( Pham 1969, Nguyen et al. 1993) as well as Baja California in Mexico (Norris 2010) Thalli of R. orientalis were up to 18 cm long with narrow (less than 2 mm in width), tubular to compressed fronds that are dichotomously branched in the upper thallus ( Fig. 3E-H). The thalli were golden to light brown in color, with hollow axes, up to 2 mm in diameter. Branches were dichotomous to irregularly lobed, usually tapering at the base and apex, ends of branches nearly ...
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... Prior to this work, the classification of Myelophycus had remained questionable as the genus was placed either in the Punctariaceae or in the Chordariaceae (Tanaka and Chihara 1984). Subsequent phylogenetic studies on the Scytosiphonaceae by Lee et al. (2014a) including the genus Melanosiphon M.J. Wynne (1969), a brown seaweed genus that also exhibits an isomorphic life history, provided molecular evidence to the inclusion of the genus within the Scytosiphonaceae. To date, the family Scytosiphonaceae includes 15 genera: Chnoospora J.Agardh (Fig. 1J), Rosenvingea Børgesen, Scytosiphon C.Agardh (Fig. 1K), and Tronoella Santiañez & Kogame (Fig. 1L). ...
... Currently, Colpomenia has eight species, but the branching morphology and segregation of Colpomenia ramosa W.R.Taylor and its close affinity with Encephalophycus tuberculatus (D.A. Saunders) Santiañez based on cox3 gene-based trees (e.g., Santiañez et al. 2018aSantiañez et al. , 2018b suggest the need to reassess its taxonomy and classification. In cox3 and rbcL-gene phylogenetic trees (e.g., Santiañez et al. 2018a, 2018b, Santiañez 2022 Lee et al. 2014a, 2014b, Santiañez et al. 2018b). Our multigene tree also recovered Co. ramosa in between I. stellata and E. tuberculatus, with very strong support. ...
... Concerning Melanosiphon, Wynne (1990) argued that the genus is distinct from Myelophycus in 1) having thinner cortex and medulla that renders them flaccid when taken out of the water as well as in 2) possessing paraphyses (= assimilatory filaments) with longitudinal divisions. The first molecular phylogenetic basis on the segregation of both genera was provided by Lee et al. (2014a) and confirmed by McDevit and Saunders (2017) through their multigene phylogenetic tree. ...
Members of the benthic marine brown macroalgal family Scytosiphonaceae are widely distributed in the tropical to warm temperate coasts and offshore reefs of major ocean basins. As ecologically important components of shallow intertidal down to mesophotic depths, scytosiphonacean taxa contribute to primary production and serve as food and habitat to other marine organisms. As economically important seaweeds, some Scytosiphonaceae can be consumed as food, used as feed additives, and as source of commercially important fucoidan and alginates. Despite these facts, the diversity, systematics, and molecular phylogenetic relationships of members of the Scytosiphonaceae remain understudied and among the most challenging to resolve. Recent approaches integrating molecular tools with traditional morpho-anatomical and life history observations have ushered in significant changes to the systematics of this complex group, including descriptions of new species and genera, and dividing the family into two tribes. Consequently, our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships within the Scytosiphonaceae has also improved. We provide here an overview of the challenges and opportunities in the study of the systematics and molecular phylogenetics of the Scytosiphonaceae, emphasizing the need to integrate multiple lines of evidence to resolve the persistent taxonomic problems within the group. We anticipate that the natural classification of the family Scytosiphonaceae will be achieved as we continue actively and collaboratively working towards the understanding of this complex yet interesting brown seaweeds.
... Agardh (1848), Børgesen (1914), Lee et al. (2014) This study Børgesen (1914) Figures 3h, 4l, 7 and S4G Description: Thallus yellow-brown in color, forming irregular clumps, up to 10 cm tall and 8 cm broad, epilithic, attached to from multiple points. Branches cylindrical to compressed, irregularly divaricately, 1-2 mm in diameter (Figure 7a), with pointed apices (Figure 7a). ...
This study revisited the taxonomy and diversity of brown macroalgae within the Scytosiphonaceae family in French Polynesia, which had previously been recognized as encompassing only six species. Using the chloroplast and mitochondrial genes rbc L, psb A, and cox 3 as molecular markers in conjunction with morpho‐anatomical observations, we unveiled the presence of 11 species spanning six genera: Chnoospora minima , Colpomenia claytoniae , Co. sinuosa [groups IIIa and IIIb], Hydroclathrus rapanuii , H. tenuis , H. tilesii , Manzaea minuta , Pseudochnoospora implexa , Rosenvingea australis , and the newly described species R. polynesiensis sp. nov. and R. tahitiensis sp. nov. This encompasses the recognition of two previously unreported genera in this region: Manzaea and Pseudochnoospora . Sequences were successfully acquired for four taxa that had been documented previously, while the absence of sequences for H. clathratus and H. tumulis in French Polynesia raises queries about their presence in this region. With these additions, the total species count now stands at 13 (including H. clathratus and H. tumulis ), one being an endemic species. The molecular‐assisted alpha taxonomic approach used here allowed for a critical revision of the Scytosiphonaceae species checklist for French Polynesia. The diversity revealed in this region accounts for a substantial 20% of the family's global diversity. Additionally, our study presents an updated species‐level phylogeny for the Scytosiphonaceae.
... Among these species, the cox3 gene had little change in amino acids and the lowest Ka/Ks ratio. It is widely used as a potential molecular marker for species identification, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic analysis [69,70]. ...
... Among these species, the cox3 gene had little change in amino acids and the lowest Ka/Ks ratio. It is widely used as a potential molecular marker for species identification, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic analysis [69,70]. The substitution saturation index of the combined dataset for 88 Patellogastropoda mitogenomes for 13 PCGs (Iss = 0.823) was significantly lower than the critical values (Iss.cSym ...
To further understand the origin and evolution of Patellogastropoda, we determined the mitochondrial genome sequence of Cellana toreuma, and compared its mitogenome characteristics with the other four limpets of Nacellidae. The ratio of Ka and Ks indicated that these Nacellidae species were suffering a purifying selection, with exception of the atp6 gene. The gene sequence is basically consistent among families, while there are great differences among Lottidae species. According to the mitogenome sequences of selected gastropod species, we reconstructed a new phylogenetic tree with two methods. The data complement the mitogenome database of limpets and is a favorable research tool for the phylogenetic analysis of Gastropoda. It is found that there is a long-branch attraction (LBA) artefact in the family Lottiidae of Patellogastropoda. Therefore, the Patellogastropoda was separated by Heterobranchia, and Lottiidae is located at the root of the whole phylogenetic tree. Furthermore, we constructed the divergence time tree according to the Bayesian method and discussed the internal historical dynamics, and divergence differences among the main lineages of 12 Patellogastropoda under an uncorrelated relaxed molecular clock. In turn, we made a more comprehensive discussion on the divergence time of limpets at the molecular level.
... These morpho-anatomical affinities were also reflected in our molecular trees where I. quadriseriata formed a clade with R. australis from Cape Peron, western Australia (Huisman et al. 2018). More importantly, in our psaA tree, I. quadriseriata formed a wellsupported lineage with R. intricata sensu Lee et al. (2014a) from Vietnam and Panama. Therefore, we believe that I. quadriseriata should be transferred to Rosenvingea, as a heterotypic synonym of R. intricata. ...
The taxonomy, classification, and phylogenetic relationships of the brown seaweed genus Iyengaria with other members of the family Scytosiphonaceae remain poorly understood. In this study, we addressed some problems in the systematics (taxonomic and classification status) and phylogenetic position of Iyengaria based on our studies on the generitype Iyengaria stellata from Kuwait and South Africa. We confirm that I. stellata is conspecific with Colpomenia capensis based on molecular and morpho‐anatomical data and that the species has a disjunct distribution within the Indian Ocean. Also, the distinguishing features of two Iyengaria species (I. nizamuddinii and ‘I. lobocylindrica’) described from Karachi, Pakistan, are within the morphological range of I. stellata. Hence, these two taxa are considered here as junior heterotypic synonyms of I. stellata. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses suggested the polyphyly of the genus Iyengaria, with the recently described Iyengaria quadriseriata from India forming close associations with Rosenvingea intricata. As such, we remove I. quadriseriata from the genus Iyengaria and relegate it as a synonym of R. intricata. Consequently, by recognizing only one species, our proposals considerably reduce the species diversity in the genus. Moreover, our culture studies suggested that I. stellata exhibits an alternation of heteromorphic generations, similar to other species in the Scytosiphonaceae. Under culture conditions, I. stellata also produced plurangia on microthalli, confirming its affinity with other phylogenetically close relatives in the ‘Hydroclathrus group’ of the family Scytosiphonaceae such as Colpomenia, Rosenvingea, and Chnoospora.
... Members of the genus Rosenvingea Børgesen (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) are tropical to subtropical brown seaweeds distinguished by their erect, dichotomous or alternately branched, cylindrical to somewhat compressed, hollow thalli with plurangia forming surface sori (Børgesen 1914, Norris 2010, West et al. 2010, Lee et al. 2014, Huisman et al. 2018. Branches, which are free in most species or coadhering in some, along with their branching patterns are primarily used as taxonomic criteria for segregating the different taxa in this genus. ...
... The taxonomy of Rosenvingea remains problematic despite recent studies utilizing molecular techniques; although, this is understandable considering that only three species (i.e., R. intricata, R. australis, and R. orientalis) have been included in molecular studies (West et al. 2010, Lee et al. 2014, Huisman et al. 2018, Santiañez et al. 2018a). Among the most interesting of Rosenvingea is the tropical species R. nhatrangensis, which was first described by Dawson (1954) from Nha Trang, Vietnam. ...
... In their survey of the benthic algae of the coast of Nha Trang, Abbott et al. (2002) were not able to recover R. nhatrangensis. Similarly, in the molecular-based survey of Lee et al. (2014) on the diversity of Rosenvingea from Vietnam, they only found two Rosenvingea species, R. intricata and R. orientalis. Tsutsui et al. (2005), however, reported on the occurrence of the species from Duong De, Nha Trang. ...
We describe herein the morpho-anatomy of the elusive brown alga Rosenvingea nhatrangensis (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) and add this species to the flora of both the Philippines and Malaysia. At present, only two Rosenvingea species (R. intricata and R. orientalis) have been reported from both localities. We also report on the occurrence of R. australis in central Philippines based on molecular phylogenetic data, thus extending its distribution to the northern Pacific. First time account of the morphology of R. australis sporophyte under culture conditions is also provided.
... This taxon was first thought to represent the widespread tropical species Rosenvingea intricata, which at the time had not been recorded in the Perth region and would therefore represent a significant southward range extension. However, molecular analyses using mitochondrial cox3 and plastid psaA sequences, as commonly used in taxonomic studies (Kogame et al. 2005, Boo et al. 2010, West et al. 2010, Lee et al. 2014, Santiañez et al. 2017, 2018 revealed subtle but significant differences and prompted a thorough morphological investigation, resulting in the taxon being recognized as the new species Rosenvingea australis described here. ...
... The phylogenetic topologies obtained with ML and BI methods were highly congruent, and the ML tree is presented ( Figure 8). Analyses of cox3 sequences showed a well-supported Scytosiphonaceae consisting of eight genera, consistent with the results of Lee et al. (2014). The genus Rosenvingea was not supported as a monophyly. ...
... The first of these is morphologically compatible with the widespread Rosenvingea orientalis and placement in that species is consistent with our molecular analyses showing a close relationship with a specimen from Vietnam (KM587019). Confirmation of this identification Brought to you by | Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Authenticated Download Date | 7/24/18 11:08 AM will require a molecular comparison with specimens from the Philippines type locality; however it appears that R. orientalis is widespread in the tropics based on psaA analyses that indicate conspecificity between our specimens, a specimen from Mexico (KC588969, West et al. 2010) and the aforementioned Vietnamese specimen (Lee et al. 2014: Figure 2). As noted by Huisman (2015), all of the Western Australian specimens, whether from Broome, the Swan Estuary at Perth, or Cape Peron, have a similar appearance with slender, only slightly tapering axes. ...
Two species of the brown algal genus Rosenvingea are reported from south-west (SW) Australia, including the widely distributed R. orientalis and the new species R. australis Huisman, G.H. Boo et S.M. Boo, sp. nov. Molecular phylogenies of mitochondrial cox 3 and plastid psa A unequivocally align the SW Australian R. orientalis with specimens from Vietnam and the species is morphologically consistent throughout its Australian range. Australian specimens of the new species R. australis join with a specimen from New Caledonia and these resolve as a sister species to R. intricata , with levels of pairwise divergence (4.2–4.9% in cox 3 and 3.9–4.0% in psa A) comparable to those between other scytosiphonacean species. The new species can be distinguished morphologically by its branch dimensions and the arrangement and size of plurangia, but further studies including molecular analyses of a full range of species and possible morphological variants are needed.
... However, as information on life histories and input of genetic data from other scytosiphonacean species have been scarce, no formal proposals have yet been made to settle the unresolved relationships in the family. Recently, members of the Scytosiphonaceae have received considerable attention, resulting in an increase of information on the life history, morphology and phylogeny of species of Chnoospora (Kogame 2001), Colpomenia (Kogame and Masuda 2001, Lee et al. 2012, Lee et al. 2014a, Hydroclathrus (Kraft andAbbott 2003, Santiañez et al. 2018), Melanosiphon (Lee et al. 2014b), Myelophycus (Cho et al. 2006), Rosenvingea (West et al. 2010, Lee et al. 2014b and Petalonia (Kogame et al. 2011, Matsumoto et al. 2014. Collectively, these works have provided insights into the taxonomic complexities but have also paved the way to clarifying specific and generic boundaries in the Scytosiphonaceae. ...
... However, as information on life histories and input of genetic data from other scytosiphonacean species have been scarce, no formal proposals have yet been made to settle the unresolved relationships in the family. Recently, members of the Scytosiphonaceae have received considerable attention, resulting in an increase of information on the life history, morphology and phylogeny of species of Chnoospora (Kogame 2001), Colpomenia (Kogame and Masuda 2001, Lee et al. 2012, Lee et al. 2014a, Hydroclathrus (Kraft andAbbott 2003, Santiañez et al. 2018), Melanosiphon (Lee et al. 2014b), Myelophycus (Cho et al. 2006), Rosenvingea (West et al. 2010, Lee et al. 2014b and Petalonia (Kogame et al. 2011, Matsumoto et al. 2014. Collectively, these works have provided insights into the taxonomic complexities but have also paved the way to clarifying specific and generic boundaries in the Scytosiphonaceae. ...
A new and putatively endemic species of Hydroclathrus, Hydroclathrus rapanuii, is described from the geographically isolated Easter Island in the southeastern Pacific based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic data. It is distinguished from other Hydroclathrus by thalli of unevenly furrowed thin membranes, and angular, block-like plurangial sori. Our phylogenetic analyses indicated that H. rapanuii is closely related to the generitype Hydroclathrus clathratus. We also report on the morphology and phylogeny of Chnoospora minima from Easter I. and elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, noting the previously unreported presence of hollow portions in its medulla. Although not collected from Easter I., we herein propose the recognition of two new genera, Dactylosiphon gen. nov. and Pseudochnoospora gen. nov., based on our three-gene phylogeny and their known morphologies and anatomies. Dactylosiphon is based on the three species currently assigned to Colpomenia (C. bullosa, C. durvillei, and C. wynnei) that are genetically and morphologically (i.e. thalli with erect and finger-like tubes arising from a common saccate base) distinct from other members of Colpomenia. The monotypic genus Pseudochnoospora is represented by the decumbent, branching, and inter-adhesive species currently known as Chnoospora implexa. With the above proposals, we further increase the genus-level diversity of Scytosiphonaceae in the Indo-Pacific Ocean.
... Interspecific divergence was considerably higher, ranging from 4.1% to 11.5%. The maximum intraspecific divergence of H. stephanosorus in our study was similar to those reported in Colpomenia wynnei K.M.Lee, R.RiosmenaRodriguez, K.Kogame & S.M.Boo (2.6%; Lee et al. 2014b) and were smaller than those of other scytosiphonacean algae, such as Colpomenia claytoniae S.M.Boo, K.M.Lee, G.Y. Cho & W.Nelson (4.55%;Boo et al. 2011a), Colpomenia durvillei (Bory de Saint-Vincent) M.E.Ramírez (3.07%; Lee et al. 2012) and R. intricata (4.8%; Lee et al. 2014a). From our cox3 tree (Fig. 2), H. clathratus seemed to have rapidly evolved from H. stephanosorus, leaving the latter as a paraphyletic group. ...
Among the distinctive members of the brown algal family Scytosiphonaceae is the genus Hydroclathrus, which are primarily distinguished by their clathrate (net-like) appearance. Hydroclathrus, despite being seasonal and species-poor, is a conspicuous floristic component in many tropical to warm temperate coasts. However, compared with other closely related genera such as Colpomenia and Rosenvingea, Hydroclathrus remains poorly known; its taxonomy remains problematic while information on the molecular phylogenetic relationships of the species is still scarce. We attempted to bridge these gaps by describing the diversity and molecular phylogeny of Hydroclathrus based on morphological and genetic (mitochondrial cox1 and cox3, and plastidial psaA and rbcL genes) data. We recognized four Hydroclathrus species: H. clathratus, H. stephanosorus, H. tenuis, and H. minutus sp. nov., which is morphologically cryptic to H. tenuis. A new clathrate genus, Tronoella ryukyuana gen. & sp. nov., is also erected based on specimens from southern Japan. Tronoella is primarily distinguished from Hydroclathrus in possessing: (1) highly convoluted thalli with branches that are sometimes slightly twisted and/or inter-adhesive; (2) siphonous protrusions that grow randomly and in various directions, later on becoming perforated branches with revolute margins; and, (3) plurangia that are firmly coherent and massive. Our results highlight the need to re-evaluate the identity of the species reported as H. clathratus and H. tenuis and underscore the need to re-examine the taxonomy and systematics of the family Scytosiphonaceae.
... Interspecific divergence was considerably higher, ranging from 4.1% to 11.5%. The maximum intraspecific divergence of H. stephanosorus in our study was similar to those reported in Colpomenia wynnei K.M.Lee, R.Riosmena- Rodriguez, K.Kogame & S.M.Boo (2.6%; Lee et al. 2014b) and were smaller than those of other scytosiphonacean algae, such as Colpomenia claytoniae S.M.Boo, K.M.Lee, G.Y. Cho & W.Nelson (4.55%;Boo et al. 2011a), Colpomenia durvillei (Bory de Saint-Vincent) M.E.Ramírez (3.07%; Lee et al. 2012) and R. intricata (4.8%; Lee et al. 2014a). From our cox3 tree (Fig. 2), H. clathratus seemed to have rapidly evolved from H. stephanosorus, leaving the latter as a paraphyletic group. ...
Members of the brown algal genus Hydroclathrus, easily identified by their characteristic net-like appearance, are economically important species that are used as food, fertilizer, and animal fodder. Hydroclathrus species also produce high value natural products such as alginates and fucoidan, and are collectively considered as potential sources of biomass for biogas production. Despite its economic importance and potential, little is known on the diversity of the genus, and its taxonomy remains confused. Herein, we report the results of our attempt to solve the taxonomic problem in the genus Hydroclathrus using both morphological and genetic (mitochondrial cox1 and cox3 and plastidial rbcL and psaA sequences) data of samples collected from the Pacific Ocean. Our data suggest the presence of seven species lineages in the Pacific, including all known Hydroclathrus: H. clathratus, H. stephanosorus, H. tenuis, and H. tumulis. The other three species lineages, which may represent putative new/cryptic species, are also described and compared with the other known Hydroclathrus species. Moreover, the results of our study also extend the distribution ranges of H. stephanosorus and H. tumulis outside of their respective type localities/regions. Lastly, we highlight herein the taxonomic challenges in interpreting and delineating the different species of this morphologically plastic genus as well as underscore the need to re-evaluate the identity of the species which were reported under the name H. clathratus and H. tenuis.
... Despite the numerous publications on the phylogeny of the family Scytosiphonaceae, several genera and species are clearly not monophlyletic (Cho et al. 2005, Lee et al. 2014, Silberfeld et al. 2010) and further research is required. The morphological characters used in separating genera are ambiguous.The genera and the family have not been well sampled genetically. ...
... Agardh) Børgesen differs morphologically from Iyengaria stellata having a tall upright, cylindrical to flattened, partially hollow thallus with irregular branches sometimes anastomosing. As shoots enlarge the inner medullary cells break down leaving an outer cortical cell layer up to 100 um thick with patches of phaeophycean hairs (Huisman 2000, Payri et al. 2000, Abbott & Huisman 2004, Oliveira et al. 2005, Norris 2010, Lee et al 2014. ...
... The psaA data of Cho et al. (2005) and Silberfeld et al. (2010) have shown that different specimens of Rosenvingia intricata from Japan and New Caledonia are not monophyletic. The phylogenetic relationships of Rosenvingea based on cox3 and psaA sequences also show the genus is not monophyletic (Lee et al. 2014). This could be a problem of specimen identification as no anatomical evidence of the specimens was given.. ...
The generic circumscriptions in the family Scytosiphonaceae are complex, as they are poorly defined morphologically and molecular work is limited. The genus Iyengaria has been rarely studied and its genetic distinctness is still in doubt. Here we describe Iyengaria quadriseriata sp. nov. from Tamil Nadu, India that has a large hollow prostrate cushion with many knobby protrusions that fits the type species of Iyengaria, I. stellata, but differs in other vegetative and reproductive details: (1) phaeophycean hairs absent from the non-reproductive epidermal layer and vestigial in the centre of some sporangial sori, (2) individual sporangial sori mostly discoid, not irregularly confluent as in I. stellata, and (3) mostly quadriseriate plurilocular sporangial filaments, not uniseriate as reported in other specimens. Molecular psaA evidence, places this species in the family Scytosiphonaceae, but its position in relation to sequences of other genera is not well resolved. Our molecular evidence on I. quadriseriata sp. nov. does show that the generic names given to Genbank samples, or the generic circumscriptions, are incorrect. No molecular data is currently available for any other Iyengaria specimens. More research is necessary to discern clear generic differences and species differences in each genus.
