Fig 3 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported
Content may be subject to copyright.
Morphology of Mortierella oligospora EML-DDSF4. A, B, Culture on potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 7 days at 27 o C; C~E, Different stage of sporangia on sporangiophores developed on water agar (WA) medium; F, G, Simple sporangiophore on WA; H, Sporangiospores on WA; I, Irregular and transparent hyphae with septa on PDA; J~M, Chlamydospore structures with intercalary or terminal patterns on PDA; N, Branched hyphae on PDA; O, Magnified chlamydospore structures with intercalary patterns on PDA; P, Globose chlamydospore or chlamydospore-like structure on PDA; Q~S, Different sized vesicles or spores derived from the chlamydospore or chlamydospore-like structures on PDA (scale bars: C~M = 20 µm, N = 30 µm, O~Q = 5 µm, R = 3 µm, S = 10 µm).
Source publication
Using dilution plating method, 47 fungal isolates were obtained from a soil sample collected from Dokdo in the East Sea of Korea in 2013. In this study, two fungal isolates, EML-MFS30-1 and EML-DDSF4, were confirmed as undescribed species, Metarhizium guizhouense and Mortierella oligospora in Korea based on current classification system using multi...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... of EML-DDSF4. Mortierella oligospora Björl., Bot. Not. 1936: 121 (1936 [MB#272844]. Etymology: This species was isolated from soil sample, Dokdo in the East Sea of Korea. Description: Colonies exhibited fast growth on PDA, attaining a diameter of 70 mm after 7 days at 27 o C. The color of colonies was cotton white. The reverse of colony was also white with irregularly zonate. On artificial media, typical sporangia and sporangiospores were not observed although the PDA medium showed good mycelial growth. However, sporangia were produced only on water agar medium. Sporangia were globose to oval, measured 17.4~ 19.1 × 18.0~21.6 μm. The sporangiospores were globose, roughened, and measured 8.0~14.3 (avr. 12.6) × 8.8~16.0 (avr. 13.4) μm. Intercalary (commonly) or terminal chlamydospores with smooth surface were produced on PDA medium. The structures were mostly globose or subglobose containing different sized vesicles (or spores). Few-spored to 3-spored sporangioles were unclearly observed on PDA (Table 4, Fig. ...
Citations
... minus (insects from Homoptera-Philippines, Solomon Islands), M. frigidum (insects from Coleoptera, Soil, Termite mound-Australia) [31]. However, the fungal strains were also isolated from environmental soil that was found in various agricultural areas, namely Penicillium raphiae [32], Metarhizium guizhouense and Mortierella oligospora in Korea [33]. In the present study, the strain KNU-Gunwi 2B was isolated from hillside root-soil in Gyeongsangbuk-do also and identified as Materhizium rileyi. ...
In this study, the fungal strains KNU-Gunwi 2B and KNU-SOT5 were isolated from root-soil in a hillside and the cherry tree bark (Prunus serrulata), respectively from Gyeongbuk province in Korea. The strain KNU-SOT5 produced dark brown chlamydospores that were smooth to lightly rough-walled, globose to ellipsoidal, and the conidia were aseptate, guttulate, mostly fusiform with a diameter of 5.3-17.6×4.2-7.0 μm. Strain KNU-Gunwi 2B produced phialides that were smooth-walled, cylindrical with semi-papillate apices and the conidia were pale-green, broadly ellipsoid, and sometimes cylindrical with a diameter of 4.4-8.0×2.3-4.0 μm. The strain KNU-SOT5 and KNU-Gunwi 2B were resolved based on cultural and morphological characteristics, along with the phylogenetic analysis using the small subunit (SSU), large subunit (LSU), and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) regions. The fungal strains KNU-SOT5 and KNU-Gunwi 2B were identified as Dothidea insculpta and Metarhizium rileyi, which have not been reported in Korea.
... Ulleungdo inhabits approximately 600 species of vascular plants, of which 39 are endemic to the island [9]. The diversified fungal strains were recovered from agricultural soil in Ulleungdo such as Penicillium raphiae [10], and Metarhizium guizhouense and Mortierella oligospora were also isolated from Dokdo nearest from Ulleungdo [11]. ...
Three fungal strains belonging to the class Sordariomycetes were isolated from soils collected from Gyeongsangbuk-do in Korea. They were identified as Cephalotrichum hinnuleum
(UD CT 1-3-3 and KNU-19GWF1) and Thelonectria chlamydospora sp. nov. (UD ST 1-2-1).
T. chlamydospora sp. nov. was morphologically identical to T. truncata, but its specific
macroconidial dimensions, lower number of septations, and chlamydospore diameter render
it distinct from the strains of the genus Thelonectria. The strains UD CT 1-3-3 and KNU19GWF1 were developed flat, velvety to felty, and golden gray to brown-gray after 14 days
of incubation at 25 C on PDA. These strains were produced polyblastic conidiogenous cells
and conidia were pale brown to brown, smooth, thin-walled, subglobose to ellipsoidal,
arranged in chains, and the diameters of 6.7–9.0 � 3.7–5.1 lm. The strains were also confirmed by using the multi-locus genes using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, partial
large subunit (LSU), translation elongation factor 1a (TEF1-a), b-tubulin (TUB2), and actin
(ACT) genes. This is the discovery of T. chlamydospora sp. nov. and Cephalotrichum hinnuleum, a new record from Korea.
... To date, six species of Mortierella have been reported in Korea: M. alpina, M. ambigua, M. indohii, M. minutissima, M. oligospora, and M. zychae [17][18][19]. M. elongata isolated from the root of Pharagmites australis in Korea was previously reported without a detailed description by Khalmuratova et al. [20]. A new Mortierella species, M. fluviae, was isolated from a freshwater sample collected at Yeongsan River located in Gwangju, Korea, in 2016 [10]. ...
... Until now, few studies have reported new and undescribed species belonging to the order Mortierelles in Korea [17][18][19]. Finding of M. elongata, M. horticola, and M. humilis improves our knowledge regarding the occurrence and distribution of zygomycete species within the genus Mortierella known as an undiscovered taxon in Korea. ...
Three fungal isolates designated as CNUFC-YR329-1, CNUFC-PTS103-1, and CNUFC-PTS2-1 were discovered during a survey of fungal diversity of the order Mortierellales from freshwater and pine tree rhizosphere soil samples in Korea. The strains were analyzed morphologically and phylogenetically based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of ribosomal DNA gene sequences. Based on their morphology and phylogeny, the three isolates were identified as Mortierella elongata, M. horticola, and M. humilis, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, M. elongata, M. horticola, and M. humilis, belonging to an undiscovered taxon, have not been previously described in Korea.
... Thus it is important to investigate the fungal diversity of this isolated area to understand their natural ecology. Reports have described a variety of bacterial and fungal species on Dokdo Island belonging to the genera Absidia, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Clonostachys, Fusarium, Diaporthe, Metahizium, Mortierella, Mucor, Paecilomyces, Paraphoma, Penicillium, Plectosphaerella, and Stemphylium [7][8][9][10][11]. However, comparatively few species of fungi have been described [8][9][10]. ...
... Reports have described a variety of bacterial and fungal species on Dokdo Island belonging to the genera Absidia, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Clonostachys, Fusarium, Diaporthe, Metahizium, Mortierella, Mucor, Paecilomyces, Paraphoma, Penicillium, Plectosphaerella, and Stemphylium [7][8][9][10][11]. However, comparatively few species of fungi have been described [8][9][10]. ...
While evaluating fungal diversity in freshwater, grasshopper feces, and soil collected at Dokdo Island in Korea, four fungal strains designated CNUFC-DDS14-1, CNUFC-GHD05-1, CNUFC-DDS47-1, and CNUFC-NDR5-2 were isolated. Based on combination studies using phylogenies and morphological characteristics, the isolates were confirmed as Ascodesmis sphaerospora, Chaetomella raphigera, Gibellulopsis nigrescens, and Myrmecridium schulzeri, respectively. This is the first records of these four species from Korea.
... As a result, Donghaeana dokdonensis was described as a novel genus and species in the International Journal of Systematic andEvolutionary Microbiology in 2005 (Yoon et al., 2006e). Subsequently, a new type of bacterial rhodopsin was found by sequencing its whole genome ( Lee et al., 2015). Meanwhile, Dokdonia donghaensis was also described as a novel species ( Yoon et al., 2005b) and had a new rhodopsin type, revealed by whole genome sequencing ( . ...
This review focuses on the state of research on the microbial resources of Dokdo, Korea, as a strategy for securing national
microbial resources. In the Korean peninsula, studies aimed at securing microbial resources are carried out across diverse
natural environments, especially in the Dokdo islands. Until 2017, a total of 61 novel microbial genera, species, or newly
recorded strains have been reported. Among these, 10 new taxa have had their whole genome sequenced and published,
in order to find novel useful genes. Additionally, there have been multiple reports of bacteria with novel characteristics,
including promoting plant growth or inducing systemic resistance in plants, calcite-forming ability, electrical activation,
and production of novel enzymes. Furthermore, fundamental studies on microbial communities help to secure and define
microbial resources in the Dokdo islands. This study will propose several tactics, based on ecological principles, for
securing more microbial resources to cope with the current increase in international competition for biological resources.
... Until recently, we have reported some kinds of new and undescribed zygomycetous fungi from Dokdo Island of Korea based on current classification system using combined sequences [12,27]. This study was also done to discover zygomycetous taxa on that unique island. ...
During a biodiversity survey of undiscovered taxa in Korea, two zygomycetous fungal strains were isolated. The first strain, EML-FSDY6-1 was isolated from a soil sample collected at Dokdo Island in the East Sea of Korea in 2013, and the second strain, EML-DG-NH3-1 was isolated from a rat dung sample collected at Chonnam National University garden, Gwangju, Korea in 2014. Based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer, 18S and 28S rDNA, actin and translation elongation factor-1α genes. EML-FSDY6-1 and EML-DG-NH3-1 isolates were confirmed as zygomycete species, Absidia pseudocylindrospora and Absidia glauca, respectively. Neither species has previously been described in Korea.
Background: A large number of undiscovered fungal species still exist on earth, which can be useful for bioprospecting, particularly for single cell oil (SCO) production. Mortierella is one of the significant genera in this field and contains about hundred species. Moreover, M. alpina is the main single cell oil producer at commercial scale under this genus.
Methods: Soil samples from four unique locations of North-East Libya were collected for the isolation of oleaginous Mortierella alpina strains by a serial dilution method. Morphological identification was carried out using light microscopy (Olympus, Japan) and genetic diversity of the isolated Mortierella alpina strains was assessed using conserved internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequences available on the NCBI GenBank database for the confirmation of novelty. The nucleotide sequences reported in this study have been deposited at GenBank (accession no. MZ298831:MZ298835 ). The MultAlin program was used to align the sequences of closely related strains. The DNA sequences were analyzed for phylogenetic relationships by molecular evolutionary genetic analysis using MEGA X software consisting of Clustal_X v.2.1 for multiple sequence alignment. The neighbour-joining tree was constructed using the Kimura 2-parameter substitution model.
Results: The present research study confirms four oleaginous fungal isolates from Libyan soil. These isolates (barcoded as MSU-101, MSU-201, MSU-401 and MSU-501) were discovered and reported for the first time from diverse soil samples of district Aljabal Al-Akhdar in North-East Libya and fall in the class: Zygomycetes ; order: Mortierellales .
Conclusions: Four oleaginous fungal isolates barcoded as MSU-101, MSU-201, MSU-401 and MSU-501 were identified and confirmed by morphological and molecular analysis. These fungal isolates showed highest similarity with Mortierella alpina species and can be potentialistic single cell oil producers. Thus, the present research study provides insight to the unseen fungal diversity and contributes to more comprehensive Mortierella alpina reference collections worldwide.
A large number of undiscovered fungal species still exist on earth, which can be useful for the bioprospecting particularly the single cell oil (SCO) production. The present research study confirms four oleaginous fungal isolates from Libyan soil. These isolates (Barcoded as MSU-101, MSU-201, MSU-401 and MSU-501) were discovered and reported first time from diverse soil samples of district Aljabal Al-Akhdar in North-East Libya and fall in the class: Zygomycetes ; order: Mortierellales . From the morphological and phylogenetic analysis, these isolates were identified and found as closest match with Mortierella alpina species. The present research study provides insight to the unseen fungal diversity and contributes to more comprehensive Mortierella alpina reference collections worldwide.
In the most recent scientific reports based on the DNA or RNA-analyses a widespread presence of the filamentous fungi, Mortierella in various environments has been shown. Some strains of this genus belong to the plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) and are found in the bulk soil, rhizosphere and plants tissues. These microorganisms are also often found in the extremely hostile environments, responsible for improving access to the bioavailable forms of P and Fe in the soils, the synthesis of phytohormones and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, and last but not least the protection of agricultural plants from pathogens. Furthermore, earlier reports classified Mortierella spp. as the saprotrophic microorganisms isolated from the forest litter, and nowadays their status as a very valuable decomposers in the agricultural soils was confirmed. The key features like the ability to survive under very unfavorable environmental conditions and the utilization of carbon sources contained in polymers like cellulose, hemicellulose, chitin make these fungi efficient as the agricultural inoculants. The growing interest in the application of Mortierella spp. is mainly due to the potential use of this genus in the increase of the nutrient uptake efficiency, positive effect in crop protection against adverse conditions, and reduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides applied. Moreover, activities of Mortierella species selected from the wild or cultivated plants influence the soil microbiota and support the performance of the beneficial microorganisms enhancing significantly crop yield.
